Second Highest Cause Of Death Research Articles

Prostate Segmentation in MRI Images using Transfer Learning based Mask RCNN.

The second highest cause of death among males is Prostate Cancer (PCa) in America. Over the globe, it's the usual case in men, and the annual PCa ratio is very surprising. Identical to other prognosis and diagnostic medical systems, deep learning-based automated recognition and detection systems (i.e., Computer Aided Detection (CAD) systems) have gained enormous attention in PCA. These paradigms have attained promising results with a high segmentation, detection, and classification accuracy ratio. Numerous researchers claimed efficient results from deep learning-based approaches compared to other ordinary systems that utilized pathological samples. This research is intended to perform prostate segmentation using transfer learning-based Mask R-CNN, which is consequently helpful in prostate cancer detection. Lastly, limitations in current work, research findings, and prospects have been discussed.

Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy to Increase Muscle Strength in the Elderly with Post-Non Hemorrhagic Stroke at Adiwerna Tegal

Background: Stroke is the second highest cause of death in the world and the highest cause of disability in the world. The 2018 RISKESDAS results showed that the prevalence of stroke cases in Indonesia was 10.9%. Stroke has a lot of impact on patients and their families. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy is one of the therapies that can be used to increase the muscle strength of the elderly after a non-hemorrhagic stroke by relaxing and tensing the body’s muscles. Purpose: The study aimed to apply progressive muscle relaxation therapy to increase muscle strength in the elderly after a non-hemorrhagic stroke. Method: The study was descriptive research with a case study approach. The subjects were the elderly after a non-hemorrhagic stroke. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, physical examinations, and documentation studies. Result: Before applying the therapy, the patients’ muscle strength value was 3; the patients’ hand grip was weak. After doing the therapy for 3 days, the patients’ muscle strength was still 3, but the patients’ hand grip felt tight. Conclusion: The elderly people after non-hemorrhagic stroke are recommended to do progressive muscle relaxation therapy once a day with a duration of 15-20 minutes to stimulate the muscles so that it can increase their muscle strength.

Revolutionizing prostate cancer diagnosis: Unleashing the potential of an optimized deep belief network for accurate Gleason grading in histological images

PC (Prostate Cancer) is the second highest cause of death due to cancer in men globally. Proper detection and treatment are critical for halting or controlling the growth and spread of cancer cells within the human organism. However, evaluating these sorts of images is difficult and time-consuming, requiring histopathological image recognition as the most reliable method for treating PC because of its distinct visual characteristics. Risk evaluation and treatment planning rely heavily on histological image-based Gleason grading of prostate tumors. This work introduces an innovative approach to histological image analysis for prostate cancer diagnosis and Gleason grading. The Elephant Herding Optimization-based Hyper-parameter Convolutional Deep Belief Network (CDBN-EHO) is presented alongside a grading network head-optimized deep belief network technique for multi-task prediction. Leveraging an effective Bayesian inference method, fully linked Conditional Random Field (CRF) techniques are utilized for segmentation, with pairwise boundary capacities determined by a linear mixture of Gaussian kernels. The multi-task approach aims to enhance performance by incorporating contextual information, leading to breakthrough results in the identification of epithelial cells and the grading of Gleason scores. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimized deep belief network technique in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency for prostate cancer diagnosis and Gleason grading in histological images.

Therapeutic gene delivery by mesenchymal stem cell for brain ischemia damage: Focus on molecular mechanisms in ischemic stroke.

Cerebral ischemic damage is prevalent and the second highest cause of death globally across patient populations; it is as a substantial reason of morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have garnered significant interest as a potential treatment for cerebral ischemic damage, as shown in ischemic stroke, because of their potent intrinsic features, which include self-regeneration, immunomodulation, and multi-potency. Additionally, MSCs are easily obtained, isolated, and cultured. Despite this, there are a number of obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of MSC-based treatment, such as adverse microenvironmental conditions both in vivo and in vitro. To overcome these obstacles, the naïve MSC has undergone a number of modification processes to enhance its innate therapeutic qualities. Genetic modification and preconditioning modification (with medications, growth factors, and other substances) are the two main categories into which these modification techniques can be separated. This field has advanced significantly and is still attracting attention and innovation. We examine these cutting-edge methods for preserving and even improving the natural biological functions and therapeutic potential of MSCs in relation to adhesion, migration, homing to the target site, survival, and delayed premature senescence. We address the use of genetically altered MSC in stroke-induced damage. Future strategies for improving the therapeutic result and addressing the difficulties associated with MSC modification are also discussed.

