Seasonal Variation Of Water Quality Research Articles

동해안 4개 석호의 수질과 식물플랑크톤 계절별 변화에 관한 연구

동해안 4개 석호의 수질과 식물플랑크톤 계절별 변화에 관한 연구

Tracing dissolved organic carbon and trihalomethane formation potential between source water and finished drinking water at a lowland and an upland UK catchment

Rising dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in many upland UK catchments represents a challenge for drinking water companies, in particular due to the role of DOC as a precursor in the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs). Whereas traditionally, the response of drinking water companies has been focussed on treatment processes, increasingly, efforts have been made to better understanding the role of land use and catchment processes in affecting drinking water quality. In this study, water quality, including DOC and THM formation potential (THMFP) was assessed between the water source and finished drinking water at an upland and a lowland catchment. Surprisingly, the lowland catchment showed much higher reservoir DOC concentrations apparently due to the influence of a fen within the catchment from where a major reservoir inflow stream originated. Seasonal variations in water quality were observed, driving changes in THMFP. However, the reservoirs in both catchments appeared to dampen these temporal fluctuations. Treatment process applied in the 2 catchments were adapted to reservoir water quality with much higher DOC and THMFP removal rates observed at the lowland water treatment works where coagulation–flocculation was applied. However, selectivity during this DOC removal stage also appeared to increase the proportion of brominated THMs produced.

Influence of Seasonal Variation of Water Temperature and Dissolved Organic Matter on Ozone and OH Radical Reaction Kinetics During Ozonation of a Lake Water

ABSTRACTThis study used key description parameters of the ozonation process in lake water samples over a 1-year period to better understand the influence of seasonal variations in water quality such as water temperature and dissolved organic matter on ozone decomposition and OH radical formation and reaction kinetics. The parameters were the initial ozone demand (IOD), ozone decay rate constant after the IOD (ksec), ratio of OH radical exposure to the ozone exposure (RCt), and ratio of ozone consumption to the OH radial exposure multiplied by the second-order rate constant for the reaction of the OH radical with an OH radical probe compound (Ω). The seasonal variations in water quality had the most significant influence on RCt (39–64%), followed by ksec (35–38%), Ω (27–34%), and IOD (11–25%) for the raw lake water and sand-filtered water in which the numbers inside parentheses indicate the percent standard deviation of the measured values for 1 year. For the oligotrophic-type lake water, the seasonal variation in water temperature (6–26 °C) had the most significant influence on the ksec, RCt, and Ω. The Ω was newly found to be inversely related with water temperature, possibly due to the temperature-dependent OH radical yield from ozone decomposition. This implies that the OH radical oxidation capacity during ozonation can be significantly influenced by the temperature due to the varying ozone decomposition rate and the intrinsic OH radical yield. This study also demonstrated the Ω is a useful, alternative parameter to the RCt for describing or predicting OH radical exposure from ozone consumption especially when the ozone decay is rapid or varies over time such as the initial ozonation phase of natural water or wastewater where a considerable OH radical exposure takes place.

Assessment of water quality variations under non-rainy and rainy conditions by principal component analysis techniques in Lake Doam watershed, Korea

Abstract This study was based on water quality data of the Lake Doam watershed, monitored from 2010 to 2013 at eight different sites with multiple physiochemical parameters. The dataset was divided into two sub-datasets, namely, non-rainy and rainy. Principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA) techniques were applied to evaluate seasonal correla -tions of water quality parameters and extract the most significant parameters influencing stream water quality. The first five principal components identified by PCA techniques explained greater than 80% of the total variance for both data-sets. PCA and FA results indicated that total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved inorganic phos-phorus were the most significant parameters under the non-rainy condition. This indicates that organic and inorganic pollutants loads in the streams can be related to discharges from point sources (domestic discharges) and non-point sources (agriculture, forest) of pollution. During the rainy period, turbidity, suspended solids, nitrate nitrogen, and dis-solved inorganic phosphorus were identified as the most significant parameters. Physical parameters, suspended solids, and turbidity, are related to soil erosion and runoff from the basin. Organic and inorganic pollutants during the rainy period can be linked to decayed matters, manure, and inorganic fertilizers used in farming. Thus, the results of this study suggest that principal component analysis techniques are useful for analysis and interpretation of data and identification of pollution factors, which are valuable for understanding seasonal variations in water quality for effective management.

