Seaweed Research Articles

Soil Application of Sea Weed Extract Granules and Foliar Application of Nano ZnO to Bt Hybrid Cotton to Vertic inceptisols

Bt hybrid cotton was significantly benefitted by the soil application of Sagarika sea weed extract granules at 25 kg ha-1 yr-1 along with the recommended basal fertilizers dose or foliar application of nano ZnO 4% at 0.04% at squaring and flowering stages. These treatments significantly enriched index leaf residual P and Zn content beyond 20 μg g-1 fresh weight during boll development stage and this resulted in significant improvement in lint yield by 7.5% i.e. 35 kg lint ha-1 yr-1, C:B ratio by 5.0% and net returns to the tune of ₹. 5000 ha-1 over alone 100% RDF in eroded Vertic inceptisols deficient in N, Mg, S, Zn and B. Excess rains at seedling and vegetative stage followed by drought at reproductive stages in both years, reduced the economic viability of seed treatment with bio-stimulants and foliar applications besides soil and foliar application of Zn, S, B alone or together to Bt hybrid cotton.

Seaweed-derived bio-stimulant improves growth and salt tolerance of radish varieties under saline conditions

The potential of macroalgae as biostimulants in agriculture and biotechnology is getting attention because they enhance the growth of various edible crops. Thus, the current study deals with the potential of marine algae (Enteromorpha intestinalis) seaweed (SW) powder for its effect on seed germination, growth, biochemical parameters, and pigment characteristics of Radish varieties (40 days, R-1 and Radish variety Minu Early R-2) under saline conditions: 50 mM (low salinity, LS), and 100 mM (high salinity, HS). Seeds were germinated with 1.5 (SW1) and 3% (SW2) seaweed powder mixed with saline soil. Root and shoot length progressively decreased with increasing salinity level compared to control. Treatment 2 (SW1) and treatment 4 of R-1 variety had the highest germination rate by 95%. R-2 variety showed increased shoot and root fresh weight for treatment 4 (LS) and treatment 8 (HS + SW1), while treatment 7 (LS + SW2) of R-2 variety showed the highest shoot dry weight. Treatment 2 (SW1) of R-1 variety showed an increase in plant total weight compared to R-1 variety. Carbohydrate and protein content were higher in treatment 4 (LS) and 9 (HS + SW2) of R-1 variety. Phenol and flavonoid content were increased in treatment 8 (HS + SW1) and 2 (SW1) of R-2 variety compare to untreated controls. Marine algae-based bio-stimulant could effectively improve Radish growth due to optimum physiological and biochemical alteration under saline conditions. Our results indicate that radish varieties could produce sustainable biomass by using algal bio-stimulant on saline soils and avoiding competition with conventional agriculture.

Effect of Seaweed Extract Application Rate and Method on Growth, Flowering and Yield of Pansy (Viola x wittrockiana)

Pansies, part of the Viola genus, are vibrant flowers with velvety petals and a distinct center blotch. They are popular as ornamental plants due to their colorful appearance. Seaweed extract, derived from various types of seaweed or marine algae, is utilized in agriculture, gardening, and skincare. Seaweed is nutrient-rich, containing essential macro and micronutrients, making seaweed extract a valuable natural fertilizer to enhance plant growth and health. Therefore, present investigation was carried during the Winter-2022-23 with a view to determine the effect of seaweed extract application on pansy variety Majestic Giant Mix for its growth, flowering, yield. The study was examined using completely randomized block design. From the present investigation, it is concluded that treatment T4 i.e., application of Sea weed extract @ 4ml/l as drench application found superior in terms of plant height (16.00 cm), plant spread (17.56), number of branches per plant (28.81), days taken for first flower opening (30.00), days taken for 50% flowering (58.33), stalk length (8.60 cm), flower diameter (7.83) number of leaves (43.33), number of flowers per plant (38.88) and seed yield per plant (3.00g).