Comparing the current short-term cancer incidence prediction models in Brazil with state-of-the-art time-series models.

The World Health Organization has highlighted that cancer was the second-highest cause of death in 2019. This research aims to present the current forecasting techniques found in the literature, applied to predict time-series cancer incidence and then, compare these results with the current methodology adopted by the Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) in Brazil. A set of univariate time-series approaches is proposed to aid decision-makers in monitoring and organizing cancer prevention and control actions. Additionally, this can guide oncological research towards more accurate estimates that align with the expected demand. Forecasting techniques were applied to real data from seven types of cancer in a Brazilian district. Each method was evaluated by comparing its fit with real data using the root mean square error, and we also assessed the quality of noise to identify biased models. Notably, three methods proposed in this research have never been applied to cancer prediction before. The data were collected from the INCA website, and the forecast methods were implemented using the R language. Conducting a literature review, it was possible to draw comparisons previous works worldwide to illustrate that cancer prediction is often focused on breast and lung cancers, typically utilizing a limited number of time-series models to find the best fit for each case. Additionally, in comparison to the current method applied in Brazil, it has been shown that employing more generalized forecast techniques can provide more reliable predictions. By evaluating the noise in the current method, this research shown that the existing prediction model is biased toward two of the studied cancers Comparing error results between the mentioned approaches and the current technique, it has been shown that the current method applied by INCA underperforms in six out of seven types of cancer tested. Moreover, this research identified that the current method can produce a biased prediction for two of the seven cancers evaluated. Therefore, it is suggested that the methods evaluated in this work should be integrated into the INCA cancer forecast methodology to provide reliable predictions for Brazilian healthcare professionals, decision-makers, and oncological researchers.

Edukasi Program Latihan Fisioterapi Pada Penderita Stroke Di Posyandu Lansia Desa Sanggung

One of the health problems is stroke. Stroke is a disease affecting the body's movement and functional systems which is the main factor in neurological disorders. Stroke is the second highest cause of death and the third leading cause of disability at world level. Stroke can affect the whole body such as paralysis, impaired cognitive function, difficulty speaking, emotional difficulties, pain and problems in daily life activities. Posyandu Ngudi Saras is one of the posyandu for the elderly in Sanggung Village. There is a shortage of physiotherapists in this place, which is one of the obstacles faced by residents in Sanggung Village. Apart from that, there is a lack of education about physiotherapy exercise programs, especially for stroke sufferers. This can be seen from the patient not continuing the exercise program at home so that his condition worsens and when carrying out activities he depends on other people. Based on these problems, we offer a solution by providing education about physiotherapy exercise programs from sitting to standing and from standing to walking to patients and families. This physiotherapy exercise program is useful for increasing the patient's independence in carrying out activities, especially when walking and standing. Activities are carried out door to door in the homes of stroke sufferers and with an interpersonal approach. Community service through this form of educational activity has been carried out and can increase the knowledge of stroke sufferers and their families.

Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer Incidence at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the cervical region at the end of the cervix. Based on data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), it is known that the second highest cause of death is cervical cancer, reaching 460,000 cases and 230,000 women deaths. Cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection and several factors, namely age, parity, age of first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners history, HPV vaccination history, smoking history, and oral contraceptives history. To determine the risk factors for cervical cancer incidence at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar. This was descriptive retrospective study method. With cross sectional research design. The total sample was 68 people with cervical cancer at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar. The distribution of age 30-60 years (85.3%), parity >3 (57.4%), and age of first sexual intercourse >17 years (85.3%). There was no history of using oral contraceptives (54.4%), HPV vaccination history (97.1%), and smoking history (98.5%). Having only 1 history of number of sexual partners (89.7%), employment history was not out of town (63.2%), and the most common type of cervical cancer was squamous cell carcinoma (76.5%). The distribution of risk factors for the incidence of Cervical Cancer at Ibnu Sina Hospital was mostly found at the age of 30-60 years, parity> 3, age of first sexual intercourse >17 years, no history of using oral contraceptives, no HPV vaccination history, no smoking history, having 1 history of sexual partners, work history not out of town, and the type of cervical cancer is squamous cell carcinoma.

