Seborrheic Keratosis Research Articles

Seborrheic keratosis, solar lentigo and syringoma: A case report of this uncommon collision tumor

When two or more distinct tumors occur in a single lesion, at one site, it is termed a collision or contiguous tumors, they are often an unexpected finding and may represent a diagnostic challenge, as clinical and histological presentations do not always coincide.

Healing Process after High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Benign Skin Lesions: Dermoscopic Analysis and Treatment Guidelines.

Background: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged as a precise and non-invasive modality for tissue ablation and healing. This study presents a detailed dermoscopic analysis of skin healing post-High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, focusing on common benign skin lesions, such as seborrheic keratosis, sebaceous hyperplasia, vascular lesions, and sebaceous nevi. Methods: Prior to HIFU treatment, a comprehensive assessment was conducted, integrating ultrasound scanning and clinical evaluations. The TOOsonix System ONE-M was employed for HIFU treatments, with parameters tailored to each lesion type. Results: A common pattern observed across all lesions includes initial whitening post treatment, followed by scab formation and the development of a pink area with reparative vessels. This study, however, highlights distinct differences in fibrosis patterns and healing timelines across different lesion types. Each lesion type exhibited unique fibrosis patterns post treatment. Flatter variants of seborrheic keratosis healed within a month, displaying hypopigmentation and reparative vessels, alongside a distinct lattice fibrosis pattern in more verrucous forms, which took about two months to heal. Sebaceous hyperplasia, characterized by rapid healing within three weeks, demonstrated fibrosis with pink areas and perpendicular white lines, concluding with a slight depression. Vascular lesions varied in healing time based on depth, with superficial ones showing whitening and crust formation, while deeper lesions had vessel occlusion and size reduction accompanied by concentric fibrotic bands. Sebaceous nevi presented the longest healing duration of three months, characterized by amorphous white-gray structures, scab formation, and the emergence of pink areas with branching vessels, leading to clear skin with reduced white lines. Conclusions: in conclusion, this meticulous clinical evaluation highlights the unique healing characteristics and timelines for each skin lesion type treated with HIFU. These insights are invaluable for optimizing follow-up assessments, identifying potential complications, and refining treatment protocols. By providing detailed insights into the healing timelines and patterns for different types of lesions, patients can be better informed about their post-treatment journey.

Clinical Misdiagnosis of Cutaneous Malignant Tumors as Melanocytic Nevi or Seborrheic Keratosis: A Retrospective Analysis of a Chinese Population.

The rising incidence and mortality associated with cutaneous malignant tumours highlight the importance of early diagnosis of these tumors. In clinical practice, these tumors are often misdiagnosed as benign skin lesions such as melanocytic nevi (MN) and seborrheic keratosis (SK) because of their similar morphologic features. The incidence and clinicopathological subtypes of cutaneous malignancies in East Asia populations significantly differ from those in fair-skinned groups. However, studies on misdiagnoses in Eastern countries are lacking. Therefore, this study focused on the clinical and pathological features of cutaneous malignant tumors misdiagnosed as MN or SK in a Chinese population. A total of 4592 samples clinically diagnosed as MN (n = 3503) or SK (n = 1089) from July 2014 to June 2022 were collected and evaluated retrospectively. The clinical and pathological data were analyzed to identify associated factors. Pathological assessments showed that 2.5% (86/3503) of the specimens clinically diagnosed as MN were malignancies, predominantly basal cell carcinoma (BCC, 84.9%, 73/86), followed by malignant melanoma (MM, 8.1%, 7/86) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 7.0%, 6/86). Similarly, 5.7% (62/1089) of the specimens clinically diagnosed as SK were malignant tumors, of which BCC (50.0%, 31/62) was the most common, followed by SCC (41.9%, 26/62) and MM (8.1%, 5/62). In both types of specimens, advanced age and facial lesions were risk factors for malignancy misdiagnosis. The malignancy rate, mean age, and proportion of SCC in the specimens clinically diagnosed as SK were higher than those in the specimens clinically diagnosed as MN. Dermoscopy significantly reduced the rate of misdiagnosis of these tumors as MN or SK. In China, cutaneous malignant tumors misdiagnosed as MN or SK are not uncommon in clinical practice, and active introduction of noninvasive diagnostic techniques is essential to distinguish them.

