Seasonal Agricultural Workers Research Articles

Review of the Knowledge, Barriers, and Facilitators of HPV Vaccination among Latino Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers in the United States.

One subgroup of Latinos whose healthcare needs must be more thoroughly addressed is the roughly three million farmworkers pursuing seasonal agricultural work within the United States (U.S.). Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW) face compounded political, social, and personal contexts that complicate healthcare access. Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine prevents HPV infections and cancers, uptake among Hispanic adolescents remains suboptimal. Therefore, it is important to understand Latino MSFW's HPV knowledge, as well as barriers to and facilitators of vaccination so culturally appropriate measures can bolster vaccination. An integrative review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using key search terms. Results were evaluated for compatibility with inclusion/exclusion criteria, and selected articles were coded and evaluated via thematic analysis. Six studies of various designs were ultimately included in the review. While some Latino MSFW have baseline knowledge about HPV and the vaccine, knowledge gaps remain. Participants expressed curiosity about how the vaccine works, contents, side effects, dosing, recommended age, and information about prevented diseases. Although additional education and MSFW's receptiveness to provider's recommendations were cited as major facilitators, many barriers also need addressed. Providers must leverage MSFW's existing knowledge, provide education, and facilitate vaccination to protect farmworker families from HPV and related cancers. It must become standard practice for providers to recommend the HPV vaccine to MSFW, who are receptive to this conversation. Increasing vaccination can decrease the disproportionate burden of HPV-related cancers on patients and facilitate access to healthcare services.

Evaluation of Seasonal Hazelnut Workers' Emergency Department Applications in Ordu Province: A Retrospective Study

Objective: In Turkey, agricultural worker migration occurs in order to maintain different regulations and management in different seasons. Seasonal agricultural workers (SAWs) may also cause problems such as not knowing the conditions of the region they go to, experiencing health problems due to seasonal conditions, and increased workload in local institutions brought about by population growth due to humidity. This study aimed to evaluate the emergency service applications of seasonal hazelnut workers during the hazelnut harvesting season and to find solutions to possible health problems. Method: It was a single-center, retrospective study and the applications of seasonal hazelnut workers who applied to the local tertiary emergency department between 01 August 2022 and 30 September 2022 were evaluated. The socio-demographic characteristics of non-pregnant patients aged 18 and over, their reasons for admission to the emergency department, and the treatments they received were recorded. Results: 400 patients with no missing data were included in the study. 60.2% of the patients included in the study were female and 19% were SAWs who were not registered in the population of Ordu province. It was determined that the most common causes of SAWs in emergency department admissions were allergic reactions with at 37.3% and trauma with at 26%. Conclusion: It is observed that SAWs increase the rates of emergency service admissions during the hazelnut harvesting season. We think that in this period, the employment of healthcare personnel should be increased, SAWs should be trained in terms of diseases that may occur due to environmental factors and working conditions, and the necessary health plans should be determined in advance.

Evaluation of Variables Affecting Depression Symptoms in Seasonal Agricultural Workers

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to examine the depression and related factors of seasonal agricultural work (SAW) patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) in the light of sociodemographic data. Material and Method: The patients’ functionality levels were measured with the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) and their depression levels with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Data of 47 patients, including 28 females and 19 males, were analysed. While the genders were similar in terms of mean age (p=0.809), the duration of education was higher in males (p=0.027). The presence of additional psychiatric disorders other than MDD was higher in females (p=0.027). History of alcohol and substance abuse was more common in males (p0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between GAS and BDI (r=-0.864; p

Water insecurity among seasonal agriculture workers: perspectives from Spanish professionals

BackgroundMigrant seasonal agricultural workers face conditions of material vulnerability such as inadequate housing difficulties prevent access to running water supplies. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of professionals involved in the care and support of seasonal migrant agricultural workers, as it relates to water access and water consumption and their impact on these workers’ health, in a context of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative exploratory and descriptive study was conducted in 2021 as part of a larger research project, based on 63 personal semi-structured interviews with professionals who provided support to seasonal migrant agricultural workers in three Spanish autonomous regions. COREQ checklist was used for reporting. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and imported into ATLAS.ti-9 for an inductive thematic analysis. Results: The results have been structured into two main themes: (1) Accessing and obtaining water; and (2) Health problems related to water consumption. Seasonal migrant agricultural workers experience barriers to obtaining safe water for hygiene, cleaning, food preparation and drinking. The implementation of regulations to reduce COVID-19 transmission resulted in improved hygiene levels in the migrants’ quarters, including access to safe drinking water. Conclusion: This study suggests that water insecurity experienced by migrant seasonal agricultural workers in Spain results from their poor living conditions and causes health problems related to a lack of hygiene and the use of unsafe water. Sustainable solutions are needed beyond the pandemic in order to provide migrant workers with adequate living conditions and ensure their water needs are fulfilled.