Suitability of enzymatic markers to assess the environmental condition of natural populations of Gambusia affinis and Daphnia magna--a case study.

In recent years, the use of biochemical markers, especially in the assessment of toxic effects and modes of action, under controlled laboratory conditions has increased. However, transposing their use to in situ monitoring or risk assessment evaluations has encountered barriers, mainly related to the difficulty in interpreting the meaning of biochemical variation. In this work, we aimed at understanding if biochemical marker activities (cholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and lactate dehydrogenase) can be used to monitor the health status of natural populations of fish (Gambusia affinis) and daphnids (Daphnia magna). For that, two ponds with different water properties were chosen as study sites, and organisms collected at four sampling periods along the year. The pattern of biochemical marker responses was not the same in the two species, showing higher integrated biochemical marker response values in the winter for G. affinis and in the autumn for D. magna, suggesting specificities that must be taken into account in biomonitoring programmes by including representative species of several trophic levels. In the case of G. affinis, the differences in key physicochemical parameters between the two ponds (especially dissolved oxygen levels) did not seem to affect biochemical marker levels as if organisms were already perfectly adapted to their environment. In general, seasonal variation of water quality seems to have an important role on biochemical marker responses. Several parameters above Environmental Quality Standards were identified such as dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, nitrites, sulphides and metals, but eventual responses to these stressors could not be discriminated from natural variation except for particular cases.

Spatial and temporal water quality characteristics of Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Sanctuary in China

Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Sanctuary includes Bang Lake, Sha Lake, Dahu Lake, and estuaries of the Xiu and Gan Rivers in the Migratory Bird Natural Reserve. Water samples were collected and analyzed to study spatial and temporal water quality variation. Strong seasonal variation of water quality was found. The water quality of Bang Lake was relatively poor compared to Sha and Dahu Lakes in the wet season, but better in the normal season. During the dry season, the water quality of Bang Lake is negatively affected by the activity of migratory birds. According to the correlation analysis of monthly concentrations of each parameter, the concentrations of COD, NH4 +–N, and NO3 −–N were highly correlated. The correlation index was 0.829 and significance index was 0.042 < 0.05. From north to south within Bang Lake, the concentration of TN decreased; however, the concentration of Chl-a increased. From east to west within Bang Lake, concentrations of COD, NH4 +–N, NO3 −–N, and Chl-a increased. The Xiu and Gan Rivers influence the water quality of Bang Lake, especially in the northeast area of the lake. The water quality of Bang Lake only reached Chinese water quality standard level IV or V according to a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The evaluation factors impacting Bang Lake are TN>TP>NH4 +–N>COD, in order of decreasing importance. The waters of Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Sanctuary have been polluted; one of the important contributing factors was migratory birds’ disturbance and feces.

Assessment of Water Quality using Multivariate Statistical Techniques: A Case Study of the Nakdong River Basin, Korea

This study estimated spatial and seasonal variation of water quality to understand characteristics of Nakdong river basin, Korea. All together 11 parameters (discharge, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, pH, suspended solids, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon) at 22 different sites for the period of 2003-2011 were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques (cluster analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis). Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped whole river basin into three zones, i.e., relatively less polluted (LP), medium polluted (MP) and highly polluted (HP) based on similarity of water quality characteristics. The results of factor analysis/principal component analysis explained up to 83.0%, 81.7% and 82.7% of total variance in water quality data of LP, MP, and HP zones, respectively. The rotated components of PCA obtained from factor analysis indicate that the parameters responsible for water quality variations were mainly related to discharge and total pollution loads (non-point pollution source) in LP, MP and HP areas; organic and nutrient pollution in LP and HP zones; and temperature, DO and TN in LP zone. This study demonstrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for analysis and interpretation of multi-parameter, multi-location and multi-year data sets.

