Second-level Analysis Research Articles

Development of Teachers’ Perception Scale Regarding Artificial Intelligence Use in Education: Validity and Reliability Study

This article aims to develop a teachers’ perception scale regarding the artificial intelligence use in education. The scale development study was carried out in two stages during the 2023–2024 academic year, covering 597 teachers who stated that they used different artificial intelligence applications. Literature was thoroughly reviewed and focus group interviews were held with teachers who used artificial intelligence applications in education while pooling scale items. Field expert faculty members were consulted in evaluating face and content validity of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the data obtained from the first sample group (n = 424), and a three-factor structure was determined in the first stage. It was observed that the factors of the first draft scale, consisting of 18 items, revealed 57.8% of the total variance. The first confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the data collected from the second sample group (n = 173) in the second stage. It was confirmed that the structure consisting of 18 items and three factors (teaching perception, learning perception, and ethical perception) was compatible with the data. After the first-level confirmatory factor analysis for the Teachers’ Perception Scale Regarding Artificial Intelligence Use in Education, a second-level confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine whether the factors that made up the scale revealed the variable. The final scale, consisting of 15 items and three dimensions, was determined to be compatible with the data obtained. Reliability analysis presented that the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as .87 for the whole scale, .82 for learning perception, .79 for teaching perception, and .79 for ethical perception. The results show that the teachers’ perception scale regarding artificial intelligence use in education is valid and reliable, and a sound measurement tool to determine the perception regarding artificial intelligence use in education.

What We Know So Far about Transfer Pricing: a Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive static information in the area of transfer pricing in order to assess the current situation and attempt to establish future research priorities. The data source used is the WoS database, where 788 different articles with 21,917 corresponding references were collected for the analysis. A bibliometric approach was applied using the VoSviewer software. In comparison to Kumar et al. (2021), who presented the results of the citation analysis of the articles found in the SCOPUS database, the authors performed a first-level analysis of the articles found in the WoS database, but also a second-level analysis, which was presented as a co-citation analysis. The primary similarity arises from the use of an identical methodology at the first level of analysing different sources, while the results of the co-citation analysis allow the formation of clusters for references, sources and authors, thus closing the obvious gap in the analysis of Kumar et al. (2021). The obtained results show two logical directions of continuation and development of the studied topic. The first direction allows future researchers to have a basic understanding of the breadth and depth of currently published works and studies on transfer pricing, while the development of the treated topic should be seen in the context of filling the gaps between transfer pricing and bibliometric analysis.

Disruption of Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Comparisons Between Right and Left Hemispheric Insults.

Few resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) studies evaluated the impact of acute ischemic changes on cerebral functional connectivity (FC) and its relationship with functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS), considering the side of lesions. To characterize alterations of FC of patients with AIS by analyzing 12 large-scale brain networks (NWs) with RS-fMRI. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of the side (right (RH) or left (LH) hemisphere) of insult on the disruption of brain NWs. 38 patients diagnosed with AIS (17 RH and 21 LH) who performed 3T MRI scans up to 72h after stroke were compared to 44 healthy controls. Images were processed and analyzed with the software toolbox UF2C with SPM12. For the first level, we generated individual matrices based on the time series extraction from 70 regions of interest (ROIs) from 12 functional NWs, constructing Pearson's cross-correlation; the second-level analysis included an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to investigate differences between groups. The statistical significance was determined with p < 0.05, after correction for multiple comparisons with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Overall, individuals with LH insults developed poorer clinical outcomes after six months. A widespread pattern of lower FC was observed in the presence of LH insults, while a contralateral pattern of increased FC was identified in the group with RH insults. Our findings suggest that LH stroke causes a severe and widespread pattern of reduction of brain networks' FC, presumably related to the impairment in their long-term recovery.

The compounding impact of the social determinants of health and COVID-19 on the mental health of young workers in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative, arts-based study.