Phenome-wide association study of ovarian cancer identifies common comorbidities and reveals shared genetics with complex diseases and biomarkers.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is commonly diagnosed among older women who have comorbidities. This hypothesis-free phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) aimed to identify comorbidities associated with OC, as well as traits that share a genetic architecture with OC. We used data from 181,203 white British female UK Biobank participants and analysed OC and OC subtype-specific genetic risk scores (OC-GRS) for an association with 889 diseases and 43 other traits. We conducted PheWAS and colocalization analyses for individual variants to identify evidence for shared genetic architecture. The OC-GRS was associated with 10 diseases, and the clear cell OC-GRS was associated with five diseases at the FDR threshold (p = 5.6 × 10-4 ). Mendelian randomizaiton analysis (MR) provided robust evidence for the association of OC with higher risk of "secondary malignant neoplasm of digestive systems" (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.33, 2.02), "ascites" (1.48, 95% CI 1.17, 1.86), "chronic airway obstruction" (1.17, 95% CI 1.07, 1.29), and "abnormal findings on examination of the lung" (1.51, 95% CI 1.22, 1.87). Analyses of lung spirometry measures provided further support for compromised respiratory function. PheWAS on individual OC variants identified five genetic variants associated with other diseases, and seven variants associated with biomarkers (all, p ≤ 4.5 × 10-8 ). Colocalization analysis identified rs4449583 (from TERT locus) as the shared causal variant for OC and seborrheic keratosis. OC is associated with digestive and respiratory comorbidities. Several variants affecting OC risk were associated with other diseases and biomarkers, with this study identifying a novel genetic locus shared between OC and skin conditions.

Pigmented Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Skin: A Rare Entity

Squamous cell carcinoma, the second most common form of skin cancer, is caused by the cumulative exposure of skin to UV light. It originates from epidermal keratinocytes or adnexal structures (such as eccrine glands or pilosebaceous units). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has several histologic variants, such as clear cell SCC, signet ring SCC, basaloid SCC, desmoplastic SCC, verrucous and pigmented SCC, among others. Although dendritic melanin containing melanocytes can be seen in a variety of epithelial neoplasms, but only 0.01% to 7% of all squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are pigmented. Most of which have occurred in the oral and ocular mucosa, with relatively few cases to originate in the skin. The main clinical differential diagnosis for pigmented squamous cell carcinoma are pigmented basal cell carcinoma and melanoma. Herein we report a case of 62 year old male who presented with a blue-black growth over the left inguinal region. Routine lab investigations showed no change and no lymphadenopathy was observed. Biopsy of the growth was received and histopathological evaluation revealed pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. Microscopic examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma with numerous dendritic melanophages showing pigmented melanin. Pigmented SCC can be confused with benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasms, pigmented basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis and pigmented bowen’s disease. In conclusion, this case demonstrates that although pigmented squamous cell carcinomas are relatively rare, they should be included in differential diagnosis of pigmented cutaneous lesions and must be distinguished from other tumors with similar histological findings.

Evaluation and management of benign tumors of the eye and eyelid

Benign tumors of the eye and eyelid are common in children and adults, and they rarely undergo malignant transformation. Their workup and management have evolved over the years with increasing advancements in surgical and laser therapies. This contribution focuses on describing the following benign eye and eyelid tumors and their diagnostic and treatment approaches: congenital and acquired melanocytic nevi; nevus of Ota (Hori nevus); conjunctival papilloma; seborrheic keratosis; epidermoid cyst; dermoid cyst; milium; xanthelasma; hemangioma (cherry angioma and pyogenic granuloma); neurofibroma; neurilemmoma (schwannoma); and fibroepithelial polyp. Surgical removal is the primary treatment approach for many of these benign tumors. With advancements in laser technologies, there are now several laser types that can be used in the treatment of these benign eye and eyelid tumors. Other treatment modalities include cryosurgery, electrosurgery, and topical or intralesional medications. We hope this review will provide a reference to dermatologists and ophthalmologists in their approach to evaluation and management of benign eye and eyelid tumors.

Patient-led teledermatology for skin lesion triage: aservice evaluation of the DyplensTM dermoscope.