Effect of climate change on road traffic accidents in the UAE: a narrative review

Road traffic accidents (RTA) is a major cause of death and disability all over the world. It is the leading cause of death in children and young adults aged 5-29 years. Worldwide, it is a growing public health concern as, approximately, 1.3 million people die every year due to RTA. It is also taxing on a country’s GDP as at least 3% of the GDP is spent on RTA’s annually. In 2020, there were 3.14 deaths per 100,000 in the UAE and this number increased by 20% in 2021. It also happens to be the second highest cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. There are many factors like speeding, driving under the influence, distracted driving, nonuse of seatbelts etc. which can cause accidents. Weather phenomenon is an overlooked factor which can cause an increase in the number of RTAs. Climate change has resulted in a global increase of temperature and an increase in weird weather phenomenon like increased rainfall, fog, smog, snowfall etc. Very limited studies have been conducted to see the relationship between the two and none have been conducted in the UAE. This review was done based on articles selected from PubMed and SpringerLink, to see whether the results could be applicable in this region. In countries like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, increased rainfall and fog has resulted in an increase in the number of fatal accidents whereas in the USA, it was observed that the warmer temperatures have resulted in a higher number of fatal accidents. Hence, there is a need to assess the impact of climate change on RTA.

Anticancer activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane, and the ethyl acetate fraction of tin leaves (Ficus carica l.) on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines

Background: Breast cancer is ranked as the second-highest cause of death in Indonesia. Many of the available cancer treatments result in severe adverse effects for patients. Tin (Ficus carica L.) leaves contain ingredients that can function as anticancer agents. Objective: The study aims to identify phytochemical secondary metabolites in tin leaves and the cytotoxic activity of the extract and tin leaf fraction on MCF-7 cells. Method: Tin leaf powder was macerated with 70% ethanol for 7 days. The extracts were fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. An identification test with ethanol extract was then carried out using spray reagents. The cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction of tin leaf was determined using the MTT method. Result: The results of the identification with TLC found that the ethanol extract of tin leaves contains flavonoids and steroids. The ethyl acetate fraction of tin leaf was thought to have weak cytotoxic properties with an IC50 value of 274.5877 ug/mL while the ethanol extract and n-heksan fraction of tin leaf do not have cytotoxic properties because they have an IC50 value of 562.827 and 576.3552 ug/mL. Conclusion: Based on the results, tin leaves have the potency to be developed as a chemopreventive agent for MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Keywords: Breast Cancer, MCF-7 cells, tin leaf (Ficus carica), cytotoxic activity

Penerapan Data Mining dalam Analisis Prediksi Kanker Paru Menggunakan Algoritma Random Forest

Cancer is the second highest cause of death in the world. In Indonesia, it is a disease with a high mortality rate. Most patients do not realize that they have lung cancer thus the treatment is sometimes too late. A prediction method with a high degree of accuracy is needed to detect lung cancer earlier. Previous research used data mining calcification methods with the Naïve Bayes algorithm to predict lung cancer. This research resulted in high recall values for the positive class (Yes class) but low for the negative class (No class). This research was made using the Random Forest algorithm which is known to have good performance. The modeling is optimized by applying the K-fold Cross Validation technique. The Random Forest algorithm produces a higher Accuracy value than the Naïve Bayes algorithm, which is 98.4%. This algorithm produces 100% Recall for the positive class, 80% for the negative class and provides a 100% correct prediction as can be seen from the AUC value of 1. Although a statistical test with a significance level of 5% shows the results of the two algorithms are not significantly different.

