Seaweed Waste Research Articles

Porosity structure of green polybag of medium density fiberboard from seaweed waste

The last decade shown that the needs Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) rapidly growing in Asia Pacific and Europe up to more 15 % per year. MDF made up of fibers lignoselulosa which combined with synthetic resin or tied other suitable but high temperatures and pressure. Technology engineering for green polybag of MDF from seaweed waste of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria verrucosa is an alternative effort for ecosystem stability and technological innovations that is environmentally friendly. Structure porosity from the shape of green polybag shows that performance seaweed waste of K. alvarezii is better than seaweed waste of G. verrucosa. The circulation of water happened more optimal in green polybag formed from MDF of seaweed waste of K. alvarezii with size porosity 3.976 µm, while size porosity of seaweed waste of G. verrucosa measurable 4.794 µm. Structure of green polybag of MDF from seaweed waste showed that C components greater 50 % to K. alvarezii while C components less than 50 % to G. verrucosa. This resulted in the ties to structure of MDF stronger found in green polybag derived from seaweed waste of K. alvarezii than G. verrucosa.

Alternative bioenergy through the utilization of Kappaphycus alvarezii waste as a substitution of substrate for biogas products

Biogas is one of the renewable energy resources which are able to be developed by providing some sufficient renewable substances and manufactured from the fermentation process of organic substances metabolized by anaerobic bacteria. In this research, Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed waste from carrageenan processing and contents of rumen were used. This research aims to comprehend the carrageenan processing waste of macroalga K. alvarezii can be used as alternative source generating biogas. The research method is P0 (100 % of the contents of rumen), P1 (75 % of the contents of rumen and 25 % of seaweed waste), P2 (50 % of the contents of rumen and 50 % of seaweed waste), and P3 (25 % of the contents of rumen and 75 % of seaweed waste), and P4 (100 % of seaweed waste). The result showed that according to the quality determination of biogas based on SNI (Indonesia National Standard) 8019:2014, the K. alvarezii seaweed waste from carrageenan processing can be utilized as the alternative source of manufacturing biogas and got the methane gas resulted from the comparison method is P2 (50 % of the contents of rumen and 50 % of seaweed waste), with value of 58.61 %.

Dealginated seaweed waste for Zn(II) continuous removal from aqueous solution on fixed‐bed column

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe alginate extraction residue from Brazilian Sargassum filipendula was employed as biosorbent for Zn(II) removal through a fixed‐bed column in order to explore its adsorptive properties and to establish a new use for this waste.RESULTSThe best operating conditions were 0.5 mL min‐1 and 1.0 mmol L‐1 (inlet concentration), providing lower mass transfer zone and higher uptake. Elution percentages of 52 and 73% were obtained for the first and second desorption cycles, respectively, using CaCl2 as eluent. The Yan et al. model was more representative of the experimental data. Characterization revealed that ion exchange is involved between zinc ions and light metals (Ca, Na, K and Mg). A decrease was observed in real and apparent densities of biomass, with an increase in particle porosity of the residue after process.CONCLUSIONThe study revealed that this biomass has potential for Zn removal from aqueous solution, encouraging its application as a biosorbent in future studies involving multicomponent systems. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

Effect of enhanced biomass retention by sequencing batch operation on biomethanation of sulfur-rich macroalgal biomass: Process performance and microbial ecology

This study investigated the anaerobic digestion of Ulva biomass as an approach to diversifying energy sources and managing seaweed waste in a cost-effective manner. Ulva species are often identified as the main culprit of serious macroalgal blooms around the world, and their sulfur-rich nature causes difficulties in handling the biomass. Two reactors in continuous (Rc) and sequencing batch (Rs) modes were operated with decreasing hydraulic retention time in a stepwise manner from 20 to 6days. Rs allowed significantly higher methane productivity (0.19–0.22L/g chemical oxygen demand [COD] fed) and biomass retention capacity than Rc (0–0.16L/g COD fed) throughout the experiment. Interestingly, sulfide production was also higher in Rs than in Rc. These findings, together with microbial quantification results, suggested that Rs operation enhanced biomass retention and the activity of both methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria. The Rc microbial community was less diverse and more variable than the Rs community. Accordingly, the performance of Rc was more significantly affected by changes in hydraulic and thus organic loads. Aceticlastic Methanosaetaceae dominated the methanogen community in both reactors, with the abundance of methanogens being significantly higher in Rs than in Rc. This may explain the more efficient and stable methane production despite the greater sulfidogenic activity in Rs, particularly at high hydraulic loads. Together, the results suggest that sequencing batch operation is advantageous over conventional continuous flow operation for the biomethanation of Ulva biomass and potentially other sulfur-rich feedstocks.

