Second Month Of Life Research Articles

RENAL DISEASE IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

THE PRESENTATION emphasized the physiologic basis for the clinical symptoms occurring in the common causes of renal failure in childhood. The discussion was divided into the following categories: normal renal physiology in the developing child, clinical symptomatology of renal failure, certain aspects of glomerulonephritis and other hematurias and the management of renal failure and fluid therapy in a variety of pediatric conditions in relationship to renal functional disturbances occurring in them. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY The quantitative differences in functional capacity between the developing child and the adult were presented. Values comparable to the adult, on a surface area basis, for glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and maximal tubular excretion of para-aminohippurate are reached in some infants by 6 months of age and in most infants by 2 years. The individual variability in functional maturation was stressed. The young infant concentrates his urine to about half that of the adult, and his tubular response to intravenously administered pitressin also appears to be less than that of the adult. Full maturity of this function may be attained as early as the second month of life. The young infant has no difficulty in diluting urine, for as early as the second week of life he can excrete a urine comparably dilute to that of the adult under similar circumstances. Renal regulation of acid-base balance is thought to be less proficient in the very young infant. The premature infant for instance excretes less urinary ammonia in response to an acid load than does the older child.

The Development of Rumen Function in the Dairy Calf I. Some Characteristics of the Rumen Contents of Cattle of Various Ages1,2

Summary The data presented show a picture of gradual but progressive development of rumen function with age in dairy animals. Large within-group variations tended to make apparent differences from one age group to the next nonsignificant statistically. However, the amount and percentages of the acids investigated in the rumen contents of these calves on a normal diet tended to stabilize at least by the second month of life. According to this and the other criteria used in this work, by about 6 months of age few differences existed between the calf and the adult under this feeding regime.

FAMILIAL METAPHYSIAL DYSPLASIA

Two siblings with an unusual disease of the bones were recently observed: Case1.—J. H., a white boy of Irish-American parentage, was admitted to the Bellevue Hospital in October 1933 and again in January 1936 because of knock knee. He was born Oct. 10, 1926. Labor was normal, and the weight at birth was 3,380 Gm. He was artificially fed after the second month of life and received cod liver oil and orange juice at an early age. Development was normal; the child teethed, walked and talked at about the normal age. There were no illnesses except pertussis, at the age of 6 years. The father and mother were well. Roentgenograms of their long bones were normal. The condition of the sister, 6 years old, was similar to that of the patient. There was no history of deformity of the bones in any of the relatives. The chief complaint was

PERSISTENT CONGENITAL ATELECTASIS

Persistent congenital atelectasis in older infants is an interesting and comparatively rare condition, and for that reason the following report of a case is warranted. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> <i>History.</i>—B. C., a girl, aged 11 weeks, was first seen at home on April 29, 1932. The infant was born at a hospital on February 11, at full term, and weighed 6 pounds and 8 ounces (2,948.34 Gm.) at birth. The birth was normal in all respects. During the first six days of life the baby did not nurse well, and during the first month of life she was unusually drowsy and had frequent cyanotic spells. The attending physician, who examined her frequently, diagnosed the condition as possible involvement of the thymus but ordered no roentgenograms or treatment of any kind to relieve the cyanosis. During the second month of life the baby improved; she ate well, and the cyanotic

LIPOID HISTIOCYTOSIS (NIEMANN-PICK'S DISEASE)

At no period during life is an enlarged spleen so common an observation as in infancy. The majority of these splenic enlargements are secondary to or associated with an easily determined primary condition. There remains, however, a considerable group of obscure cases of splenomegaly in infancy, which are difficult of differentiation and which are frequently diagnosed only postmortem. There is, nevertheless, a splenomegaly occurring in lipoid histiocytosis (Niemann-Pick's disease) in which the diagnosis can definitely be made by means of splenic puncture and the determination of the blood lipoids. This is clearly shown in the following case. REPORT OF CASE History .—L. S., a white Jewish girl, aged 15 months, entered the hospital on April 4, 1927, with a complaint of vomiting and distended abdomen since the second month of life, and evidence of mental impairment, such as inability to sit up or to recognize parents. The condition was of

The case of surplus lung

During the preparation at the Anatomical Institute of the Corpse Vessels, one of the interesting deviations from the norm in the respiratory system was noticed, namely: on the opening of cavum thoracis in an infant of the second month of life, in the cavity of the left pleura, when the left diaphragmatic cost sinus was retracted to the right , to the left and posterior to the lower part of the aorta thoracalis, a special formation was seen, somewhat resembling the adrenal gland in shape, of uneven thickness, color and consistency of the lung tissue.