The COVID-19 pandemic, a global health crisis, was acutely felt in the labour market for many young workers. Importantly, precarious employment, identified as an emergent social determinant of health, may negatively affect the mental health and well-being of young workers. To this end, we engaged with young workers to understand their workplace needs and challenges in the COVID-19 era and hear their recommendations for action. Semi-structured interviews and a graphic recording focus group were conducted with 33 young workers aged 18-26 years old in Manitoba, Canada, who had worked a minimum of 30 hours per week prior to COVID-19 onset and were living independent of their parents. Analysis involved delineating units of meaning from the data, clustering these to form thematic statements and extracting themes. Second-level analysis involved applying themes and sub-themes to a social determinants of health framework. The multifaceted, compounding realities of young workers' pre-COVID-19 employment situations were amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, adversely impacting young worker's mental health. Unique findings from this study highlight the generational differences in this cohort, who are opposed to participating in fragmented systemic structures (neoliberalism) and inequitable employment conditions, and who yearn for social inclusion and work-life balance. Their recommendations for government and employers call for permanent and stable employment opportunities, economic and mental health supports, and space to be heard and valued, as they navigate the many life course challenges as emerging adults. Societies are dependent on young workers to develop and support the Canadian economy for future generations. Thus, it is a critical that recommendations proposed by young workers in this study be acted upon and implemented to provide an equitable, stable, and supportive future for young workers in Canada and beyond.

Clinical researchers’ insights on key data for eligibility screening in clinical studies

Abstract Introduction: Clinical research is critical for healthcare advancement, but participant recruitment remains challenging. Clinical research professionals (CRPs; e.g., clinical research coordinator, research assistant) perform eligibility prescreening, ensuring adherence to study criteria while upholding scientific and ethical standards. This study investigates the key information CRP prioritizes during eligibility prescreening, providing insights to optimize data standardization, and recruitment approaches. Methods: We conducted a freelisting survey targeting 150 CRPs from diverse domains (i.e., neurological disorders, rare diseases, and other diseases) where they listed essential information they look for from medical records, participant/caregiver inquiries, and discussions with principal investigators to determine a potential participant’s research eligibility. We calculated the salience scores of listed items using Anthropac, followed by a two-level analytic procedure to classify and thematically categorize the data. Results: The majority of participants were female (81%), identified as White (44%) and as non-Hispanic (64.5%). The first-level analysis universally emphasized age, medication list, and medical history across all domains. The second-level analysis illuminated domain-specific approaches in information retrieval: for instance, history of present illness was notably significant in neurological disorders during participant and principal investigator inquiries, while research participation was distinctly salient in potential participant inquiries within the rare disease domain. Conclusion: This study unveils the intricacies of eligibility prescreening, with both universal and domain-specific methods observed. Variations in data use across domains suggest the need for tailored prescreening in clinical research. Incorporating these insights into CRP training and refining prescreening tools, combined with an ethical, participant-focused approach, can advance eligibility prescreening practices.

Social media and partnership jointly alleviate caregivers’ psychological distress: exploring the effects of online and offline connectedness

BackgroundThe prevalence of caregiving in the United States has increased from 16.6% to 19.2% during the period between 2015 and 2020. Caregivers play a critical public health role post-pandemic and as the population ages. However, caregiving can be detrimental to the health of caregivers. Many studies have shown that communication and connectedness are effective forms of health intervention for caregivers, but how this can be achieved requires further investigation.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the indirect effect of caregiving on problems of alcohol drinking through psychological distress. Moreover, this study aimed to provide initial evidence of the distinct effects of online and offline communication and connectedness on caregivers' well-being.MethodsThe predictions were evaluated by examining responses to the Health Information National Trends Survey 2020 (n = 3,865). A mediation analysis was conducted to test the mediating effect of psychological distress on the association between caregiving and alcohol drinking. A second-level moderation analysis was performed. The online communication and connectedness, social media use for health, and the offline type, marital or romantic partnership, were tested as moderators to lessen the psychological distress of caregiving.ResultsA competitive mediation was identified. We found a positive indirect effect from caregiving to alcohol drinking mediated by psychological distress (bp = .0017, p < .05) but a negative direct effect from caregiving to alcohol drinking (bp = -.0340, p < .05). Furthermore, the study reported a strongly positive effect of moderated moderation on the linkage from caregiving to psychological distress. The negative impact of caregiving on mental distress was greater among those who used social media less, particularly those without a romantic or marital partner.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that caregivers experience more mental distress, which leads to risky behavior. This study highlights the crucial role of both online and offline connectedness in mitigating the adverse consequences of caregiving.

Systematic Violence Monitoring to Reduce Underreporting and to Better Inform Workplace Violence Prevention Among Health Care Workers: Before-and-After Prospective Study.