Elemental composition and phosphorus availability in hydrochars from seaweed and organic waste digestate

ABSTRACTBy hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of organic matter, hydrochars are produced which may be applied to soil for carbon sequestration. From substrates of wild seaweed and organic waste digestate, we measured the distribution of solids (hydrochars) and liquids after HTL at 150 and 200°C, 50 bar for 1 h. The output of liquids and solids was recorded. Elemental analysis was conducted for essential plant nutrients, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and silicon in the hydrochars. Sequential extraction of phosphorous (P) was conducted to assess the P availability for plants. About 20% of the initial dry matter dissolved during HTL of digestate, and 55% for seaweed. More dry matter was dissolved by increased temperature. Except from arsenic in seaweed chars, the concentrations of PTEs were below quality compost thresholds. About 85% of P was recovered in chars for digestate. For seaweed, the recovery was 97% at 150°C, decreasing to 84% at 200°C. The solubility of P in chars decreased by HTL, and more with higher temperature. Reduced P availability, especially by higher temperature, is negative for the immediate fertilization effect. However, for soil sequestration of carbon, reduced P availability in hydrochars may expand the area where application may occur without negative environmental effects of eutrophication of water bodies.

Biosorption of toxic metals using the alginate extraction residue from the brown algae Sargassum filipendula as a natural ion-exchanger

In order to aggregate extra value to dealginated seaweed waste (RES1 and RES2) and to establish a new usage for the process waste, this study evaluated the use of this biomass in the removal of toxic metals from contaminated wastewater. Both residues showed similar affinity for almost all metallic ions studied, and the comparison revealed that the largest reduction in the percentage removal was found for cadmium. It was identified a behavior typical of ion exchange, where sodium was the most released ion, mainly in the presence of Cr and Cd. The kinetic study also showed a maximum adsorption peak of nickel and zinc and this uncommon behavior may be related to the properties of each metal ion, such as strength of ionic bonds and diffusivity. The Boyd model fits indicated that the removal of chromium and cadmium is predominantly controlled by the internal diffusion, while the External Mass Transfer Resistance model showed that the Ni and Zn uptake are mainly controlled by the external diffusion. In relation to the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second model, the first better describes Ni and Zn experimental data, whereas the last one is more representative to Cd and Cr data.

Bioethanol Production Using Waste Seaweed Obtained from Gwangalli Beach, Busan, Korea by Co-culture of Yeasts with Adaptive Evolution.

Conditions for ethanol production were evaluated using waste seaweed obtained from Gwangalli beach, Busan, Korea, after strong winds on January 15, 2015. Eleven types of seaweed were identified, and the proportions of red, brown, and green seaweed wastes were 26, 46, and 28%, respectively. Optimal pretreatment conditions were determined as 8% slurry content, 286mM H2SO4 for 90min at 121°C. Enzymatic saccharification with 16units/mL Celluclast 1.5L and Viscozyme L mixture at 45°C for 48h was carried out as optimal condition. A maximum monosaccharide concentration of 30.2g/L was obtained and used to produce ethanol. Fermentation was performed with single or mixed yeasts of non-adapted and adapted Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 1126 and Pichia angophorae KCTC 17574 to galactose and mannitol, respectively. The maximum ethanol concentration and yield of 13.5g/L and YEtOH of 0.45 were obtained using co-culture of adapted S. cerevisiae and P. angophorae.

Effect of seaweed on mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties of thermoplastic sugar palm starch/agar composites

The aim of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of thermoplastic sugar palm starch/agar (TPSA) blend containing Eucheuma cottonii seaweed waste as biofiller. The composites were prepared by melt-mixing and hot pressing at 140°C for 10min. The TPSA/seaweed composites were characterized for their mechanical, thermal and biodegradation properties. Incorporation of seaweed from 0 to 40wt.% has significantly improved the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the TPSA/seaweed composites. Scanning electron micrograph of the tensile fracture showed homogeneous surface with formation of cleavage plane. It is also evident from TGA results that thermal stability of the composites were enhanced with addition of seaweed. After soil burial for 2 and 4 weeks, the biodegradation of the composites was enhanced with addition of seaweed. Overall, the incorporation of seaweed into TPSA enhances the properties of TPSA for short-life product application such as tray, plate, etc.