Ultrasonic Method on the Extraction of Fucoxanthin from Marine Macro Algae Padina Australis

Macro algae is the potential feedstock of fucoxanthin production. Fucoxanthin is a bioactive pigment found in the chloroplasts of marine algae and have a considerable pharmacological property. Fucoxanthin belongs to carotenoid which plays as an important ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. This study explains effect of ultrasonics on the extraction of fucoxanthin from marine macro algae Padina australis. Additionally, the effect of solvents and various extraction methods for effective isolation of fucoxanthin from algae have been investigated and compared. Method 1 of Extraction of fucoxanthin from Padina australis would give 8.12 mg of fucoxanthin/g of biomass with methanol, chloroform and methanol mixture (1:1 (v/v)) and then with chloroform. The ultrasonic assisted on the method 1 would yield 16.9 mg of fucoxanthin/g of biomass confirming that the ultrasonics increased the rate of extraction than that of extraction without ultrasonics. Thus, Ultrasonic assisted extraction is a potential method for isolation of fucoxanthin from marine macro algae Padina australis effectively.

Effect of Growth Regulators on Plant Growth and Flower Yield in Marigold (Tagetes erecta)

A field experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. During rabi season (2022-2023). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different growth regulators on plant growth, flowering and flower yield of African marigold and to estimate the economics of different treatments. This experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (RBD) with 10 treatments and each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments consist of different combinations of plant growth regulators (Gibberellic acid, Salicylic acid and Sea weed extract). Treatment T3 (Gibberellic acid @150ppm) was statistically significant compared to other treatment combination, which recorded highest plant height (44.11 cm), no. of branches (43.53), stem diameter (1.61 cm), no. of leaves (118.93), plant spread (37.17 cm2), Bud length (0.93cm), days to 1st flowering (66.07 days), Size of flower (8.77cm), Number of flower per plant (34.10), Self-life (8.67 days), single flower wt. (18.28 g) in African marigold (Tagetes erecta). The economics estimation revealed that maximum benefit cost ratio was at 2.44.

Nutrient Management for Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragariax ananassa) in Vertical Hydroponics System

The present investigation was carried out to find out nutrient management for growth, yield attributes, yield and quality attributes of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) under vertical hydroponics tower system in Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications during November-March (2022-23) at Experimental Farm of Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The data were recorded from four randomly selected plants from each replication of the treatments for 14 characters. The 9 treatments comprising of different doses in combination of macro nutrients N:P:K , micro nutrients Zn: B: Fe and organic fertilizer sea weed extract were given in three different stages of the crop i.e., seedling stage, vegetative growth stage and reproductive stage . Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) as plant growth regulator (PGR) was applied in reproductive stage of the crop at the time of flowering for better fruit set. Aqueous solution of nutrients applied at seedling stage followed by vegetative growth stage and reproductive stage , treatment T7 comprising of N- 7.5, 8.5 and 9.5 g/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively, P- 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively, K- 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 g/10 litres of water, at all three stages, respectively, Zn- 0.25,0.35 and 0.45g/10 l of water at all three stages, respectively , B – 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55g/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively, Fe- 0.65,0.75 and 0.85 mg/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively and organic fertilizer (see weed extract) @ 8 and 10 ml/ 10 litres of water at seedling and vegetative stages and NAA @ 300 ppm was applied at reproductive stage for fruit settings was the best and recorded maximum plant height (18.42cm),plant spread area (18.58cm2), number of leaves per plant (8.21), root length (16.03cm), leaf area (47.75cm2), number of flowers per plant (14.47), number of fruits per plant (14), yield per treatment (1.451kg) with B: C ratio (1:2.72) and quality of the strawberry as TSS (9.330brix), titratable acidity (1.33%) and ascorbic acid (60.45 mg/100g) followed by T6 and T5.