Childrens’ attachment story-completions and their theory of mind in three Turkish contexts: Seasonal migrant agricultural worker communities, residential group homes, and rural villages

ABSTRACT This study examines the association between attachment story-completions, as evaluated by a representational attachment measure, and theory of mind (ToM) among 204 socioeconomically disadvantaged children aged four to six years living in three distinct Turkish contexts: Seasonal migrant agricultural worker (SMAW) communities, residential group homes (RGHs), and rural villages. Attachment story-completions and ToM were found to be related to the distinct contexts children were living in. In the SMAW communities, higher number of children showed insecure dominant attachment, with only one in four having secure dominant attachment. About half of the children in the RGHs had insecure dominant attachment. However, the majority of village children exhibited secure dominant attachment. Furthermore, irrespective of the context, secure dominant attachment was found to have a substantial positive influence on children’s ToM. Findings suggest that early intervention programs tailored to address emotional needs and support cognitive skills may be the most effective in helping children in these contexts.

“It’s like We’re Still in Slavery”: Stress as Distress and Discourse among Jamaican Farm Workers in Ontario, Canada

For more than fifty years, Jamaican farm workers have been seasonally employed in Canada under the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). In Canada, these workers live and work in conditions that make them vulnerable to various health issues, including poor mental health. This ethnographic study investigated Jamaican SAWP workers’ mental health experiences in Southern Ontario. Several common factors that engender psychological distress among Jamaican workers, ranging from mild to extreme suffering, were uncovered and organised into five themes: (1) family, (2) work environments and SAWP relations, (3) living conditions and isolation, (4) racism and social exclusion, and (5) illness and injury. I found that Jamaican workers predominantly use the term ‘stress’ to articulate distress, and they associate experiences of suffering with historic plantation slavery. Analysis of workers’ stress discourses revealed their experiences of psychological distress are structured by the conditions of the SAWP and their social marginalisation in Ontario. This article presents and discusses these findings in the context of SAWP power dynamics and concludes with policy recommendations aimed at improving the mental health of all SAWP workers. In foregrounding the experiences of Jamaican workers, this study addresses the dearth of research on the health and wellbeing of Caribbean SAWP workers.

Harvesting precarity: The regimes governing migrant labor in Türkiye’s agricultural sector

Migrant labor is widely used in agricultural production in many parts of Türkiye especially during the harvesting season. This article explores the precaritization process of seasonal agricultural labor markets in Türkiye by highlighting how three regimes—migration management, labor bonding and recruitment—work simultaneously to regulate migrant labor supply. By attracting vulnerable and cheap labor of Syrian, Azeri and Georgian workers, the Turkish agricultural sector has extended its reach to the most disadvantaged groups and intensified the precaritization of the labor force. Based on empirical findings from previous fieldworks conducted between 2015 and 2019 in various agricultural sites throughout Türkiye, this paper argues that precaritization is not only a result of working conditions and job characteristics in the agricultural sector but also a consequence of these three regimes working harmoniously as they generate competition among different worker groups for existing jobs. While migration regime and restrictions on migrant labor determine migrant and refugee labor’s living and working conditions, intermediaries and ethnic ties also facilitate the integration of precarious labor into seasonal wage work. The paper provides valuable insights into the dynamics of labor exploitation in the agricultural sector in Türkiye and the need for regulatory mechanisms that protect the rights of seasonal agricultural workers.