Quercetin induced HepG2 cells apoptosis through ATM/JNK/STAT3 signaling pathways

Liver cancer is the seventh most common malignant tumor in the world and is the second highest cause of death due to cancer. Quercetin, a flavonoid with low toxicity, widely exists in various fruits and vegetables. It has the potential to be a therapeutic agent against various cancers. This study aimed to demonstrate the anti-tumor effect of quercetin on HepG2 cells. Quercetin suppressed the HepG2 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in cell viability assay. Induction of cell apoptosis was confirmed by apoptotic cells population (sub-G1 peak) detected by flow cytometer. A decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 activation were also demonstrated in this study. Furthermore, quercetin induced HepG2 cell apoptosis through ROS-mediated phosphorylated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, c-Jun Nterminal kinases, signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3), and Bax signaling pathways. These results suggest that quercetin has the potential to become an effective drug against the tumor.

Modification and Functionalization of Polymers for Targeting to Bone Cancer and Bone Regeneration.

Bone is one of the most complex, inaccessible body structures, responsible for calcium storage and haematopoiesis. The second highest cause of death across the world is cancer. Amongst all the types of cancers, bone cancer treatment modalities are limited due to the structural complexity and inaccessibility of bones. The worldwide incidence of bone diseases and bone defects due to cancer, infection, trauma, age-related bone degeneration is increasing. Currently different conventional therapies are available for bone cancer such as chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy, but they have several disadvantages associated with them. Nanomedicine is being extensively researched as viable therapeutics to mitigate drug resistance in cancer therapy and promote bone regeneration. Several natural polymers such as chitosan, dextran, alginate, hyaluronic acid, and synthetic polymers like polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), polycaprolactone are investigated for their application in nanomedicine for bone cancer treatment and bone regeneration. Nanocarriers have shown promising results in preclinical experimental studies. However, they still face a major drawback of inadequate targetability. The paper summarizes the status of research and the progress made so far in modifications and functionalization of natural polymers for improving their site specificity and targeting for effective treatment of bone cancer and enhancing bone regeneration.

Epidemiological factors associated with helminths and coccidia in zebu calves under pastoralism in Isiolo County Kenya

In Kenya, helminthosis and coccidia infections in cattle, are the second highest cause of death in zebu calves up to 12 months old, estimated at 12% mortality rate. The aim of our study was to investigate the factors associated with helminth and coccidia infection among zebu beef calves in Isiolo County Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November and December on 2020 in Isiolo North and South Constituencies. Garbatulla and Burat wards in Isiolo North and Kinna in Isiolo South were purposively selected due to high number of large cattle herds compared to other areas. A total of 411 calves from 34 herds aged between 3 weeks and 12 months were randomly selected for the study. Calf level and management and environmental data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires, observations and physically. Faecal samples were obtained from the rectum or immediately after defaecation for laboratory analysis located in Kinna Ward in Isiolo South Constituency. In the laboratory, faecal egg counts were estimated using the McMaster faecal floatation technique. Descriptive, univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out with outcome as parasites eggs or oocysts per gram of faecal sample. The factors associated with coccidia infections in the final multivariable logistic regression analysis for coccidia were: Location (Constituencies), availability of drinking water, lush pasture, floor condition, availability of extension services and herd size. In the multivariable logistic regression final model for strongyle infection, age of the calf, herd size, co-infestation with other parasites, and availability of extension services were significant. The results of this study indicated that prevalence of helminth and coccidia infections in calves is high and the calf, environmental and management factors were associated with such infections.

The occurrence of helminths and coccidia in zebu calves among pastoralists in Isiolo County Kenya

In Kenya, helminthosis and coccidiosis in cattle, is reported to be the second highest cause of death in zebu calves up to 12 months old, estimated at 12% mortality rate. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth and coccidia infections among zebu calves in Isiolo County in Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted in between November and December, 2020 in Isiolo North and South Constituencies. Garbatulla and Burat Wards in Isiolo North and Kinna Ward in Isiolo South were purposively selected due to high number of large cattle herds compared to other areas. A total of 411 calves from 34 cattle herds aged between 3 weeks and 12 months were randomly selected for the study. Faecal samples were obtained from the rectum or immediately after defaecation for laboratory analysis, in a veterinary laboratory located in Kinna Ward in Isiolo south Constituency that is virtually meant for research. Faecal egg counts and coccidian oocyst were identified and estimated using the McMaster faecal floatation technique. The prevalence was determined by dividing positive number by the total number tested and the converted to percentage form. The overall prevalence of helminth and coccidia infections was estimated at 66.9% (275/411). Concurrent helminth and coccidia prevalence were slightly low, estimated at 16.5% (68/411). Coccidia infection was the most prevalent type of infection estimated at 45.7% (188/411) while the prevalence of helminths was 38.4% (158/411). Strongyle infection was predominant among other helminths detected with a prevalence of 29.4% (121/411) followed by Strongyloides 6.5% (27/411), Monezia 2.7% (4/411), Toxocara 1% (4/411) and Trichuris 0.2% (1/411). The results of this study indicated that prevalence of helminth and coccidia infections in calves is high dominated by strongyles and coccidia.