Monitoring workplace violence (WPV) against health care workers (HCWs) through incident reporting is crucial to drive prevention, but the actual implementation is spotty and experiences underreporting. This study aims to introduce a systematic WPV surveillance in 2 public referral hospitals in Italy and assess underreporting, WPV annual rates, and attributes "before" (2016-2020) and "after" its implementation (November 2021 to 2022). During 2016-2020, incident reporting was based on procedures and data collection forms that were neither standardized between hospitals nor specific for aggressions. We planned and implemented a standardized WPV surveillance based on (1) an incident report form for immediate and systematic event notification, adopting international standards for violence definitions; (2) second-level root cause analysis with a dedicated psychologist, assessing violence determinants and impacts and offering psychological counseling; (3) a web-based platform for centralized data collection; and (4) periodic training for workforce coordinators and newly hired workers. We used data from incident reports to estimate underreporting, defined as an observed-to-expected (from literature and the "before" period) WPV ratio less than 1, and the 12-month WPV rates (per 100 HCWs) in the "before" and "after" periods. During the latter period, we separately estimated WPV rates for first and recurrent events. In the "before" period, the yearly observed-to-expected ratios were consistently below 1 and as low as 0.27, suggesting substantial violence underreporting of up to 73%. WPV annual rates declined in 1 hospital (from 1.92 in 2016 to 0.57 in 2020) and rose in the other (from 0.52 to 1.0), with the divergence being attributable to trends in underreporting. Available data were poorly informative to identify at-risk HCW subgroups. In the "after" period, the observed-to-expected ratio rose to 1.14 compared to literature and 1.91 compared to the "before" period, consistently in both hospitals. The 12-month WPV rate was 2.08 (95% CI 1.79-2.42; 1.52 and 2.35 in the 2 hospitals); one-fifth (0.41/2.08, 19.7%) was due to recurrences. Among HCWs, the youngest group (3.79; P<.001), nurses (3.19; P<.001), and male HCWs (2.62; P=.008) reported the highest rates. Emergency departments and psychiatric wards were the 2 areas at increased risk. Physical assaults were more likely in male than female HWCs (45/67, 67.2% vs 62/130, 47.7%; P=.01), but the latter experienced more mental health consequences (46/130, 35.4% vs 13/67, 19.4%; P=.02). Overall, 40.8% (53/130) of female HWCs recognized sociocultural (eg, linguistic or cultural) barriers as contributing factors for the aggression, and 30.8% (40/130) of WPV against female HCWs involved visitors as perpetrators. A systematic WPV surveillance reduced underreporting. The identification of high-risk workers and characterization of violence patterns and attributes can better inform priorities and contents of preventive policies. Our evaluation provides useful information for the large-scale implementation of standardized WPV-monitoring programs.

Challenges and recommendations for advancing respite care for families of children and youth with special health care needs: A qualitative exploration.

Caring for children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) is a significant undertaking for families. While respite care is intended to address this burden, demand continues to exceed supply. Exploring the perspectives of respite service providers (SPs) and stakeholders (SKs) provides unique insight into families' needs and respite care systems. We conducted semistructured interviews with 41 respite care SPs and SKs across four Canadian provinces to ascertain perspectives on current and ideal respite care for families of CYSHCN. The analysis included delineating units of meaning from the data, clustering units of meaning to form thematic statements and extracting themes. The second-level analysis involved applying themes and subthemes to cross-functional process maps. Participants noted the critical, but sometimes absent role of Community Service Workers, who have the ability to support families accessing and navigating respite care systems. SPs and SKs identified current respite systems as operating in crisis mode. New findings suggest an ideal respite care system would incorporate advocacy for families, empower families and value CYSHCN, their families and respite workers. The evidence of unmet respite care needs of families of CYSHCN across Canada has long been available. Our findings identifying respite system challenges and solutions can be used by funders and policymakers for planning and enhancing resources, and by healthcare professionals, respite care providers and SKs to understand barriers and take action to improve respite outcomes to meet the respite needs of all families and CYSHCN. The research team is composed of patients, researchers, clinicians and decision-makers along with our Family Advisory Committee (FAC) composed of members of families of CYSHNC. The FAC was formed and met regularly with research team members, knowledge users and collaborators throughout the study to provide input on design, review themes and ensure findings are translated and disseminated in a meaningful way.