Effect of Seasonal Variation on Iron Release in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Analyzing the seasonal variation of water quality, the indices which include total iron, pH, temperature, DO, alkalinity and hardness were of high statistical significance, and total iron had a high correlation with temperature, which influences many parameters influencing iron release, such as DO, solution viscosity, thermodynamic properties and microbial activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that temperature is a main factor that affects iron release in seasonal change for drinking water distribution systems. Variation in season and temperature should be paid attention to in practice of water supply.

Assessment of water quality using multivariate statistical techniques in the coastal region of Visakhapatnam, India.

The present study was intended to develop a Water Quality Index (WQI) for the coastal water of Visakhapatnam, India from multiple measured water quality parameters using different multivariate statistical techniques. Cluster analysis was used to classify the data set into three major groups based on similar water quality characteristics. Discriminant analysis was used to generate a discriminant function for developing a WQI. Discriminant analysis gave the best result for analyzing the seasonal variation of water quality. It helped in data reduction and found the most discriminant parameters responsible for seasonal variation of water quality. Coastal water was classified into good, average, and poor quality considering WQI and the nutrient load. The predictive capacity of WQI was proved with random samples taken from coastal areas. High concentration of ammonia in surface water during winter was attributed to nitrogen fixation by the phytoplankton bloom which resulted due to East India Coastal Current. This study brings out the fact that water quality in the coastal region not only depends on the discharge from different pollution sources but also on the presence of different current patterns. It also illustrates the usefulness of WQI for analyzing the complex nutrient data for assessing the coastal water and identifying different pollution sources, considering reasons for seasonal variation of water quality.

Seasonal variations in water quality and major threats to Nellore Cheruvu (tank), Nellore district, India

Water is the most vital resource for the living beings to survive. India has a vast and varied inland water resource which is considered to be richest in world’s nature lakes. The physico-chemical characteristic of Nellore tank has been studied for monsoon, pre-monsoon, post-monsoon in the year. From the results water body was found to be well in the permissible limit of BIS (1998, except pH, DO, BOD and turbidity in some seasons, which may be due to anthropogenic activities in the area, and input of nutrients and other organic and inorganic substances through runoff water from agricultural fields. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10502 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 28-35

Water Quality of the upper Litani River Basin, Lebanon

Abstract Water pollution is a major problem in Lebanon, which is has been exacerbated lately. However, surface water sources are most exploited, and more certainly the water from rivers. The Litani River has been lately subjected to several aspects of deterioration in its quality. This includes the major physiochemical characteristics. The aims of this study are to assess the seasonal variations in water quality in the Upper Litani River Basin, including the Qaraaoun Lake. The collected samples were from representative sites along the river, and this was carried out at several dates during 2010 and 2011. The carried analysis implies the physical (pH, T°, TDS, EC), chemicals (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO2−4, NH3+, NO−3, PO2−4, K+, Heavy metals. This resulted numeric data are being compared with WHO guidelines. In addition, PCA was applied to evaluate the data accuracy. It can be conclude that the measured variables used are creditable for the assessment.

Study of Seasonal Variation of Water Quality of River Siang in Arunachal Pradesh, India

Growing populations may put stresses on natural waters both the quality of the water and hydrological budget. River Siang is the main river of East Siang district and also it is one of the most important tributary of the mighty River Brahmaputra drainage system. Potable quality of river water is affected by seasons and other factors. Assessments of physico-chemical parameters were carried out during July 2012 to June 2013 in the six different study sites of River Siang. Twenty (20) different water quality parameters were measured in all collected samples, including Water Colour, Air Temperature, Water Temperature, pH, DO, FCO2, Conductivity, Total alkalinity, Turbidity, total hardness, TSS, TDS, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphate, Chloride, Iron, Sodium, Manganese, Zinc. The results that are recorded in the different stations are compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) (1) and it was found that the water of River Siang may be suitable for drinking and domestic purposes because all the values are between WHO ; except the values of Iron.