Despite the huge improvement in smartphone cameras, there has not been any real interest in the UK in pursuing patient-facing teledermatology within the sphere of skin lesion triage. High-specification dermoscopic images can be generated with smartphone attachments, but, to date, no formal clinical trial has been performed to establish the efficacy and feasibility of these consumer-level dermoscopes in skin lesion triage. The objectives of this study were to assess the ability of patients to capture dermoscopic images using a smartphone attachment, and to identify the safety and diagnostic accuracy of consumer-level dermoscopy in triaging out benign skin lesions from the 2-week-wait (2WW) cancer pathway. We recruited 78 patients already attending a face-to-face clinic at two locations. They were provided with instruction leaflets and asked to obtain dermoscopic and macroscopic images of their lesion(s) using their own smartphones. The images (and a brief history) were distributed to five experienced blinded assessors (consultants), who were asked to state their working diagnosis and outcome (reassurance, routine review or 2WW pathway), as they would in teledermatology. We compared their outcomes to the gold-standard in-person diagnosis and/or histological diagnosis, where available. The device achieved 100% sensitivity in diagnosing melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The specificity for the diagnoses of melanoma (89%) and SCC (83%) was high. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 77% for both benign and malignant lesions, The diagnostic accuracy was high for seborrhoeic keratosis (91%) and simple naevi (81%). Patient-captured dermoscopic images using bespoke smartphone attachments could be the future in safely triaging out benign lesions.

Role of dermoscopy in hyperpigmented skin disorders: A tertiary care centre experience

Dermoscopy, performed with a handheld instrument called dermatoscope, is a non-invasive and in-vivo technique for the evaluation of various skin lesions in clinical practice. Although many studies have shown the importance of dermoscopy in diagnosing skin lesions by supplementing naked-eye evaluation, Indian data on its usefulness is scarce. We aimed to describe dermoscopic findings in various pigmented conditions in skin of colour.A retrospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in western India for the period of two years- October 2015 to September 2018. Patients were selected from the available records by using pre-specified selection criteria. Detailed demographic and clinical parameters were recorded. The dermoscopic examination was done using Dermlite DL3 polarised device. The histopathological findings, when available, were also evaluated. A total of 352 patients were identified, 181 males and 171 females. Out of the total number, 272 patients had melanocytic and 80 had non-melanocytic lesions. Benign melanocytic nevi (100 out of 272) and seborrheic keratosis (58 out of 70) were the most common observations for melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions respectively. The study provides real-world data on a large scale for dermoscopic findings in hyperpigmented lesions in Indian patients. This study corroborates with observations from previous studies to suggest quick and non-invasive use of dermoscopy for reliable diagnosis. Larger studies in future may obviate the need for biopsy while managing these patients.

Dermatoscopic profiling of inverted follicular keratosis indifferent skin phenotypes.

Inverted follicular keratosis (IFK) is a rare benign tumour of the follicular infundibulum. Owing to its similarity to other benign and malignant cutaneous lesions, it poses a diagnostic challenge. There is limited information on the dermatoscopic characteristics of IFK and the majority of cases have been reported in patients with lighter skin types. To describe the prevalent dermatoscopic features of IFK, especially in patients with skin of colour. We retrospectively analysed 35 histopathologically verified cases of IFK from a single university hospital in Turkey. With respect to the Fitzpatrick skin phototype, 2 (6%), 12 (34%), 16 (46%) and 5 (14%) patients had Fitzpatrick skin phototypes II, III, IV and V, respectively. Clinically, the majority of IFKs were hypopigmented or nonpigmented (83%). Pink-white structureless areas (54%), ulceration (54%), a central keratin mass (43%) and blood spots on keratin mass (43%) were the most frequent dermatoscopic findings. Pigmented structures were observed as blue-grey structureless areas in 12 lesions and as blue-grey clods in 5, primarily in Fitzpatrick phototype IV and V skin. The incidence of a pink, structureless area and blood spots on ulceration was found to be statistically significantly higher in individuals with fairer skin types, while a greater prevalence of blue-grey coloration was observed in those with skin of colour (P < 0.05). Although our study found some distinguishing dermatoscopic findings in IFK, diagnosis is generally confirmed by histopathology, as the clinical appearance and dermatoscopic findings may not be sufficient to differentiate it from other tumours, especially squamous cell carcinoma or keratoacanthoma. The dermatoscopic characteristics of dark skin are comparable to those of pale skin; however, hyperpigmentation can be more noticeable in skin of colour.