The ability of macroalgae to stabilise and optimise the anaerobic digestion of household food waste

This study investigated the potential of seaweed waste (SW) as a sustainable feedstock for anaerobic co-digestion with food waste (FW). The study was conducted at laboratory scale using a batch test approach run over 34 days. Methane (CH4) potential assays were conducted at the following FW to SW dry mass ratios: 100:0, 90:10, 75:25, 50:50 and 0:100. Results indicated that anaerobic co-digestion of FW and SW at a mixture ratio of 90:10 produced the highest methane yield (252 cm3 g−1 of volatile solids (VS)), rates of reaction (0.08 d−1) and resulted in a better stability of the process. Predictions based on the Buswell formula suggested that all reactors were performing below the theoretical (maximum) with a greater disparity at increasing levels of seaweed in the feed, likely due to high levels of sulphur in the SW (1.73% mass fraction). The analysis of heavy metals in SW and final digestate indicated that using SW for anaerobic co-digestion with FW enhanced the process by providing trace nutrients without impacting the heavy metal content of the digestate. The analysis of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) indicated that by using SW for co-digestion with FW, C:N optimal mass ratios were achieved. It was concluded that the addition of SW for anaerobic co-digestion of FW can be used to accelerate the bioenergy production from FW. An additional benefit will be the abatement of the negative impacts of SW in coastal areas, making the overall process more sustainable.

Chemical Pretreatment and Enzymatic Saccharification of Seaweed Solid Wastes

The technical feasibility of seaweed waste utilization as a resource of renewable energy was investigated in this paper. The production of fermentable sugars from seaweed waste was studied by dilute sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatment and further enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment was conducted by using 1.0 and 2.0% dilute sulfuric acid w/v and 4 and 5% sodium hydroxide w/v for 30 min at 121 oC. Pretreated seaweed wastes were analyzed by X­Ray Diffraction (XRD) to examine the crystallinity index of the cellulose and observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to examine the changes in structure of cellulose fiber. Saccharification of pretreated seaweed waste was carried out using crude cellulase enzyme provided by Pulp and Paper Research Center in Bandung. Saccharification was done in shake flask with 20% of substrate in citrate phosphate buffer at 30 oC and 50 oC, agitation of 150 rpm in shaking incubator for 48 h. Samples were collected at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h for further analysis. Enzyme concentrations were varied between 10­50 U/g dry samples. The results showed that dilute acid and base pretreatment of seaweed solid waste can be used to improve the digestibility of seaweed waste. It successfully acted by reducing the lignin content and degrading the structure of cellulose from crystalline into amorphous form which is more susceptible to the enzyme action.The optimum pretreatment condition was shown by 4% NaOH at 121 oC for 30 min, producing the most fermentable sugar concentration. Sugar concentration produced by saccharification was optimum at 50 oC, enzyme concentration of 50 U/g sample for 24 h base pretreatment. The results of the experiment were expected to contribute in the process development of bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials into renewable energy sources.

Great potency of seaweed waste biomass from the carrageenan industry for bioethanol production by peracetic acid–ionic liquid pretreatment

Seaweed waste biomass from the carrageenan industry (SWBC) is a potential biomass feedstock for producing sustainable biofuel because it increases the product value and reduces the pollutant risk. Peracetic acid (PAA) followed by ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment has been used to increase the enzymatic saccharification of pretreated SWBC. The SWBC cellulose content was comparable with that of terrestrial biomasses. PAA + 1-hexylpyridinium chloride ([Hpy][Cl]), and PAA + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([Emim][DEP]) pretreatments produced saccharide and unknown oligosaccharide fractions in regenerated water (∼4–6% SWBC cellulose content). For 48 h of saccharification, the untreated SWBC and the SWBC pretreated using PAA followed by [Hpy][Cl], [Emim][DEP] or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate ([Emim][OAc]) produced cellulose conversions of 77, 91, 84 and 62%, respectively. The untreated SWBC had a high cellulose conversion, which may be caused by the low lignin and hemicellulose contents of the SWBC. PAA + IL pretreatment could yield pretreated SWBCs with more amorphous cellulose structures, which lead to an almost-complete cellulose conversion.