Fabrication of Bioplastics from Sea Weeds

Abstract: This research deals with the production of bio-plastics from sea weeds. The main objectives is to produce bio-plastics from sea weeds (marine algae). The research has got two specific objectives which are to produce plastics that are environmental friendly whereby the plastic produced can be at least decomposed to smaller substance by the living organism and also to check the stability of the bio-plastics produced via mechanical and physical testing. In this study, marine algae specifically brown algae such as sargasum are the raw materials. Other materials required are glycerol, starch, gelatin, and colors. Methods used were observation to identify what type of algae has high content of agar and green algae were most the most efficient type. Experimentation involved the chemical processes to extract agar content from the from the algae by addition of sodium hydroxide to a powder form of algae which was dried and grinded, thereafter the mixture was heated 100 degree centigrade and allowed to cool agar powder was extracted and mixed with starch (as strengthening materials) and glycerol (plasticizer) and heated at 100 degree centigrade to get the tough semi-solid that helps to mould the plastics on a modal vessel

Study on Utilization of Biopolymer in Liner

Abstract: Biogeotechnology is a branch of Geotechnical Engineering that deals with the application of biotransformation, biogrouting and mineral precipitation (MICP) to geotechnical engineering problems. Soil capping is a technology to curb the interaction between a waste body and the ground surface. A final cover system in landfill capping play a major role in intercepting rainwater infiltration and percolation of surface water into the subsurface waste dumped area. In order to minimize the water infiltration through different barrier layers such as single liner system, single composite liner system and double liner system in cover system are recommended. A single composite liner system comprises of two barrier (made up of different material), placed over one another to provide beneficial effect whereas the single and double liner system consists of same material to attain the effect. The present study deals with the action of sea weed in the form of powder (produced by the cell wall) in the layer of soil capping which intercept the rainwater intrusion in liner. The results obtained from the hydraulic conductivity of different treated soils indicate that the effect of single liner system is equivalent to single composite liner system. It has been observed that the addition of sea weed powder causes dissociation of hydroxyl groups attached to silicon in silica sheets with increase in optimum water content. Thus the addition of sea weed powder decreases the infiltration rate by clogging the soil layers.

Pemetaan Sebaran Habitat Dasar Perairan Laut Dangkal Menggunakan Citra Sentinel-2A di Teluk Gilimanuk

West Bali National Park is a conservation area with such a high biodiversity. That includes mangrove forest, coastal, and shallow water ecosystem. As a conservation area, a distribution map of the shallow water habitat is necessary for decision making in the conservation’s benthic habitat developing program. One of the mapping method is remote sensing and requires Sentinel-2A Level 1C satelitte image. Sentinel-2A Level 1C is used due to its high resolution which is 10x10 meters for a single pixel. The aim for this research is for mapping the distribution of the shallow water habitat in Gilimanuk Bay while also assesses the accuracy of Sentinel-2A image. This research uses the Quantum GIS and SAGA GIS software to analyze the Sentinel-2A image. The image is transformed using Depth Invariant Index to reduce the scattering effect on the reflectance. After the image is being transformed by the Depth Invariant Index, it is classified using maximum likelihood method. The classification showed, the area of each classes are 56.59 hectares of corals, 18.01 hectares of seagrass, 128.97 hectares of waters, 45.76 hectares of mud sediment, 78.95 hectares of macro algae, and 26.67 hectares of sands. Overall accuracy assessment for this research calculated using confusion matrix and the result is 65.1% and considered good enough due to Coral Ecosystem Remote Sensing Data Analysis Guide by National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), in which the tolerance of the accuracy is 60%. Accuracy levels are influenced by number of classes, image resolution, class resemblance, turbidity, and seafloor material.