13 CANCER-ASSOCIATED THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOCYTOSIS: THE EDOXABAN SOLUTION.

Abstract Introduction TEV is the second highest cause of death in malignancy with 20% incidence. Platelets is a leading mediator of thrombosis as well as of tumor development. Indeed, thrombocytosis is a predictive biomarker of thrombosis risk and contributes to CAT burden. However, the management of thrombocytopenia in patients with CAT is well investigated, whereas evidence is poor on the management of patients with concomitant occurrence of thrombocytosis and CAT. Case report A 67 y-o woman, in primary thromboprophylaxis with 100 mg/die aspirin for myeloproliferative syndrome (PC: 771 x103/µl), was treated with left mastectomy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma (G3 pT1cN1a Mx Ki67:25%) and adjuvant chemotherapy with anthracyclines and anastrozole. Due to bone metastases, zoledronic acid, fulvestrant and palbociclib were administrated. For liver metastases, she was treated with exemestane, paclitaxel and bevacizumab and for disease progression, started capecitabine and cyclophosphamide, still ongoing. She experienced left jugular vein thrombosis (Fig 1-2) treated with edoxaban 60 mg/die with an almost total DVT regression after 2 months. The multidisciplinary team (oncologist, cardiologist, hematologist) decided to interrupt aspirin, proceeding antithrombotic therapy with edoxaban full dose. Concomitant cytoreductive therapy with hydroxyurea was started concomitantly with edoxaban. PC was reduced (522 x103/µl). After 1-month follow-up duplex ultrasound still documented mild persistence of the DVT (Fig 3-4), the patient was compliant and the anticancer regimens (addressed to both the solid cancer and the hematologic disease) were still administrated without any adverse effects. Conclusions CAT is a frequent and major complication of malignancy, worsening mortality, morbidity and decision-making. Platelets play a central role in promoting the hypercoagulable melieu of cancer as well as the metastases growth. Notably, thrombocytosis occurrence further increases the thrombogenic burden in malignancy; nevertheless, its concomitant development together with CAT is understudied. In the reported case, a solid tumor, together with hematologic cancer and DVT, concurred to a difficult management of a patient admitted to our multidisciplinary team. The use of a DOAC, edoxaban, at full dose, without concomitant therapy with aspirin, was an effective, safe and manageable antithrombotic treatment option, allowing the continuation of anticancer agents with no interruptions or delays. The knowledge of tumor-specific pathways may help to personalize strategies for CAT prevention. Fig 1-2 Fig 3-4

Current innovations in medical laboratory diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem, ranking as the second highest cause of death from an infectious disease globally, after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nigeria ranked first in Africa with burden of TB. Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Nigeria with about 407,000 people infected. The World Health Organization estimates that 120,000 people developed TB in 2019, with 154,000 death of whom, 13% were HIV positive individuals. Among the incident cases, 56% were from the South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions and one quarter were from Africa. The African continent accounts for the highest rates of cases and deaths relative to population. Traditionally, tuberculosis is mostly being diagnosed by a combination of chest X-rays, the staining of sputum with special dyes followed by microscopy, the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture and the Mantoux test. The sputum smear microscopy is easy to do and is very cheap and combined with chest X-rays has been used for a long time by TB control agencies worldwide. However, the sputum smear microscopy (sputum AFB) test has some problems in HIV-positive patients and children also in patients with low bacterial load and in latent TB infections. TB continues to be a complex disease to diagnose and manage due to the chronicity of the disease, the nature of the host-pathogen relationship, and the resulting diversity in its clinical manifestations. Therefore, this review considers recent innovations in TB laboratory diagnosis in conventional (traditional), non- conventional (molecular), serological (immunological) methods and the latest methods of TB diagnosis.