“Non-Lieu” of women seasonal agricultural workers in everyday life geographies: A study on the sample of Şanlıurfa

Gündelik yaşam coğrafyalarında gündelik pratikleri ve toplumsal mekânı örgütleyen toplumsal ilişkiler sisteminin sürekliliği içinde kadınlar, farklı mekânsal dokularda benzer gündelik-mekânsal pratiklerini deneyimlemektedir. Toplumsal aktörlerin etkileşimleri gündelik-mekânsal pratikler aracılığıyla zamana ve mekâna içkin dinamiklere göre farklılaşır ya da aynılaşır. Bu araştırmada mevsimlik tarım işçisi kadınların gündelik-mekânsal pratiklerini, sürekli olarak ikamet ettikleri kentsel mekân ile çalışma alanları olan tarladaki iktidar ilişkileri bağlamında nasıl ve ne şekillerde deneyimlediklerini incelenmektedir. Bu analiz için Lefebvre’nin toplumsal mekân ile gündelik yaşam eleştirisine odaklanan teorisi ve Bourdieu’nün toplumsal aktörlerin pratiklerini toplumsal uzam içindeki konumları üzerinden değerlendiren sermaye, alan ve habitus kavramlarından yararlanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Şanlıurfa kent merkezinde ağırlıklı olarak mevsimlik tarım işçilerinin yaşadığı üç mahallede mevsimlik tarım işçisi kadınlarla yarı yapılandırılmış ve derinlemesine görüşme teknikleri kullanılarak saha araştırması yapılmış, elde edilen bulgular nitel olarak analiz edilmiştir.

The Canadian ‘War of the Two Sugars’: Homegrown Sugar Beets and the Racial Stratification of Labour

Abstract This paper provides a history of more than a century of efforts to establish and maintain a homegrown Canadian sugar supply – a twentieth-century version of what Eric Williams called the ‘war of the two sugars’, or the global competition between sugar beet and cane. To resolve beet sugar’s so-called ‘labour problem’, the industry has collaborated with the Canadian state to produce new classes of temporary workers, mobilising incarcerated Japanese Canadians, migrant Indigenous families, and Mexican and Caribbean workers employed through the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program. At the same time, the sugar industry has sought to refine itself of the racialised workers upon whom it relies by promoting the figure of the white Canadian worker. The Canadian ‘war of the two sugars’ has been fought through the stratification of the labour force along the lines of citizenship, resulting in the production of unique racial forms.

The impact of the influx of Syrian refugees on rural areas of Türkiye

The rapid and significant influx of Syrian refugees to Türkiye, has transformed rural communities in Türkiye significantly in terms of living space, social and economic aspects. This study was conducted through a time-series survey over approximately four years beginning in 2016. The study area selected for this study was Çukurkuyu town, situated within the Niğde province in the Central Anatolia region of Türkiye. We argue that over this time period, conflicts and frictions between locals and Syrian refugees changed in terms of the object and intensity of the conflicts over time. The community members in the study area experienced significant confusion and conflict in the early days following large influxes of Syrian refugees. However, as refugees gradually migrated to urban areas in large numbers, and living spaces became separated from local people, confusion and conflicts were alleviated. On the other hand, competition for employment with seasonal Turkish agricultural workers living in the same temporary residential areas and engaged in the same agricultural activities, and conflicts over wage decreases emerged.

NoBodies

<p>The production of fruit, vegetables, and other horticultural crops in Canada relies upon the embodied labour of migrant agricultural workers who plant, prune, and harvest these crops. Using a feminist geopolitical lens, I foreground the bodies of these workers as these bodies are situated at the intersection of everyday lived experiences and systems of capitalist production through, in this case, Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). Drawing on workers’ experiences of their bodies in the context of the regulatory provisions of the SAWP, I highlight the contradictory disembodiment of agricultural workers at the same time that their bodies are necessary to provide the physical labour at the heart of fruit and vegetable production. The disembodiment of these workers is possible because of their status as racialized non-citizens: while Canadians can insist upon the recognition of their bodies, migrant agricultural workers cannot. The disjuncture between embodied labour and embodied subjectivities was exacerbated with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately affected on migrant agricultural workers – through their bodies – while in Canada. Given the relative safety afforded to those who held citizenship (and other permanent) status in Canada, I argue that the active disembodiment of migrant agricultural workers in Canada demonstrates the ways that embodiment is a privilege that is tightly bound to citizenship.</p>

The Impact of COVID-19 on Migrant Agricultural Workers in Ontario

Migrant agricultural workers (MAWs) who enter the province through the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) were disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to gaps in the policy that ensure they are treated fairly.