Carbon Nano-Onions as Nanofillers for Enhancing the Damping Capacity of Titanium and Fiber-Reinforced Titanium: A Numerical Investigation

Improving the damping capacity of metal matrix composites is crucial, especially for applications in the aerospace industry where reliable performance against vibrations and shocks is mandatory. The main objective of the present study is the numerical prediction of the damping behavior of alpha titanium matrix nanocomposites reinforced with hollow carbon nano-onions at various volume fractions. According to the proposed numerical scheme, a structural transient analysis is implemented using the implicit finite element method (FEM). The metal matrix nanocomposites are modeled via the utilization of appropriate representative volume elements. To estimate the mechanical and damping behavior of the nanocomposite representative volume elements, axial sinusoidally time-varying loads are applied to them. The damping capacity of the metal matrix nanocomposites is then estimated by the arisen loss factor, or equivalently the tan delta, which is computed by the time delay between the input stress and output strain. The analysis shows that the loss factor of alpha titanium may be improved up to 60% at 100 Hz by adding 5 wt% carbon nano-onions. The numerical outcome regarding the dynamic properties of the carbon nano-onions/alpha titanium nanocomposites is used in a second-level analysis to numerically predict their damping performance when they are additionally reinforced with unidirectional carbon fibers, using corresponding representative volume elements and time-varying loadings along the effective direction. Good agreement between the proposed computational and other experimental predictions are observed regarding the stiffness behavior of the investigated metal matrix nanocomposites with respect to the mass fraction of the carbon-onion nanofillers in the titanium matrix.

Investigating the Validity and Reliability of the Mobile Application Rating Scale

The purpose of this study is to perform the validity and reliability study of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) for a mobile learning system that contains e-contents in different forms to improve digital parenting competencies for adults. This scale was prepared by Stoyanov et al. (2015) and adapted into Turkish for the e-pulse application by Korkmaz and Arıkan (2021). In this study, the scale items were rearranged in the context of the study to evaluate “digital parenting”. This scale aims to evaluate the application with four sub-dimensions of “participation, functionality, aesthetics, and knowledge”, and it has 21 items. The study was carried out with 181 participants. Considering the validity results of the scale, the model with the highest validity among the single-factor model, four-factor model, and second-level confirmatory factor analysis models was the four-factor model, as in the original scale. Factor loads vary between 0.55 and 0.91. Considering the reliability results, the average variance extracted for the participation dimension was 0.69, for functionality 0.78, for aesthetics 0.75, for knowledge dimension 0.63, and the average variance extracted for the whole scale was 0.70. In addition, alpha reliability (stratified alpha reliability) was 0.92 for participation, 0.94 for functionality, 0.92 for aesthetics, 0.92 for knowledge, and 0.97 for the whole scale. In the context of these findings, the validity and reliability values of the scale were high.

#4485 CLINICAL CASE OF MOSAICISM IN ADPKD PATIENT

Abstract Background and Aims Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) it's mainly characterized by renal involvement with progressive bilateral development of renal cysts and volumetric increase of the kidneys, responsible for the progressive loss of renal function that leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the need of renal replacement therapy. There are some cases (doubtful, uncertain) in which it is necessary to perform genetic testing to achieve a definitive diagnosis. It looks like in ADPKD patients, mosaicism could modulate the clinical course of the disease. Mosaicism is characterized by few cell populations with different genomes. In these special cases the diagnosis is very difficult and the genetic analysis could be an important and helpful tool. With this report, we want to highlight the importance of the use of several diagnostic methods in those ‘atypical’ cases where otherwise the analysis would have been negative from a first molecular approach. Method A 47 years old woman came to our attention with typical picture of ADPKD, arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease CKD (3b). She had no ADPKD family history, but since she had a son, genetic testing was performed. According to our workflow, first level analysis includes Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Second level analysis, performed to investigate other genes and large rearrangement, was based on Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) analysis of PKD1 and PKD2 genes, using Salsa MLPA ProbeMix P352 PKD1PKD2 kit and ProbeMix P351 PKD1 kit ©MRC Holland. Results NGS did not detect the presence of any genomic variants. Therefore, second-level genetic analysis (several approaches), showed a large deletion in heterozygosis of the portion comprising the 3-33 exons of PKD1 gene in mosaic in percentage close to the resolution limits of the used technique (25-30%). The same analysis was confirmed in another laboratory. Conclusion We concluded that the identified large deletion, without establishing the real borders due to MLPA technical restrictions, was present as mosaicism. The variant is not reported, but due to the type of mutation and the clinical picture of the patient, it is to be considered as likely pathogenic. A stepwise genetic approach might be useful in those cases where standard methods do not allow to reach a definitive diagnosis.