Community structure of rotifers in relation to environmental factors in Lake Hongze

The spatial-temporal changes in rotifer species composition and community structure and their relationship with key environmental factors were investigated seasonally from May 2010( spring) to February 2011( winter) in a shallow freshwater lake,Lake Hongze,China.Totally 34 species of rotifer,belonging to 17 genera,were identified during the seasonal sampling.Keratella cochlearis,Asplanchna priodonta,Polyarthra dolichoptera,Brachionus calyciflorus and Keratella valga were the dominant species.Lake Hongze has three main areas that are Chengzihu,southwest and east area.The rotifer distribution in the three main areas was significantly different.There were 27,26 and 19 species in Chengzihu,southwest,east area,respectively.Meanwhile,the maximum density and biomass of rotifers was found in the southwest area of Lake Hongze while the minimum was found in the east area.In terms of seasonal variation,the density and biomass of rotifer was highest in spring,with higher values in autumn.The density and biomass in summer was lowest in the four seasons.Their relationship with environmental factors was analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis( CCA).From the result of CCA,environmental factors such as water temperature,dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a that representing seasonal variations of water quality were significantly correlated with the Axis 1 and affected the composition and the density of rotifer community.Moreover,environmental factors related to nutrient concentrations such as total phosphorus,total nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen were also important nutrient factors which influenced the community structure of rotifer of Lake Hongze.

English

The Mahmoudia Canal is the main source of municipal and industrial water supply for Alexandria (the second largest city in Egypt) and many other towns and villages. In recent years, considerable water quality degradation has been observed in the Mahmoudia Canal. This problem has attracted increasing attention from both the public and the Egyptian government. As a result, this study aims at assessing the current seasonal variations in water quality in the Mahmoudia Canal and simulating various water quality management scenarios for the canal. The present research involves the application of the water quality model, QUAL2K, to predict water quality along the Mahmoudia Canal on a seasonal basis for the considered scenarios. Based on the QUAL2K simulations, the River Pollution Index (RPI) was used to appraise the conditions of water pollution at the intakes of the twelve water treatment plants (WTPs) located along Mahmoudia Canal. The results showed that the QUAL2K model is successfully applied to simulate the water quantity and quality parameters of the Mahmoudia Canal in different seasons. For the current status of the canal, it was found that the highest pollution level occurred in autumn in which effluent water quality at all WTPs along the Mahmoudia Canal was classified as moderately polluted. In the other seasons, effluent water quality was categorized as moderately polluted at most WTPs in the Beheira governorate and negligibly polluted at all WTPs in the Alexandria governorate. Moreover, it was concluded that controlling the Rahawy drain discharge or treating its pollution loads before mixing with the Rosetta Branch may solve water quality problems of the Mahmoudia Canal and allow re-running of the Edko re-use pump station in summer, winter, and spring. However in autumn, additional measures will be required to mitigate pollution levels in the canal.

Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands, Yolo Bypass, California: Spatial and seasonal variations in water quality

The seasonal and spatial variability of water quality, including mercury species, was evaluated in agricultural and managed, non-agricultural wetlands in the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, an area managed for multiple beneficial uses including bird habitat and rice farming. The study was conducted during an 11-month period (June 2007 to April 2008) that included a summer growing season and flooded conditions during winter. Methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in surface water varied over a wide range (0.1 to 37ngL−1 unfiltered; 0.04 to 7.3ngL−1 filtered). Maximum MeHg values are among the highest ever recorded in wetlands. Highest MeHg concentrations in unfiltered surface water were observed in drainage from wild rice fields during harvest (September 2007), and in white rice fields with decomposing rice straw during regional flooding (February 2008). The ratio of MeHg to total mercury (MeHg/THg) increased about 20-fold in both unfiltered and filtered water during the growing season (June to August 2007) in the white and wild rice fields, and about 5-fold in fallow fields (July to August 2007), while there was little to no change in MeHg/THg in the permanent wetland. Sulfate-bearing fertilizer had no effect on Hg(II) methylation, as sulfate-reducing bacteria were not sulfate-limited in these agricultural wetlands. Concentrations of MeHg in filtered and unfiltered water correlated with filtered Fe, filtered Mn, DOC, and two indicators of sulfate reduction: the SO42−/Cl− ratio, and δ34S in aqueous sulfate. These relationships suggest that microbial reduction of SO42−, Fe(III), and possibly Mn(IV) may contribute to net Hg(II)-methylation in this setting.