Effect of Vermicompost and Seaweed Extract on Growth and Yield on Local Small Pod Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Variety

The investigation was carried out during the rabi season of 2022-23, from 20 November 2022 to 4 March 2023, at the Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology's research station in Kalyanpur, Kanpur, India. The cultivar was a dwarf pod pea type, which is one of the cheapest seeds available in the North Indian Plain. The influence of organic fertilizer vermicompost and Sea weed extract on several aspects of crop physiological growth, development, and economical production was studied.
 The experiment was conducted in Simple Block Design on the total area of 100m2 area divided in 20 sub plots of 5m2 area with total 6.25kg of vermicompost and seaweed extract spray at the post flowering stage at 100ml in required quantity of water.
 Considerable positive effect recorded after the application of the above two organic supplements on parameters like Number of pods, number of seeds per pod , length of plant, number of primary branches, Length of pods, number of root nodules in roots as this was very important for the nitrogen fixation of atmosphere, number of flowers , green mass production. All the major parameters recorded had shown considerable increment at the particular life stages of the crop.

Identification of Substances from the Extracts of Sea Weeds Grateloupia Filicina and Gracelaria Corticata from Visakhapatnam Coast Using Chromatography Techniques.

Sea weeds belonging to the Rhodophyceae (red algae) are an important source of bio active substances of medicinal value. Many of these substances are used in the drug development to treat diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infections, inflammation, pain, arthritis, as well as cancerous diseases. The paper chromatographic studies reveals that Grateloupia filicina contained photosynthetic pigment carotene and Gracelaria corticata contained the amino acid leucine. The thin layer chromatographic studies indicates that Grateloupia filicina contained amino acid phenylalanine and Gracelaria corticata contains Leucine. All the three substances having pharmaceutical importance

PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG RUMPUT LAUT EUCHEUMAA COTTONII HASIL FERMENTASI BIOFLOKULAN PADA PAKAN KOMERSIL IKAN NILA (Oreochormis niloticus)

This research aims to analyze the addition of Eucheuma cottonii sea weed flour from fermented bioflocculants on commercial food of tilapia (O. niloticus) feed. This research was conducted for 50 days at the Productionand Reproduction Laboratory of the Aquaculture Study Program, Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatment level sand 3 replications namely: P1 (commercial feed), P2 (90% commercial feed + 10% seaweed flour), P3 (80% commercial feed + 20% seaweed flour), P4 (70% commercial feed) + seaweed flour 30%). Parameters measured are the growth of data, absolute length, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, feed confersion, survival rate, water quality. The data was analyzed by using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. The Parameters that were significantly different were followed by the DUNCAN test at 5% significance level. Further more, The addition of E. Cottonii flour from bioflocculant fermentationto commercial feed can increase the absolute weight and absolute length of tilapia (O. niloticus), butdoes not affect the specific growth rate, efficiency of feed utilization, feed conversion ands urvival of tilapia (O. niloticus). The addition of 20% concentration of e. cottonii flour into commercial feed is the best treatment because it can increase the absolute length and weight of tilapia by 5,33 g and 5,30

Seasonal starch allocation of starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa) growing in Lake Koronis, MN

Starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa) (Desvaux in Loiseleur) J. Groves is an invasive macro alga that can take over entire water columns and outcompete native species. Previous research has quantified seasonal life history and phenology but there is no research quantifying carbohydrate allocation. The current study utilized samples harvested from Lake Koronis, Minnesota, USA from 2020 and 2021 to quantify starch allocation patterns in N. obtusa. Starch was quantified using the amylase/amyloglucosidase method. Starch data were compared to light transmittance (%), pH and water temperature (°C) via mixed procedures models in SAS. Seasonal average low and high points of starch storage were observed to be June (3.3%) and April (9.9%) for thalli biomass then June (41.7%) and November (54.6%) for bulbils. In regard to allocation patterns, above ground thalli reallocates carbohydrate stores to the below ground rhizoids in May. Carbohydrates are then transported to bulbils from July through September as rhizoid starch decreases and the bulbil starch increases. Ultimately, the carbohydrates are converted to starch and stored in bulbils (21.0–73.7%). In its invaded range, bulbils are important for energy store, vegetative reproduction and spread, as well as temporal distribution. These bulbils spread easily, spread rapidly, can store a lot of energy (73% starch), and are a major concern for the invasion of N. obtusa. Water temperature and light availability were shown to negatively influence starch content of thalli. These findings suggest that in the invaded range, N. obtusa is capable of accumulating large amounts of starch later into the growing season. The energy reserves may give N. obtusa a competitive advantage over native species by allowing a longer growing season resulting in the production of more vegetative propagules and greater longevity in the environments it invades.