Safety and efficacy of 30% hydrogen peroxide in seborrheic keratoses – A prospective and interventional study

Background: Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is a skin condition affecting the keratinocytes. Although various treatment options are available, the need for a simpler topical treatment approach is unmet. Hydrogen peroxide (HP) acts by forming free radicals and initiates apoptosis in cells. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 30% HP in SK. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on patients attending the Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology at MGM Hospital attached to Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal and Government Medical College Mahabubabad, Telangana, during the period from December 2019 to May 2021. In total, 80 adult patients with SKs were enrolled. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the MGM Hospital attached to Kakatiya Medical College. This is a prospective and interventional study. Eighty patients will be treated with 30% of HP topically. A photographic record of the pre- and post-treatment appearance of lesions was maintained. Physician’s lesion assessment (PLA) score was evaluated on day 15th and 106th day after treatment. Local skin reactions (LSRs) were divided into mild, moderate, and severe categories. LSR was observed immediately after 2 weeks and 106 days of treatment. Results: Most of the patients were of middle to elderly age group. SK lesions were most common seen over the head and trunk. The dermatosis papulosa nigra variant was the most common. PLA 0 was observed by day 15 in some patients after application. Of 30% HP, faster healing rates were observed in lesions over the face, and middle aged. Conclusion: About 30% HP is a promising option for the treatment of SK.

A split-face study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of erbium YAG laser and 70% trichloroacetic acid in facial seborrheic keratosis.

Seborrheic keratosis (SK) are benign lesions with cosmetic concerns. Role of TCA and erbium YAG laser has already been described individually in the literature. However, there is a scarcity of data on the comparative evaluation of these two modalities in SK. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety profile of Erbium YAG laser ablation with 70% TCA for the treatment of facial SK. A total of 50 cases of facial SK were included in the study. Group A included SK lesions on the right side of face treated with Erbium YAG laser ablation while Group B included SK lesions on the left side of face treated with topical 70% trichloroacetic acid. Repeated sessions of laser and TCA application were given at 2-week intervals till cure was achieved or up to a maximum of three sessions. Grading of response to treatment was assessed as complete response (100% clearance), partial response (>50 to 99% improvement), and inadequate or no response (<50% improvement). Complete clearance was observed in 40 (80%) and 29 (58%) cases in Groups A and B, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in clearance rates between the two groups (P = 0.019). Number of sessions was significantly lesser in laser group (mean ± SD = 1.24 ± 0.43) than in the 70% TCA group (mean ± SD = 1.88 ± 0.79) (P = 0.001). Statistically significant lesser downtime was observed in group A (P = 0.001). Patient satisfaction rate was much higher in group A. Hyperpigmentation was more common in group B (TCA). Although both the treatment modalities achieved good results, erbium YAG laser ablation showed superior results than 70% TCA with better patient satisfaction rates but more downtime. Also, no major adverse effects were observed in the two groups.

Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography of eyelid margin growths: A case series.

The clinical differential diagnosis of lesions arising on the eyelid margin may be challenging and an unneeded surgical approach may have serious functional and aesthetic consequences. Nonetheless, early recognition and treatment of malignant tumors of the eyelid margin is mandatory. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a novel tool for the in vivo, real-time skin imaging. The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the LC-OCT features of a series of eyelid margin growths and to correlate these features with the histopathological findings. Patients with eyelid margin growths who were scheduled for lesion excision underwent LC-OCT examination. Inclusion criteria were a challenging clinical aspect of the lesions and a clinical history of recent onset (up to 12 months). In all cases, the histopathological examination of the excised lesions was performed for the final diagnosis. A total of 31 lesions located on the upper (13 cases) or lower (18 cases) eyelid margin from 28 consecutive patients (male=15, female=13; mean age: 64.7 years, range: 44-87 years) were evaluated and excised. The histopathologic diagnoses were nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (nine cases), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (three cases), compound nevus (four cases), dermal nevus (two cases), seborrheic keratosis (four cases), pyogenic granuloma (one case), trichilemmal cyst (three cases), and hidrocystoma (five cases). LC-OCT allowed the in vivo recognition of the main microscopic features of the examined lesions. LC-OCT represents a promising tool for the evaluation of eyelid margin lesions. Advantages of non-invasive diagnosis particularly relevant in such a sensitive region include a more correct planning of the treatment and, in case of surgery, the most appropriate surgical approach and, importantly, a correct timing of intervention.