Reuse of red seaweed waste by a novel bacterium, Bacillus sp. SYR4 isolated from a sandbar.

A potent bacterial strain was isolated from a sandbar and identified as Bacillus sp. SYR4 for the reuse of red seaweed waste. The isolate possessed both agarase and carrageenase activities. The optimal pH and temperature for the degradation of both agar and carrageenan by the isolate were found to be pH 7.5 and 30°C, respectively. The effects of cations on cell growth and degradation ability of the isolate were significant in comparison with controls. The isolate produced 0.27 and 0.29gl(-1) of reducing sugars from 1gl(-1) of agar and carrageenan, respectively. When the isolate was cultivated in red seaweed powder medium for 10days, the yield of reducing sugars was 24%. As a result, the eco-friendly reuse of red seaweed waste by this isolate appears to be feasible for the production of reducing sugars and could be a valuable resource. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to directly demonstrate the ability of Bacillus sp. SYR4 to degrade both agar and carrageenan.

Produksi dan Karakterisasi Enzim Selulase Ekstrak Kasar dari Bakteri yang Diisolasi dari Limbah Rumput Laut

Seaweed waste is a source of bacteria that can produce cellulase enzyme. PMP 0126w isolate is one collection isolate of BBP4BKP obtained from seaweed Glacilaria sp. waste from Pameungpeuk area, Garut, West Java. The aims of this research were to produce and characterize the cellulase enzyme. PMP 0126w isolate was a Gram-positive rod shape bacteria. The isolate had 0.8 cellulolytic index on Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) agar medium. The highest cellulase activity obtained on the third day of fermentation time with a cellulase activity of 0,074 U/mL and specific activity of 0.092 U/mg. Optimum activity of the cellulase enzyme crude extract was pH 5 and 300C. The activity of the cellulase was increased by addition of 5 mM CaCl2 and 10 mM FeCl3 ions and decreased by the addition of 10 mM ZnCl2 ions. The cellulase with the highest activity of 0.237 U/mL was obtained from Glacilaria sp. seaweed waste treated with NaOH 6%. Keywords: cellulose, characterization, production, seaweed waste

English

This paper focuses on several factors on the effect of fermented feed from seaweed waste. The fermentation process is optimized through nutritional analysis. The study which compared the crude protein and the crude fiber resulted to an increase by 34.56% and decreased by 10.72%, respectively in seaweed feed. The findings of this study suggest that the best feed could be fermented from seaweed waste while adding 1% of microbial agents and 0.5% of corn powder, fermenting for 15 days.   Key words: Seaweed waste, fermentation, feed.

Isolation of a novel Saccharophagus species (Myt‐1) capable of degrading a variety of seaweeds and polysaccharides

A bacterial strain, Myt-1, was isolated in Toyama Bay in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Myt-1 was capable of reducing the thalli of various seaweed species to single cell detritus particles. A 16S rDNA homology search revealed that the closest relative of Myt-1 was Saccharophagus degradans 2–40 (CP000282; 100% similarity), which was first isolated in Chesapeake Bay in Virginia, USA. The Myt-1 strain was capable of degrading more than 10 polysaccharides, almost all of which were also degraded by S. degradans 2–40. Analyses of alginase gene DNA sequence homology, DNA–DNA homology, and zymogram analysis of obtained polysaccharidases suggested that Myt-1 was a new species of Saccharophagus. Thus, Myt-1 is only the second species in this genus, which has contained only one strain and species since 1988, and was tentatively designated Saccharophagus sp. Myt-1. Myt-1 has considerable potential for reducing the volume of seaweed wastes, and for producing functional materials from seaweed substrate.

Research and Optimization of Technological Process Based on Fermentation for Production of Seaweed Feed

This paper for the purpose of utilization, conducted a study of technological process of producing animal feed by fermenting seaweed waste. Anaerobic fermentation, which can improve the contents of protein and polysaccharide in seaweed waste, proved to be an available method to improve the nutritional value of animal feed by using seaweed waste. Also effects of different additives and fermentation time on the fermentation products was compared, combined CCRD with neural network to optimize these factors, the predict model among all factors was established, also obtained the optimal fermentation process.

Influence of Several Fermentation on Seaweed Waste of Feed

This paper focuses on several factors on the effects of fermented seaweed feed, and obtains the optimal fermentation process through the analysis of nutrients. Through the experiment we can get, Seaweed waste fermented the best feed when adding 1% of microbial agents and 0.5% of corn powder, fermenting for 15 days.