Translation and validation of music performance self-efficacy scale into Turkish

The Music Performance Self-Efficacy Scale (MPSES) is an important scale designed to reflect the four sources of self-efficacy of Bandura by Zelenak, and has been used in many studies of music education in the international literature in recent years. This study was carried out to ensure the validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of the MPSES. Participants ( N = 613) were students (men n = 291; women n = 322) in undergraduate-level music education programs in Turkey. The translation process included the following steps, which were performed by a translation group: (1) translation into Turkish, (2) back translation into English, and (3) cross-cultural adaptation. First and second-level confirmatory factor analysis results showed good model-data fit (for one main dimension and four sub-dimensions). Therefore, the Turkish version of MPSES produced satisfactory internal consistency coefficients (α = .75–.91). Additionally, t-test results and item-total score correlation coefficients also revealed that the items re distinctive. Accordingly, The Turkish version of MPSES is a valid and reliable tool for determining the sources of music performance self-efficacy for those who will do research in Turkish.

PD22-09 CENTRAL BLADDER PROPRIOCEPTION: ROBUST FINDINGS FROM SENSATION-DRIVEN FUNCTIONAL MRI STUDY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD22-09 CENTRAL BLADDER PROPRIOCEPTION: ROBUST FINDINGS FROM SENSATION-DRIVEN FUNCTIONAL MRI STUDY Anugrah Santoso, Stefan Sunaert, and Dirk De Ridder Anugrah SantosoAnugrah Santoso More articles by this author , Stefan SunaertStefan Sunaert More articles by this author , and Dirk De RidderDirk De Ridder More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003295.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Despite being long utilized to study the central control of bladder perception in response to repetitive bladder filling, the reliability and repeatability of functional MRI (fMRI) studies remain problematic. To our knowledge, most of the studies used a block design consisting of discrete epochs of on-off tasks. As proprioception of the bladder filling is immensely subjective, a desire to void event can only be indicated by the participant. In this pilot study, we aim to evaluate the brain response to even-related bladder filling fMRI paradigm. METHODS: Seven healthy female subjects with mean age 30.1 years were included. Ethical approval was obtained. All subjects underwent a baseline urodynamic study and the catheters were maintained for the subsequent MRI session. We used a 3 Tesla scanner with an in-bore screen and response buttons. Each fMRI session lasted 8.5 minutes and was repeated 2-4 times, depending on the subjects’ coping ability with the task. The paradigm consisted of repetitive bladder filling (60ml/minute) until first desire (FD) and strong desire (SD) was indicated, followed by a plateau (5 seconds) and withdrawal of 30 seconds (30ml). To prevent constant engagement of the viscerosensory cortex, a diversion visuomotor task was presented to which the subjects had to respond with the button press. All responses were recorded with Psychopy and further incorporated in data analysis. MRI preprocessing was done with fMRIPrep pipeline (version 20.2.6). SPM12 was used to smooth the data with a 6mm Gaussian filter and to analyse them. A General Linear Model was used to model the FD, SD and distraction tasks as events. Second-level mixed effect analysis was then performed for the 3 event-contrasts and significance was set to cluster level p<0.05 false discovery rate correction. RESULTS: On average subjects indicated FD 3.75 times and SD 4.71 times. The distraction task occurred on average 23.47 times. Figure 1 depicts the brain regions that show stronger mean activation during FD and SD from 7 subjects, including insula, thalamus, cerebellum, pontine micturition center, supplementary motor area and anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Here we designed a sensation-driven fMRI paradigm that enables evaluation of bladder proprioception during FD and SD. The results were robust despite small number of subjects. Source of Funding: Departmental Funding © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e667 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anugrah Santoso More articles by this author Stefan Sunaert More articles by this author Dirk De Ridder More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Application of Multivariate Video Analysis in English Teaching Effect Evaluation Based on Computational Neural Model Simulation