98岁患者大型脂溢性角化病1例并文献复习

98岁患者大型脂溢性角化病1例并文献复习

Histopathological Spectrum of Pigmented Skin Lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal

IntroductionPigmented skin lesions are defined as altered pigmentation of the skin as well as mucous membrane which can present as flat or raised growth and can be blue, brown, black or grey in color. The main aim of the study was to see the histopathological spectrum of pigmented skin disease and compare the clinical and histopathological diagnoses. MethodsIt is observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology of Gandaki Medical College and Teaching hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 and 80 cases were included. ResultsAge of the patient ranged from seven to 89 years and mean ± SD was 49.55 ± 21.73 years. There were 34 (42.6%) males and 46 (57.4%) females with a female: male ratio 1.3:1. The most common site of distribution of pigmented lesions of the skin were face in 44(55%) followed by trunk in 15(18.7%), extremities in 13(16.2%), scalp in 7(8.8%) and genitalia in 1 (1.3%). Histopathological study revealed the most common lesion as melanocytic nevi 14(17%) followed by basal cell carcinoma 11(13.8%), seborrheic keratosis 6(7.6%), Keratoacanthoma 5(6.3%), verrucous epidermal nevus 4(5%) and others cases in few numbers. Clinicopathological agreement was seen in 44 (55%). Conclusions Melanocytic nevi were the most common among the pigmented skin lesion. Other causes of pigmented lesions were due to keratinocytic, vascular and reactive changes. Malignant tumors can sometimes mimic benign lesions. Therefore, histopathological examination remains the gold standard in diagnosing these conditions and provide proper guidance for further management of patients.

Analysis of the psychosocial component continuum of psychological adaptation-disadaptation in patients with a dermatological profile with different levels of vital threat

Purpose: to investigate the state of psychosocial functioning as a component of the continuum of psychological adaptation - maladaptation in patients with a dermatological profile with diseases of various levels of vital threat, to develop, in the future, personalized psychocorrection programs for this category of patients. Contingent and research methods. On the basis of informed consent, in compliance with the principles of biomedical ethics and deontology, we examined 120 dermatological patients who were treated in three branches of the clinic “Dr. Zapolska Clinic” during 2020-2021, namely: 60 patients with non-vital dermatological diseases (seborrheic keratosis L82, condylomas A63.0, angiomas D18.0, pigmentation disorders L80), and 60 patients with dermatological diseases posing a vital threat (melanoma C43, basal cell carcinoma C44, skin carcinoma D04). The results. Both by integral indicators and by separate characteristics of socio-psychological adaptation/maladaptation, we found a general trend of the primary importance of the lack of adaptive resources and the secondary – nosospecificity features of dermatological pathology, in the formation of states of psychological maladaptation, which is manifested both in the clinical and psychological plane, and in the field of psychosocial functioning. These data are also consistent with the results of the study of the quality of life (QoL) of the examinees: the general trend of association between the level of QoL and the presence of signs of psychological maladjustment (PMA) was confirmed both for the integral criteria for the assessment of QoL and for 8 out of 10 evaluation parameters of QoL (levels of physical well-being and work capacity turned out to be nosospecificity, in contrast to all other parameters). The study confirmed our assumptions regarding the absence of a direct relationship between nosospecificity and vitality of a dermatological disease and the state of psychosocial functioning of an individual, especially in the context of adaptability and its resource base. The obtained results regarding the fact that dermatological patients without clinical signs of psychological maladjustment, regardless of the nosological affiliation of the main disease, have a sufficient resource of adaptability and use it in the field of social-psychological interaction, are predictable for us, but such that required scientific justification and proof. The issues of primary/secondary states of the resource base and adaptability at the clinical-psychological and psychosocial levels require further study. We assume that we are talking about the mechanisms of mutual influence of biological predisposition and psychological and psychosocial factors, the mosaic combination of which determines the resource capabilities of the individual regarding the constructive acceptance of the fact of the presence of a dermatological disease and the development of an adequate strategy for its mastery, regardless of the degree of vitality of the disease. Conclusion. The identified regularities should be considered when developing treatment-rehabilitation and psycho-prophylactic measures in patients with dermatological pathology with different levels of vital threat.

SkinLesNet: Classification of Skin Lesions and Detection of Melanoma Cancer Using a Novel Multi-Layer Deep Convolutional Neural Network.