Pengaruh Fermentasi Limbah Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. dengan Bacillus subtilis Terhadap Populasi Plankton Chlorophyceae <br><i>[Effect Of Waste Seaweed Fermentation Of Gracilaria sp. With Bacillus subtilis Against On Plankton Populations Of Chlorophyceae]<i>

Abstract One of Indonesia's marine living resources is seaweed. There are about 18,000 species of seaweed around the world and 25 species of which have high economic value. In indonesia, there are 555 types of seaweed and four types of which are known as export commodities, that is Euchema sp., Gracilaria sp., Gelidium sp. and Sargasum sp. One type of algae is much cultivated in the waters of Indonesia is Gracilaria sp. Seaweed is widely cultivated because it has an important role in the effort to increase fish production and preservation of biological resources. However, sometimes the other result are found a lot of waste of seaweed in the field. Utilization of seaweed waste of Gracilaria sp. can be applied into organic fertilizer that is through a biological fermentation process using microbial proteolytic. The aims of the study to determine the effect of the waste seaweed fermentation of Gracilaria sp. with Bacillus subtilis on plankton populations of Chlorophyceae. The research was perform in August 2011 at the Laboratory of Fisheries Education, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya. The design of experiments in this study using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: (A) control, (B) 10ml/l of seaweed waste liquid without fermentation, (C) 5ml/l of seaweed waste liquid using fermentation, (D) 10ml/l of seaweed waste liquid using fermentation, (E) 15ml/l of seaweed waste liquid using fermentation, (F) 20ml/l of seaweed waste liquid using fermentation. The main parameter is plankton populations of Chlorophyceae, while supporting parameter water quality. Data analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA), when there is a difference followed by Duncan's Multiple range test. The results showed that the utilization of waste seaweed of Gracilaria sp. Using fermentation with isolated bacterial of Bacillus subtilis produce significantly different population (p <0.05) and D the treatment that is 10ml/l of seaweed waste liquid using fermentation, showed the highest cell density of 264,252 cells / ml. Based on the results of Duncan's Multiple range test showed that the D treatment give the best effect among all of the treatments. Water quality parameters during the study remained within the tolerance limit for the growth of Chlorophyceae, pH 7-8 and the water temperature ranges between 2729o C.

발효 미역부산물이 반추위 발효특성에 미치는 영향

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of brown seaweed waste (BSW) fermented with DS-01 microbe on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. In in vitro trial, three different diets supplemented with 2%, 4%, 6% BSW fermented with DS-01 either for one month or two months was tested at 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h, and 24 h incubation. The chemical composition (CP, EE, CF, and ash) between brown seaweed waste (BSW) and fermented BSW (FBSW) were not different. The contamination of pathogenic microbes was not detected in FBSW. The pH value tended to be higher with 6% level of supplementation of FBSW for one month than other treatments. The pH at 24 h was significantly higher in FBSW than that of treatments without FBSW (p<0.05). In FBSW for two months, the pH value in 6% FBSW at 3 h in vitro fermentation tended to be higher than 2% or 4% FBSW treatments (p=0.0540), but there were no differences in other fermentation times. Although the concentration of NH3-N of BSW fermented for one month was higher than control at 3 h (p<0.05), the volatile fatty acid values were significantly increased in 4 and 6% FBSW fermented for one month at 6 h incubation (p<0.05). In BSW fermented for two months, the volatile fatty acid values were significantly decreased in 6% treatment at 9 h (p<0.05). As a result of in vitro trial, it was recommended that the 2~4% supplementation level of brown seaweed waste fermented with DS-01 microbe for two months could be utilized for in vivo trial in ruminants. (Key words : Fermented brown seaweed waste, In vitro, pH, NH3-N)