From Migrant to Transnational Families’ Mental Health: An Ethnography of Five Mexican Families Participating in Agricultural Labour in Canada

This focused critical ethnography aimed to deepen our understanding of the impact of participating in a temporary, cyclical, low-wage migration program on the mental and emotional health (MEH) of Mexican women and their non-migrating family members. Except for global care chains research, the field of migrant mental health has paid limited attention to the importance of transnational family dynamics and the MEH of relatives beyond the workers’ children. The current study broadens this framework to examine how family-level changes brought about by migration affect the MEH not only the migrant and her children, but also extended family members. Participants included five women employed in the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program and an average of five non-migrating members of their families in Mexico. The study combined four data generation methods: participant observation, ‘emojional’ calendars, semi-structured interviews, and sociodemographic questionnaires. Study participants’ MEH was significantly influenced by gendered selection processes and the cyclical pattern of migration. Similar impacts were observed within and across four groups of participants (workers, their children, the children’s caregivers, and extended family members) during their periods apart and together. There were significant effects of their relative’s migration on the MEH of extended family members, a population group commonly overlooked in the literature. Findings from this study suggest that public health research, programs, and policies using a transnational approach are best suited to effectively address the impacts of migration on the MEH of migrants and their non-migrating families.

Essential Work: Eastern European Immigrants and Models of Participation

This article investigates the relationship between a marginalised community of essential workers and dominant models of participation. I focus on Agri-Care, The Royals, and Alien Species, projects created in collaboration between Eastern European seasonal agricultural workers in Jersey and the artist Alicja Rogalska, and analyse them through a productive confrontation with theories of participation. I begin by juxtaposing Jacques Rancière’s ideas of aesthetic regime as interpreted by Claire Bishop, to Rogalska’s sculpting workshops conducted with Jersey Royal potato pickers. I argue that Rogalska shifts the aesthetic experience from audiences onto participants, repositioning ‘unskilled’, manual labour as craft, and uncovering seasonal workers as craftspeople, holding expertise. As a result, Rogalska disassembles the idea of low-skilled labour. The article then confronts Miwon Kwon’s ideas of a disobedient community with Rogalska’s making of a community, ostensibly coherent and ‘compliant’ but subverting the fleeting group of temporary workers into a permanent precariat, the backbone of the local economy. The participatory process and its subsequent introduction into the local archives, I argue, impose a different relation between permanent and temporary locals of Jersey, with the latter now embedded into local institutions. I end by considering why these participatory projects seem incompatible with theories on participation and suggest this incompatibility stems from the arts’ preoccupation with virtuosic labour. The concept of artists as the ultimate precarious workers of late-capitalism, I argue, excludes the communities at the extreme of late capitalist exploitation from artistic attention and the scope of art subsidy, depoliticising art practice in the process.

Sociocultural problems of seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Manisa region (Turkey): a qualitative study

Agriculture is a mode of production that maintains its importance for humanity across all historical periods. Despite the development of technology and the mechanization that comes with it, agricultural labour continues to be the basic element of agricultural production. Seasonal work is one of the most common types of agricultural work, which is shaped by the different production conditions in a country. In Turkey, where agricultural product diversity is quite high due to a favourable climate, most agricultural workers migrate to different regions seasonally for work in agricultural production. Therefore, it is important to evaluate this group’s problems and life experiences from sociocultural and economic perspectives. In this respect, research was carried out using qualitative techniques in the towns of Kavaklidere and Piyadeler in the Alasehir District of Manisa Province. These regions are important seasonal destinations for migrant agricultural workers during harvest periods. These regions produce 1/3 of the seedless raisins in the country. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 seasonal migrant agricultural workers determined by judgemental sampling, and semistructured observations were carried out in the research area. Based on the results of this research, this study reveals that seasonal migrant agricultural workers in the region live at standards far below the general welfare level of society. Workers generally do not have social security. However, seasonal agricultural work for migrants has turned into a regular work- and lifestyle. The most important reason for this situation is poverty in rural areas. The workers are different from the local people in terms of ethnic origin. However, there is a long-standing relationship of trust between the local people and the workers. Workers do not have any problems with wages. These are other factors that ensure the continuity of seasonal agricultural work. In this context, this study proposes that the project (METIP) carried out by the government for seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Turkey should be transformed into an employment-guaranteed national programme that includes solutions for all the problems identified in the field studies.

