Second Day Of Menstrual Cycle Research Articles

The effect of Dioscorea esculenta powder on prostaglandin E2 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 levels, menstrual pain, and premenstrual syndrome in young women: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.

Background Diosgenin, extracted from Dioscorea esculenta, has been reported to decrease prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and any other inflammatory cytokine in rodents. However, it is still unclear whether D. esculenta intake suppressed PGE2 production and menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in younger female. Aim This study aims to investigate the effect of D. esculenta intake on PGE2 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COX-2) levels and on menstrual pain and PMS in young women. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Methods Ten healthy young females were administered either a placebo or D. esculenta (300 mg/day) for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period. Fasting blood sample was taken from the fingertips on the second day of menstrual cycle began and obtained 24h before the last D. esculenta to avoid acute effects. Participants then switched treatments for 4 weeks as a second trial. Plasma PGE2 and COX-2 levels were measured before and after each trial. The visual analogue scale (VAS), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), and Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) were also evaluated. The study was set and conducted from 2019 to 2020. Results PGE2 and COX-2 levels significantly decreased after D. esculenta intake compared to placebo (p = 0.038, p = 0.042 each). The VAS and DRSP scores were also significantly lower after D. esculenta intake (p = 0.046, p = 0.035 each). Conclusion Four-week D. esculenta intake suppressed PGE2 and COX-2 levels resulting in an improvement in PMS symptoms and menstrual pain in young women.

Effect of Lumbar Spinal Mobilization on Primary Dysmenorrhea Among University Students

Background: Lumbar spine mobilization provides a bodily inducement that affects one or more of the joint mechanoreceptors, muscle spindle systems, or Golgi tendon organs, resulting in reduced muscle tone and decreased pain. As primary dysmenorrhea is one of the common problems among half of adolescent girls and it is one of the reason for female’s absenteeism in class or work. All over the world, many studies have concluded the signs and symptoms of dysmenorrhea such as pain and mood swing. Hence, this investigation is used to catch on the effect of using non-pharmacology management to alleviate the pain for females suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. Objective: This study intention is to find out the effect of lumbar spinal mobilization on primary dysmenorrhea among university students. Methods: A quantitative, quasi-experimental research design with pre and post-test was used in this study. 20 subjects who met the inclusion criteria and aged between 18 to 26 were included and dispensed into two groups. Participants in Group A (n=10) were given LSM and hot pack whereas those in Group B (n=10) were only provided with hot pack. Treatment was commenced on the second day of menstrual cycle. Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) was collected before and after the treatment. Results: Data was analysed by using SPSS version 26. Parametric paired ‘t’ and unpaired ‘t’ tests were used to analyse the data. Paired ‘t’ test was used to analyse the data with each group while unpaired ‘t’ test was to analyse the data between two groups. Both group A and B have shown a significant reduction in NPRS score (p< 0.001). However, when comparing the two groups, unpaired ‘t’ test exhibited no significant differences (p>0.05). Conclusion: In closure, lumbar spinal mobilization had proven no significant effect for university students who suffered from primary dysmenorrhea. KEYWORDS: Hot Pack, Lumbar Spinal Mobilization, Primary Dysmenorrhea, University Students.

To determine the association of serum AMH levels with oocyte quality in infertile women who underwent controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for IVF cycles

There is well documented evidence showing a decline in female fertility with advanced age. This decline includes a significant reduction in the quantity as well as the quality of the oocyte available in the ovarian reserve. The present study was conducted to determine the association of serum AMH levels with oocyte quality in infertile women who underwent controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for IVF cycles. The present retrospective study conducted in IVF Department of Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital for 10 months. Total 100 patients were included in the study. Serum AMH levels and number of antral follicle (on second day of menstrual cycle) on transvaginal sonography was done for all patients. Fertilization was checked followed by embryo quality. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. Significance was attributed to events with a p<0.05. A Total 100 patients were studied. The patients were divided into five groups based on AMH levels; the groups had 0, 44, 20, 26 and 10 patients respectively. Age was found to be independent predictor of ovarian reserve. There was no significant difference between the groups in relation to BMI.

The Level of Serum Progesterone on the day of HCG Administration in Assisted Reproduction Cycles

Introduction: During stimulated IVF- ET cycle spontaneous LH surge occur in about 20 – 50 % of cycle stimulated with gonadotropin without the pituitary suppression of GnRH agonist. This has been related to maturation and recovery of oocyte together decrease fertilization and implantation rate, this spontaneous LH surge is associated with increase in serum progesterone , so without pituitary suppression with GnRH , the rise of serum progesterone in the per ovulatory period may indicate the occurrence of spontaneous of LH surge, the aim of study is to indicate cutoff point of progesterone in the day of HCG administration. Method: This was a retrospective, non-interventional cohort study of patients undergoing ICSI at Tiba infertility center in Babylon, from period 2015 - 2019, all patient age from 20 – 45 years old under long protocol, had at least one grade I embryo transferred, total amount of patients was 1457. At second day of menstrual cycle we stimulate by used recombinant FSH, measured on second day of menstruation serum FSH, LH and estrogen levels, transvaginal ultrasound used to monitored the follicles. when follicle became 14 mm in size we used antagonist. 3 or more follicles gotten 18 mm in diameter. Activation gave either hCG alone or mixture of hCG and agonist. After 14 days from embryo transfer we checked HCG and after that after 10 days transvaginal ultrasound was done. Results: In our study showed the significant association between positive pregnancy outcome and progesterone level at day of HCG trigger were 79.2 % of female with positive pregnancy at progesterone level 2.5, There is a significant differences of LH at day of HCG activate rendering to progesterone level day of HCG activate, progesterone level ( < 1.5) had more chief level at day of HCG activate with mean and SD (5.38 ± 2.52), and reduction when the level progesterone rise. Conclusion: pregnancy cannot depend on progesterone level at day when HCG administration for assisted reproduction cycles treated with GnRH agonists and gonadotrophins. So cutoff point of progesterone can reach to above 1.5 ng/ ml and expected of pregnancy at this level.