Influence of seasonal variation in water quality on the microalgal diversity of sewage wastewater

An investigation was undertaken to assess the variation in microalgal diversity vis a vis physicochemical characteristics of sewage wastewater at monthly time intervals. Diversity analyses revealed the presence of algal members belonging to all major divisions, with a predominance of Cyanophyta. Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's diversity indices illustrated low microalgal diversity in sewage wastewater. Highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 14,000mgL−1 was recorded in December 2012. Spectrometric analyses of sewage wastewater revealed the presence of heavy metals, with Cr ranging from 3 to 4mgL−1 being detected in all the samples collected over the year. A positive correlation was found between COD and total heavy metal concentration (r=0.77). The indices of microalgal diversity showed a positive correlation with nutrients and a negative correlation with COD and heavy metal concentrations, implying the significant role of these factors in influencing the algal population. Phormidium sp. was the dominant genus present throughout the year.

Seasonal variation in water quality and fish diversity of Rampur Ghol, a wetland in Chitwan, Central Nepal

The present study was carried out on Rampur Ghol in three seasons viz., monsoon, post-monsoon and pre-monsoon from September, 2012 to April, 2013 to assess the seasonal variation in physico-chemical parameters of water and fish diversity. The analysis of various physico-chemical parameters showed significant seasonal fluctuation in the water quality. However, the Ghol water was found to be suitable for fish fauna. Similarly, fish diversity analysis showed that Rampur Ghol is rich in fish fauna with 22 species belonging to 13 families and five orders. The study showed significant decline of fish species as well as their abundance from past studies.

Seasonal Variations in Water Quality of the Ganges and Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh

Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin, Vol.2, 71-82, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16332

Study on the hydrological characteristics of the basin and the seasonal variation of water quality

Study on the hydrological characteristics of the basin and the seasonal variation of water quality

Development and application of dissolved oxygen ( DO ) and biological oxygen demand ( BOD ) model for P anshet and U jjani R eservoirs, M aharashtra, I ndia

A model of dissolved oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) was developed to assess the water quality of Panshet and Ujjani Reservoir in Maharashtra, India, to ascertain if their water was suitable for various beneficial and designated uses. The model was calibrated with observed data from these two reservoirs. Seasonal water quality variations were studied during 2010–2011 The pH of Panshet Reservoir water is almost neutral, whereas Ujjani Reservoir is marginally alkaline. A rapid decrease in DO with depth during the summer appeared to be a common phenomenon for both reservoirs. Although the mean phosphate concentrations of both reservoirs were comparable, biological growth was much higher in Ujjani Reservoir, being attributed to a higher dissolved salt concentration in Ujjani Reservoir. The nitrate (NO3−) concentrations in both reservoirs remained within a range close to the global average for unpolluted freshwater. Sewage contamination appears to be a major problem for Ujjani Reservoir, especially as it relates to domestic water uses. A two-layer, two-dimensional mathematical model also was developed to assess reservoir water quality. An explicit, second-order-accuracy finite-volume technique was used to solve two-dimensional shallow water equations. The governing equations were solved with a Mac Cormack predictor–corrector scheme. The Reynolds turbulence terms were modelled with a sub-grid-scale (SGS) model, using a large eddy simulation (LES) approach. An empirical relationship developed by Street and Phelps describing liquid–air phase demand and natural re-aeration was used to determine water quality parameters. The model was validated with numerical results from the literature. The field investigations were satisfactorily applied for the simulation of hydrodynamics and the prediction of DO and BOD in Panshet and Ujjani Reservoir.