Enforcing outsiders’ rights: seasonal agricultural workers and institutionalised exploitation in the EU

ABSTRACT Enforcement is a crucial aspect for understanding labour market hierarchies in Europe and exploitation of mobile and migrant EU workers. Whereas most literature on intra-EU mobility and enforcement has focused on posted workers, this paper sheds light on enforcement in seasonal agriculture and forestry where posted work is very uncommon yet mobile workers overrepresented. In the EU, enforcement highly depends on Member States’ capacities. Therefore, we explore how labour rights, and specifically wages, are enforced across four EU Member States with different enforcement regimes, namely Austria, Germany, Sweden and the UK. In line with existing research, we expect that enforcement will be more effective also in agriculture/forestry where it is organised mainly through industrial relations, as opposed to administrative or judicial enforcement. Nevertheless, our review of enforcement practices suggests that seasonal agricultural and forestry workers’ rights are neglected across countries, irrespective of enforcement regime. We argue that the scant efforts made to enforce these workers’ rights amounts to institutionalised exploitation of labour market outsiders and that administrative enforcement is necessary to ensure hypermobile workers’ rights. We also draw attention to the contradictory role of the EU and its simultaneous attempt to strengthen and weaken enforcement.

The Fundamental Institution: Poverty, Social Welfare, and Agriculture in American Poor Farms by Megan Birk

Reviewed by: The Fundamental Institution: Poverty, Social Welfare, and Agriculture in American Poor Farms by Megan Birk Thomas Alter The Fundamental Institution: Poverty, Social Welfare, and Agriculture in American Poor Farms. By Megan Birk. (Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 2022. Pp. x, 288. Paper, $30.00, ISBN 978-0-252-08645-8; cloth, $110.00, ISBN 978-0-252-04438-0.) In The Fundamental Institution: Poverty, Social Welfare, and Agriculture in American Poor Farms, Megan Birk reminds readers that “for generations,” from the end of the Civil War to the New Deal, poor farms “served . . . as the backbone of localized social welfare” (p. 2). At their height “in the early 1900s, there were at least 2,400 relief institutions operating in the United States,” and as Birk observes, most of these institutions were “farm-based” (p. 4). Despite its multigenerational existence and presence in numerous communities, the rural poorhouse has become a largely forgotten aspect of U.S. history. The Fundamental Institution provides a history of poor farms from their proliferation in the 1870s to the 1930s, when the increased federalization of social welfare brought about a sharp decline in their use. “To understand social welfare in U.S. history,” Birk argues, “it is necessary to understand poor farms” (p. 4). According to Birk, although much of the historiography of social welfare in the United States has focused on antebellum almshouses and urban poor-houses, expansive poverty relief efforts in the nation took place on farms in rural areas. The study of poor farms gives insight into how local communities viewed, managed, and dispensed social welfare over time as the populations of the farms and the character of the aid provided changed over the decades. The book is national in its scope, though it mainly looks at poor farms in the West, the Midwest, and the South. As Birk notes, “Poor farms tended to be white spaces, managed by white people for other white people” (p. 7). In the South, [End Page 375] “racism and discrimination” prevented nonwhite people from accessing poor farms (p. 4). Even so, Birk brings in their experiences when the sources permit. She has harvested extensive information from the records of poor farms throughout the country and the local and state agencies overseeing the poor farms, newspaper accounts, and the proceedings of organizations such as the National Conference of Charities and Corrections. The Fundamental Institution is very much an institutional history of poor farms with chapters devoted to local management and state inspections, conditions on the farms, and the role of superintendents. However, there is also a chapter dedicated to “the roles of women as employees and residents” (p. 13). As Birk notes, women “not only made up a critical part of the staff of institutions, but also used them for reasons related to abuse, pregnancy, and abandonment” (p. 13). Though it is primarily an institutional history, Birk’s book humanizes the narrative by examining the conditions that pushed people onto poor farms and by doling out the personal stories of residents. Birk shows how poor farms represented “one of the last vestiges of institutionalized Jeffersonian agrarianism,” linking farming, local control, and self-sufficiency (p. 10). Poor farms consolidated food, housing, and medical expenses, using the farm’s produce to help offset some of these costs. County farms initially provided relief to a population of mostly male, landless, seasonal agricultural workers who had difficulty finding regular employment due to economic depression, age, or disability. As industrial capitalism changed work, agriculture, and society as a whole, the poor farm changed with them. Poor farms took in a wide range of destitute individuals, including the elderly and the mentally ill, who could no longer be supported by family networks. As time progressed, the need for specialization became apparent, and separate institutions were established for the mentally ill. Many poor farms transitioned into nursing homes during the twentieth century. The Great Depression and the growth of federal intervention in social services sped these changes, resulting in the closure of many poor farms. Historical memory of the period between the 1870s and the 1920s has often viewed relief as coming from private charities that identified poverty with...