A malaria knowledge, attitudes and practice survey in a rural community in Guinea

BackgroundMalaria is the top public health problem in the Republic of Guinea, with more than 4 million cases and 10,000 deaths in 2021 among a population of approximately 13 million. It is also the second highest cause of death there. The purpose of this quantitative survey in a rural area of Guinea was to understand knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about malaria and to assess water and sanitation practices among community members.MethodsIn 2016, the authors conducted a cross-sectional household survey in Timbi-Touni, Guinea using community workers. The survey included respondent demographic characteristics, malaria knowledge, child health, water and sanitation, and health services access. Malaria knowledge and sleeping under bed nets were the primary outcome variables and multiple logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios.ResultsMajority of the respondents were women (89.41%) and had never been to school (71.18%). Slightly more than half the children were reported to have ever had malaria and 45% reported to have ever had diarrhoea. There was no statistically significant association between gender or level of education and malaria knowledge. Eighty six percent of respondents had received a free bed net during national campaigns and 61% slept under a bed net the night before the survey. Knowing mosquitoes to be the cause of malaria and receiving free bed net were significantly associated with sleeping under a bed net. There was no statistically significant association between drinking water source and malaria or diarrhoea.ConclusionsBoth malaria and diarrhoea were considered to be serious illnesses for adults and children by nearly all respondents. Receiving free bed nets and having correct knowledge about malaria were the greatest predictors of sleeping under a bed net. Insights from this detailed KAP survey—such as focusing on radio to transmit malaria prevention information and reinforcing free malaria treatments—can guide policy makers and practitioners who design and implement malaria control and prevention measures in Guinea.

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke: Novel insight into the crosstalk with immune cells.

Stroke, a cerebrovascular accident, is prevalent and the second highest cause of death globally across patient populations; it is as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is emerging as a promising treatment for alleviating neurological deficits, as indicated by a great number of animal and clinical studies. The potential of regulating the immune system is currently being explored as a therapeutic target after ischemic stroke. This study will discuss recent evidence that MSCs can harness the immune system by interacting with immune cells to boost neurologic recovery effectively. Moreover, a notion will be given to MSCs participating in multiple pathological processes, such as increasing cell survival angiogenesis and suppressing cell apoptosis and autophagy in several phases of ischemic stroke, consequently promoting neurological function recovery. We will conclude the review by highlighting the clinical opportunities for MSCs by reviewing the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MSCs therapy.

Therapeutic strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage.

Stroke is the second highest cause of death globally, with an increasing incidence in developing countries. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10-15% of all strokes. ICH is associated with poor neurological outcomes and high mortality due to the combination of primary and secondary injury. Fortunately, experimental therapies are available that may improve functional outcomes in patients with ICH. These therapies targeting secondary brain injury have attracted substantial attention in their translational potential. Here, we summarize recent advances in therapeutic strategies and directions for ICH and discuss the barriers and issues that need to be overcome to improve ICH prognosis.

A Review on Therapeutic Potential of Natural Phytocompounds for Stroke.

Stroke is a serious condition that results from an occlusion of blood vessels that leads to brain damage. Globally, it is the second highest cause of death, and deaths from strokes are higher in older people than in the young. There is a higher rate of cases in urban areas compared to rural due to lifestyle, food, and pollution. There is no effective single medicine for the treatment of stroke due to the multiple causes of strokes. Thrombolytic agents, such as alteplase, are the main treatment for thrombolysis, while multiple types of surgeries, such ascraniotomy, thrombectomy, carotid endarterectomy, and hydrocephalus, can be performed for various forms of stroke. In this review, we discuss some promising phytocompounds, such as flavone C-glycoside (apigenin-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside), eriodictyol, rosamirinic acid, 6″-O-succinylapigenin, and allicin, that show effectiveness against stroke. Future study paths are given, as well as suggestions for expanding the use of medicinal plants and their formulations for stroke prevention.