Video observation and content analysis are used to make a "quantitative-qualitative" analysis of English teachers' teaching behavior reflected in English classroom teaching videos, and to accurately describe, analyze, and summarize the characteristics of English teachers' teaching behavior from various aspects. Based on this, this study uses video analysis methods and NVivo 11 qualitative analysis tools to import quantitative data obtained from teaching video content into Excel tables for statistical analysis, objectively describe the rules and characteristics of junior high school English teachers' teaching effects, and then put forward suggestions to optimize teaching effects and strategies and suggestions to promote English classroom development. This paper establishes a video analysis and evaluation model. First, calculate the weights required by the model, then calculate the relationship matrix, and then calculate the second-level video analysis and evaluation. Using the second-level weight and relationship matrix, the teacher's evaluation value will be obtained.

Facilitators and barriers to implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in public South African hospitals.

The South African National Department of Health released guidelines and recommendations for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs to be established in public healthcare facilities. Their implementation remains challenged, especially in North West Province, where the public health system functions under severe strain. This research explored and interpreted the facilitators that strengthen and barriers that hinder the implementation of the national AMS program in public hospitals in North West Province. A qualitative design and interpretive descriptive approach enabled insight into the realities of AMS program implementation. Public hospitals in North West Province, sampled through criterion sampling (n = 5). Purposive criterion sampling of healthcare practitioners (n = 30) actively participating in AMS programs in the 5 sampled public hospitals. Qualitative, interpretive description with semi-structured individual interviews that were digitally recorded and transcribed. The ATLAS.ti version 8 software facilitated content analysis, followed by second-level analysis. In total, 4 themes, 13 categories, and 25 subcategories emerged. We detected dissonance between government AMS ideals and the realities of AMS program implementation in public hospitals. A multilevel AMS leadership and governance vacuum exists in a dysfunctional health ecosystem in which AMS must operate. Healthcare practitioners agreed on the importance of AMS despite different understandings of AMS and ineffective multidisciplinary teams. Discipline-specific education and training are essential for all AMS participants. AMS is essential yet complex, and its contextualization and implementation are underestimated in public hospitals. Recommendations are focused on a supportive organizational culture, contextualized AMS program implementation plans, and changes in management.

Music Therapists’ Experiences of Therapeutic Relationships with Clients with Marginalized Gender Identities and Sexual Orientations

Abstract This phenomenological inquiry investigated the ways in which music therapists perceive and discuss their music therapy relationships (MTRs) with people with marginalized gender identities and sexual orientations. Five participants completed semi-structured interviews that were transcribed and analyzed with reflexive emphasis on member checking and data triangulation. First-level analysis utilized values coding and second-level analysis refined values themes to distill individual participant essences (Saldaña, 2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE). Subsequent horizontalization across participants was then used to discern collective participant essences (Saldaña, 2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE). Critical feminist, queer, disability, anti-oppressive, and humanist theory lenses shaped the foundation and perception of the project with particular attention to intersectionality, intersubjectivity, and power dynamics in relationships. Findings included commentary on MT/client identities and balance in relationships; contextual influences on MT processes; necessity of cultural humility (CH) and cultural sustainability (CS) and respect for identity complexity; and the role of implicit/explicit communication in MTRs. Crucially, participants and the researcher endorse a non-clinical view of people with marginalized gender identities and sexual orientations, and the researcher urges introspection regarding identity, supervision, and the space that MTs and clients occupy within the MTR construct. Discussion, recommendations for future research and applications to MT theory, research, and practice are provided.