A Comparison Quality of Life of Children of Seasonal Agricultural Workers and Local Residents in Turkey

ABSTRACT Objectives Children of seasonal agricultural workers (SAW) live in the worst conditions of agricultural labor and, consequently, face many health risks. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of these children. This study aimed to compare the QoL between children of SAW and local residents in semi-rural areas of Eskisehir, Turkey, and determine the factors affecting them. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included children of SAW living in temporary camp areas and those of local residents visiting the Family Health Center close to the camp areas. Basic sociodemographic data collection forms and the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) scale were employed for data collection. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine factors that had a significant effect on the QoL. Results We included 324 children of SAW and 256 local children. As per the multivariate analysis, QoL was lower in children aged between 8 and 12 years, with physician-diagnosed chronic diseases, and children of SAW. Also, there was no significant association between gender, parental education levels, family income, number of siblings, school attendance status, and QoL level. Conclusion The QoL of children of SAW families was significantly lower than their peer local children. Therefore, the appropriate authorities must prioritize the planning and implementation of health services for SAW families.

Invisible and Unheard of Seasonal Agricultural Work: Elderly Workers

Bu araştırmanın amacı mevsimlik tarım işçisi yaşlı bireylerin yaşam ve çalışma deneyimlerini anlamak, yaşadıkları sorunlara dikkat çekmek ve sosyal hizmet gereksinimlerini değerlendirmektir. Nitel bir araştırma olan bu çalışmada fenomenolojik desen kullanılmıştır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu” ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma öznelerine kartopu örnekleme ile ulaşılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Sivas iline mevsimlik tarım işinde çalışmak amacıyla gelen 60 yaş ve üzeri 11 kadın 19 erkek toplam 30 bireyle görüşme yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yaklaşımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Mevsimlik tarım işçisi yaşlı bireylerin sağlık, bakım ve barınma, çalışma koşulları, ekonomik, sosyal güvenlik, beslenme, ulaşım, sosyal dışlanma, sosyal hizmetler ve politika konularında pek çok sorun deneyimledikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunda mevsimlik tarım işçilerinin yaşadıkları sorunları gidermeye ve bu bağlamda gereksinimlerini karşılamaya yönelik sosyal politika, hizmet ve uygulamaların yetersiz olmasının etkisinin büyük olduğu düşünülmektedir. Mevsimlik tarım işçisi yaşlı bireylerin ihtiyaçlarını gidermek ve yaşam koşullarını iyileştirmek için hak temelli, sistematik, bütüncül, kapsayıcı, yaşlı merkezli ve yaşlıların yüksek yararını önceleyen politikaların üretilmesi, hizmetlerin sunulması ve müdahalelerin gerçekleştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Mevsimlik Tarım İşçisi Erkeklerin Testis Kanserine Yönelik Sağlık İnançlarının ve Testis Kanseri Erken Tanı Davranışlarının İncelenmesi

Background: One of the most effective methods of early detection of testicular cancer is applying testicular self examination. This study was conducted to determine the testicular cancer health beliefs and testicular cancer early diagnosis behaviors of young adult male seasonal agricultural workers. Materials and Methods: The study was of descriptive type and its sample consisted of 300 individu-als. Data were collected using Champion's Health Belief Model Scale in Testicular Cancer Screening and descriptive information form. In the analysis of the data, t-test and chi-square test were per-formed in independent groups. Results: It was determined that 6.3% of the individuals did at least one testicular self-examination during their lifetime and the total mean score of the health belief model scale was 15.39 ± 4.62. Conclusions: It is seen that the rate of individuals doing testicular self-examination and their health beliefs are not at the preferred level. For this reason, awareness studies should be carried out on testicular cancer and its early diagnosis. Key Words: Testicular cancer, Testicular self-examination, Seasonal agricultural worker