Potential Cosmeceuticals from Marine Constituents

Cosmetic pharmaceuticals, or cosmetic goods with drug-like qualities, are the most recent innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Klingman coined the term "cosmeceuticals. "There are many, and they are very different, marine resources. As a result, marine components have a variety of possible applications in the cosmetics industry, including as active ingredients, excipients, and additives. Some of the active marine sources used to create cosmeceuticals include sea weeds, marine fish, phytoplanktons, sponges, corals, sea mammals, fungi, bacteria, and mollusks. Cosmetics made from marine resources provide a variety of advantages, such as antioxidant activity, skin whitening, moisturising, de-pigmentation, and anti-aging. The market is flooded with cosmeceuticals that contain marine ingredients. This review focuses on the potential of marine components, a subject that has drawn academics' interest in recent years.

PHYCOBILLIPROTEINS AND ITS ECONOMIC VALUES – AN OVERVIEW

Marine ecosystem plays an important role in the country's economy for its valuable resources and top listed in the productivity environment. The plants and algae are known for its medicinal values and they are used in the primary health care and the bioactive compounds are proven to have therapeutic values. The special properties of phycobiliproteins are photosensitizer, chemical and thermal stability at varied pH. Phycobiliproteins extracted from macro and micro algae has wide applications in various industrial sectors like food, colourant, medicine, analytical sensing, pharmaceutical industries etc.

Potential Cosmeceuticals From Marine Constituents

Cosmetic pharmaceuticals, or cosmetic goods with drug-like qualities, are the most recent innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Klingman coined the term "cosmeceuticals. "There are many, and they are very different, marine resources. As a result, marine components have a variety of possible applications in the cosmetics industry, including as active ingredients, excipients, and additives. Some of the active marine sources used to create cosmeceuticals include sea weeds, marine fish, phytoplanktons, sponges, corals, sea mammals, fungi, bacteria, and mollusks. Cosmetics made from marine resources provide a variety of advantages, such as antioxidant activity, skin whitening, moisturising, de-pigmentation, and anti-aging. The market is flooded with cosmeceuticals that contain marine ingredients. This review focuses on the potential of marine components, a subject that has drawn academics' interest in recent years.

Effect of organic foliar nutrients on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa)

Green revolution technologies played an important role in alleviating hunger but had adverse effects on natural resources. Our Indian agriculture completely transformed from begging bowl to self-sufficiency in food grain production with high yielding varieties supported by judicious inorganic fertilizers. In addition to that we have crossed the self-sufficiency level and focusing more on speciality agriculture. But at the same time, we forgot practising and recycling the organic manures which sustained the soil health and quality of produce. For a better yield achievement, combination of organic foliar nutrition will help in management of input practices. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Experimental Farm, Annamalai University during Kuruvai season in 2021 to evaluate the effect of organic foliar nutrients on growth and yield of rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of amirthakaraisal, panchagavya, vermiwash, fish amino acid, sea weed extract, humic acid, gibberellic acid and jeevamritham with different concentration along with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Short duration rice variety ADT-43 was used as test variety. The foliar spray was done at active tillering and panicle premordial initiation stage. Among the treatments tried out, RDF+Jeevamritham at 3% recorded the maximum plant height (114.70 cm), leaf area index (6.14), number of panicles/m2 (396), number of filled grains/panicle (102.67), grain yield (5752 kg/ha) and straw yield (7953 kg/ha). Therefore, it can be suggested as a substitute source of nutrients for the growth and yield of rice.