발효미역부산물의 첨가가 Holstein 비유우의 비유성적 및 생리반응에 미치는 영향

본 시험은 발효미역부산물의 수준별 첨가가 Holstein 비유우의 산유량과 유성분, 혈중 호르몬과 대사산물 및 IgG와 IgA의 농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 발효미역부산물의 사료적 가치를 평가하기 위하여 실시하였다. 산유량을 보면 시험 60일에서 대조구와 1% FBSW, 2% FBSW가 각각 28.99 kg/d, 31.00 kg/d, 30.39 kg/d로 1% FBSW구에서 대조구에 비하여 2 kg/d의 유량증가를 보였으며, D0에 대한 유량 증가 또한 대조구 -1.84 kg/d에 비하여 1% FBSW는 0.23 kg/d로 유의성 있는 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). 유지방, 유단백, SNF, MUN 등 유성분에서는 처리간에 유사한 결과를 나타냈다. 우유중의 Ca농도는 시험 40일에서 대조구가 13.73 mg/dl, 1% FBSW가 18.02 mg/dl, 16.64 mg/dl로 통계적인 유의차를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 우유 중 total cholesterol은 시험개시와 시험 종료시 대조구와 유사한 결과를 나타냈다. 우유중의 체세포는 시험 60일에서 13.86~15.66만개/ml 범위내(체세포 1등급기준 < 20만개/ml)에 있음이 관찰되어 발효미역부산물 첨가의 효과가 관찰되지 않았다. 혈중 IgG는 시험 종료 시 처리구간 유사하게 나타났으며 IgA의 농도는 대조구, 1% FBSW, 2% FBSW가 각각 181.23, 207.83, 242.39 <TEX>${\mu}g$</TEX>/ml로 발효미역부산물 첨가구에서 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났으나 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 갑상선호르몬인 T4는 1%, 2% 발효미역부산물 첨가에 의해 뚜렷한 증가를 보였고(p<0.05), 비유촉진 호르몬인 prolactin 역시 통계적 유의성 차이는 없었으나 1% FBSW가 0.76ng/ml로 가장 높게 나타났다. 혈중 대사산물인 glucose는 처리간 유의차는 나타나지 않았으며 NEFA의 경우도 0.30~0.32 mEq/dl로 처리간 동일한 수준으로 나타냈다. BUN의 경우 처리 40일에서 대조구, 1% FBSW, 2% FBSW가 각각 19.22, 17.81, 16.58 mg/dl로 2% FBSW가 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으나, 다른 비유기에는 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈중 WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, T-B, ALP, GOT, GPT 등 항목의 측정결과 시험 20일에서는 각 항목에서 처리별 차이가 나타나지 않았으며 시험 40일의 경우 혈중 GOT가 1% FBSW이 107.71 IU/L로 가장 낮게 나타났고 2% FBSW가 146.71 IU/L, 대조구가 163.57 IU/L로 통계적인 유의차를 나타냈으나(p<0.05), 다른 비유기에는 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 결과를 종합해 볼 때 1% 수준의 발효미역부산물의 첨가는 젖소의 산유량 증가에 효과적이며, 이는 비유관련 호르몬의 발현을 증가시킴으로 기인된 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 우유중 Ca의 함량이 현저히 증가되는 결과를 볼 때 발효미역부산물을 보다 효율적으로 이용한다면 고능력 및 고기능성 젖소사료로의 이용가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to determine effects of fermented brown seaweed waste (FBSW) on milk production, composition and physiological responses as functional feed for 60 days in Holstein dairy cows. A total of 24 Holstein dairy cows (average age 49.33 months, average lactation days 175, Reproduction 2.0) were randomly allocated into control(basal diet), 1% FBSW (180g in basal diet) and 2% FBSW (360g in basal diet) groups with 8 replications for 60 days. Daily milk yield and composition (fat, protein, SNF, MUN) were not affected by FBSW supplementation, but Ca level in milk was significantly increased 4.29 mg/dl and 2.91 mg/dl in 1% and 2% groups compared to control group (p<0.05) at the end of the experiment, respectively. The somatic cell count (SCC) in milk was not significant. The plasma <TEX>$T_4$</TEX> level (concentration) were increased in 1% and 2% FBSW compared to control group at the end of the experiment (p<0.05), but between triiodothyronine (<TEX>$T_3$</TEX>) and thyroxin (<TEX>$T_4$</TEX>) levels were not significant. Concentrations of plasma glucose in control, 1% FBSW and 2% FBSW groups were 64. 37mg/dl, 66.15mg/dl and 73.02 mg/dl and plasma NEFA level was 0.30~0.32 mEq/dl. Concentrations of BUN tended to be higher for FBSW group than control group. Although WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, T-B, ALP, and GPT levels were not affected by FBSW supplementation, GOT level was significantly decreased in cows fed 1% FBSE diet compared to control group (P<0.05). Therefore we strongly suggest that the 1% FBSW supplementation in basal diet increases the milk yield and Ca level in Holstein dairy cows.