The Level of Serum Progesterone on the day of HCG Administration in Assisted Reproduction Cycles

Introduction: During stimulated IVF- ET cycle spontaneous LH surge occur in about 20 – 50 % of cycle stimulated with gonadotropin without the pituitary suppression of GnRH agonist. This has been related to maturation and recovery of oocyte together decrease fertilization and implantation rate, this spontaneous LH surge is associated with increase in serum progesterone , so without pituitary suppression with GnRH , the rise of serum progesterone in the per ovulatory period may indicate the occurrence of spontaneous of LH surge, the aim of study is to indicate cutoff point of progesterone in the day of HCG administration. Method: This was a retrospective, non-interventional cohort study of patients undergoing ICSI at Tiba infertility center in Babylon, from period 2015 - 2019, all patient age from 20 – 45 years old under long protocol, had at least one grade I embryo transferred, total amount of patients was 1457. At second day of menstrual cycle we stimulate by used recombinant FSH, measured on second day of menstruation serum FSH, LH and estrogen levels, transvaginal ultrasound used to monitored the follicles. when follicle became 14 mm in size we used antagonist. 3 or more follicles gotten 18 mm in diameter. Activation gave either hCG alone or mixture of hCG and agonist. After 14 days from embryo transfer we checked HCG and after that after 10 days transvaginal ultrasound was done. Results: In our study showed the significant association between positive pregnancy outcome and progesterone level at day of HCG trigger were 79.2 % of female with positive pregnancy at progesterone level 2.5, There is a significant differences of LH at day of HCG activate rendering to progesterone level day of HCG activate, progesterone level ( < 1.5) had more chief level at day of HCG activate with mean and SD (5.38 ± 2.52), and reduction when the level progesterone rise. Conclusion: pregnancy cannot depend on progesterone level at day when HCG administration for assisted reproduction cycles treated with GnRH agonists and gonadotrophins. So cutoff point of progesterone can reach to above 1.5 ng/ ml and expected of pregnancy at this level.

Usefulness of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Infertile Women

Aims: To correlate the AMH level with various clinical and biochemical parameters in patients presenting to infertility clinic with diagnosis of PCOS.&#x0D; Methods: This is a hospital based prospective study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018. Women of reproductive age (21– 35 years) who presented to infertility clinic were recruited for study after taking informed consent. PCOS patients were selected by the Rotterdam criteria. Data regarding menstrual history, clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism, transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) assessments for ovarian follicles, and the levels of AMH, LH, FSH, testosterone and Estradiol were collected.&#x0D; Blood sampling for hormone measurement (LH, FSH, Testosterone, Estradiol) was performed in the second day of menstrual cycle. Serum AMH was measured in any day of menstrual cycle. TVS was performed for morphology of ovaries during follicular phase.&#x0D; Results: There were 54 patients with PCOS based on Rotterdem criteria. The mean age was 26.6±3.7 year (range=20-35). Among the study population 42 patients (78%) had primary infertility. High AMH with bilateral polycystic ovaries was in 32(59.2%), bilateral PCO with normal AMH was in 13(24%), unilateral polycystic ovaries with high AMH was in 2(3.7%). AMH mean value was 9.8±4.1 ng/ml (range=2.8-19.8), high in 40 women (74%) and normal in 14 women (26%).&#x0D; Conclusions: Serum AMH can be a useful serum marker of PCOS and it correlates with the clinical and biochemical abnormalities in women with PCOS.&#x0D; Keywords: anti mullarian hormone, infertility, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovarian syndrome

Effect of Thyroid Disorder in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in the Women of Diyala Province

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most endocrine disorder common effect (5-10) % in women at reproductive age. Thyroid dysfunction with PCOS is both representing parts of the endocrine system; this link leads to problems of ovulation and pregnancy. Aims: to investigate the prevalence of thyroid disorder in PCOS woman, and associate the outcome with obesity. Patient and method: This study was conducted in Al-batol Teaching Hospital in Baquba City /Iraq. The results reviewed included 63 women: 45 PCOS were diagnosed on the basis of Rotterdam criteria, 18 as control, aged 17- 44 year. The samples have been collected at second day of menstrual cycle, to test fT3, fT4, fTSH in serum. Information was collected for (Age, BMI, LH, and FSH) to be part of this study. Results: A significant increasing in fT3 was found in PCOS women comparison with control pvalue&gt;0.05. T3 showed in significant differences between lean PCOS matched against control Pvalue &lt; 0.05, along with statistically increasing of TSH level in (lean, overweight) PCOS comparison with control pvalue˂0.05. Conclusion: PCOS is associated with hypothyroidism. Obesity or overweight is a key factor leads to increased risk of thyroid disorder.