Performance analysis on a compression ignition engine fueled with algae, rice bran methyl esters, and their diesel blends at optimized blend proportion, injection timing and load

The production of biodiesel from algal oil is the subject of a lot of research. There hasn't been a thorough examination of the performance, combustion, and emission analyses of algal biodiesel when engine factors like load, injection timing, etc. are varied and optimization studies are used. This research attempts to address the void in the literature on thorough engine studies for algal oil biodiesel. Herein, pure diesel with three different algae and rice bran oil blends (B5-5% biodiesel with 95% pure diesel, B10-10% biodiesel with 90% pure diesel and B20- 20% biodiesel with 80% diesel) are synthesized. The properties of the biodiesel samples were examined and verified with standard ASTM limits (kinematic viscosity at 40 °C for macro algae is 3.51 cSt and microalgae is 4.84 cSt). The blend, load and injection timing were optimized through the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increasing trend is observed for both diesel & biodiesel up to 75% load, and advanced injection timing (26° BTDC) improved the BTE for all biodiesel blends. Besides, an increase of 5% peak pressure is observed in all blends 1°–9° crank angle ATDC. Biodiesel blends have minimal carbon emissions, except NOX emissions. Further, the experimental values are optimized through Taguchi/Grey Grade Relational procedure and the best combination for MAME blends is MAME 20, 100% load, 20° BTDC for AME blends is AME 20, 100% load, 23° BTDC and for RME blends is AME 20, 100% load, 20° BTDC.

A Neo Emission Reduction Approach for Minimizing Atmospheric Air Pollutants Using Ternary Fuel with Pentanol and Seaweed Anti-Oxidant in Multi-Cylinder Diesel Engine

<p>This research examines the scope for reducing the air pollution caused by the transportation sector through the infusion of biofuel and antioxidants ensuring the partial replacement of conventional fuel. A four-stroke, direct-injection, multi-cylinder and constant-speed diesel engine was employed for the experimental analysis. The ternary fuel blend with a composition of 70% diesel fuel, 20% rubber seed oil and 10% of pentanol and sea weed extract in different ratios were blended to form B20, B20A1, B20A2 and B20A3. The experimental results showed smoke and carbon monoxide reduced by 4.71%, unburned hydrocarbons by 2.2 %. The NOx emission which was slightly higher compared to diesel but not higher than B20 for the blend B20A2 by 5%. The brake thermal efficiency was increased by 3.71% when compared to diesel fuel. Consequently, the B20A2 (5% seaweed and 5% pentanol additive with 70% diesel and 20% of rubber seed methyl ester oil) was found to be an environmentally biodegradable gasoline with the best emission properties. The study findings are quite promising for future which seeks towards zero emission with optimum quantity of biofuel to replace diesel.</p>

Experimental investigation on seaweed (sargassum wightii) derived using methanolic extracts

Seaweeds are a primitive type of plant and macro algae, which usually grow in the regions of backwaters, estuaries, and seas, especially in shallow water. They are typically formed, attached, and visualized to the coral reef, rocks, and other substrata wherever available.The seaweeds are collected from the Kanyakumari region and processed for methanol production. The methanol is extracted from the processed seaweed using the Saccharification method. The physicochemical properties of methanol are determined as per ASTM standards. The yield (%) of methanol production depends on the concentration of the substrate and the time duration (24, 48, and 72 h). It is observed that for a substrate concentration of 15%,amaximum yield of methanolis observed. In contrast, when the substrate concentrations lie below 10%, there is a decrease in the methanol yield for all the time durations investigated.Therefore, the maximum yield (51.2%) of methanol is obtained for a substrate concentration of 15% with a time period of about 48 h.The present work concentrated on producing methanol from a high concentration and choice of seaweed (Sargassum wightii).