Skin cancer is a widespread disease that typically develops on the skin due to frequent exposure to sunlight. Although cancer can appear on any part of the human body, skin cancer accounts for a significant proportion of all new cancer diagnoses worldwide. There are substantial obstacles to the precise diagnosis and classification of skin lesions because of morphological variety and indistinguishable characteristics across skin malignancies. Recently, deep learning models have been used in the field of image-based skin-lesion diagnosis and have demonstrated diagnostic efficiency on par with that of dermatologists. To increase classification efficiency and accuracy for skin lesions, a cutting-edge multi-layer deep convolutional neural network termed SkinLesNet was built in this study. The dataset used in this study was extracted from the PAD-UFES-20 dataset and was augmented. The PAD-UFES-20-Modified dataset includes three common forms of skin lesions: seborrheic keratosis, nevus, and melanoma. To comprehensively assess SkinLesNet's performance, its evaluation was expanded beyond the PAD-UFES-20-Modified dataset. Two additional datasets, HAM10000 and ISIC2017, were included, and SkinLesNet was compared to the widely used ResNet50 and VGG16 models. This broader evaluation confirmed SkinLesNet's effectiveness, as it consistently outperformed both benchmarks across all datasets.

Malignancy smells in the air: widespread eroded, hemorrhagic, and lichenified plaques in an older man

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare autoimmune mucocutaneous disease associated with underlying neoplasia. It is typically characterized by painful mucosal erosions and dark, patchy skin eruptions. A 66-year-old male was admitted to the internal medicine outpatient clinic with complaints of suddenly started rashes, loss of appetite, dyspepsia, weakness, and unexplained gross weight loss. The patient was cachectic and physical examination revealed widespread eroded, erythematous, thick-middle, yellow-pitted, lichenified plaques on bilateral arms and legs and the hands and feet dorsum. Scattered seborrheic keratosis lesions on the trunk were also detected. He had microcytic anemia with elevated CA 19-9 measures. Abdomen computed tomography showed a malignant mass in the antrum. Endoscopic biopsy of the gastric mass revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma composed of discohesive signet ring cells and skin punch biopsy was compitable with paraneoplastic pemphigus.&#x0D; In patients with rapidly developing skin lesions with constitutional symptoms, underlying malignancies should be kept in mind.

A hyperspectral index-based approach for in vivo automatic detection of skin tumors from hyperspectral images

Skin cancer is the most common human malignancy and early diagnosis is important for successful treatment. Hyperspectral imaging provides both spectral and spatial information which may be useful for tumor diagnosis. In the present study, hyperspectral images of 36 skin tumors (seborrheic keratosis, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma) were acquired and analyzed. A skin cancer index was defined taking into account the differences in the angles made by the spectral slopes of the tumors and normal skin and the x axis in the spectral range (580-600) nm (where the differences in spectral signatures proved to be significant). When compared to histopathological diagnosis, the index allowed for differentiation between benign and malignant tumors and even between seborrheic and actinic keratosis or basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Benign tumors had an index under 0.39999, while basal cell carcinoma ranged between 0.4000-0.59999, and squamous cell carcinoma between 0.6000-06999. In conclusion, the hyperspectral image-based skin tumor index is an objective method of identification and differentiation of skin tumors and may become a useful tool in their early diagnosis

Multiple-lesion, non-familial basal cell carcinoma-An interesting oddity

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common primary carcinoma of skin, which accounts for three-fourth of all primary skin tumours. Basal carcinoma occurs commonly as a single lesion, though occasionally it can occur as Multiple lesions, which may occur in close association with heredofamilial conditions such as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin’s syndrome), Bazex syndrome, Rombo syndrome, and unilateral basal cell nevus syndrome. The case of multiple basal cell carcinomas being presented here is unique in its occurrence inasmuch as it is not associated with heredofamilial conditions, and despite not being associated with heredofamilial conditions there is occurrence of multiple basal carcinomas in a patient in a tertiary care hospital in a dominantly tribal region. The patient has no family history of genodermatosis that could increase the incidence of multiple basal cell carcinomas such as xeroderma pigmentosum, and no history of other predisposing conditions including actinic keratosis, Bowen’s Disease, leukoplakia, Erythroplasia of Queyrat, keratoacanthoma, radiation dermatitis and exposure to arsenicals, psoralen and other photosensitizing medications. However, the patient had history of having raised macules over the face which were diagnosed as seborrheic keratosis.

Melanoacanthoma – A Diagnostic Dilemma

Melanoacanthoma (MA) is an uncommon benign tumour confined to the epidermis. It is formed by aggregation of pigment-producing melanocytes and keratinocytes. It is a close differential of melanoma and hence has to be evaluated in detail. Here, we present a case of MA over the scalp along with its clinical and dermoscopic description.