Attenuated effective connectivity of large-scale brain networks in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Understanding the neurological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is important for the diagnosis and treatment of this mental disorder. Emerging evidence has suggested aberrant functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks in individuals with ASD. However, whether the effective connectivity which measures the causal interactions of these networks is also impaired in these patients remains unclear. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effective connectivity of large-scale brain networks in patients with ASD during resting state. The subjects were 42 autistic children and 127 age-matched normal children from the ABIDE II dataset. We investigated effective connectivity of 7 large-scale brain networks including visual network (VN), default mode network (DMN), cerebellum, sensorimotor network (SMN), auditory network (AN), salience network (SN), frontoparietal network (FPN), with spectral dynamic causality model (spDCM). Parametric empirical Bayesian (PEB) was used to perform second-level group analysis and furnished group commonalities and differences in effective connectivity. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between the strength of effective connectivity and patients' clinical characteristics. For both groups, SMN acted like a hub network which demonstrated dense effective connectivity with other large-scale brain network. We also observed significant causal interactions within the "triple networks" system, including DMN, SN and FPN. Compared with healthy controls, children with ASD showed decreased effective connectivity among some large-scale brain networks. These brain networks included VN, DMN, cerebellum, SMN, and FPN. In addition, we also found significant negative correlation between the strength of the effective connectivity from right angular gyrus (ANG_R) of DMN to left precentral gyrus (PreCG_L) of SMN and ADOS-G or ADOS-2 module 4 stereotyped behaviors and restricted interest total (ADOS_G_STEREO_BEHAV) scores. Our research provides new evidence for the pathogenesis of children with ASD from the perspective of effective connections within and between large-scale brain networks. The attenuated effective connectivity of brain networks may be a clinical neurobiological feature of ASD. Changes in effective connectivity of brain network in children with ASD may provide useful information for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Recent Research Trends in Arabic-Oriented Radio and TV Channels: An Analytical Review

The current study investigated the most significant scientific research conducted in this field in both Arabic and English to provide an integrated view of contemporary research trends in Arabic radio/channels and to identify the findings of prior studies. In Arabic, between 2013 to 2021, the researcher conducted a second-level qualitative analysis process on several research papers and studies, totaling 88 research papers.Compared to oriented channels, the analysis of radio-targeted discourse has been the subject of a relatively small number of studies, and even in the most recent studies, the radio-targeted discourse has been regarded as a historical narrative. Youth represented the most significant percentage of the target audience for research-oriented radios and channels, followed by adolescents. Despite an increase in the Arab school's contributions to the research of oriented radios and channels and its desire to identify the image of Arab countries' issues and crises in Western media, no studies were conducted. Future studies should focus on examining how to present a correct media image or correct the false image that has been presented.

Modulation of Motor Cortex Activity After Intrathecal Baclofen Delivery in Chronic Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury.

ObjectivesIntrathecal baclofen (ITB) is commonly used for reduction of spasticity in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Its clinical effect is well-known; however, exact mechanisms of long-term effect of continuous ITB administration (cITBa) on modulation of cortical processes have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in motor cortex activation for healthy upper limbs in comparison to impaired lower limbs by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodsTen subjects (eight males, 20–69 years) with thoracic SCI presenting no voluntary movements of lower limbs (except one) were enrolled in the fMRI study. fMRI at 1.5T with a finger tapping paradigm and mental movement simulating foot flexion on the dominant side were performed before, 3 months, and 1 year after start of cITBa. fMRI data processing was carried out using FMRI Expert Analysis Tool (FEAT), part of FSL. A second-level analysis was carried out using FLAME stages 1 and 2. The level of spasticity was assessed with the Modified Ashworth scale (MAS).ResultsContinuous ITB significantly decreased limb spasticity in all the subjects (group MAS spasticity dropped from 3 to 0.3). The second-level analysis (Z > 1.6, cluster significance threshold p =0.05) revealed increased activation of the primary sensorimotor cortex of the foot between baseline and 3 months, and 3 months and 1 year.ConclusionIncreased sensorimotor cortex activation with spasticity reduction after cITBa may reflect distant functional reorganization because of long-term mediated neuroplastic changes in the sensorimotor cortex. Better understanding of modulation of brain function in SCI after cITBa may influence the field of neurorehabilitation.

Development of Number Sense Test for Eighth-Grade Students: A Validity and Reliability Study

The aim of this study was to develop a test for determining the number sense performance of eighth-grade students. This study was conducted with 405 eighth-grade students. The SPSS 17.0 and LISREL 8.8 software were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed by using the item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha reliability tests. As a result of the analyzes, the number sense test was developed, which consists of 38 multiple-choice items and six number sense components and can explain 48.5% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients of the number sense test and its sub-components were found to be between 0.72 and 0.82, and the item-total correlations were between 0.30 and 0.47. The first and second-level confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed that the number sense test consisted of six components and that the established models fit well. As a result of this study, it was determined that the number sense test is a valid and reliable measurement tool in determining the number sense performance of eighth-grade students.