Seasonal Activity Research Articles

Impact of Atmospheric Parameters on Human Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs)

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a significant public health issue globally, with varying degrees of severity and implications. Environmental factors, particularly atmospheric parameters, can exacerbate these health conditions. Understanding the relationship between atmospheric conditions and RTIs is crucial for effective public health interventions. This systematic literature review analyzes research on the impact of atmospheric parameters on RTIs through a systematic search across multiple electronic databases using different keyword combinations. The retrieved articles were categorized based on atmospheric parameters investigated, such as temperature, humidity, air pollution, and rainfall. The review findings indicate that various atmospheric factors, including wind speed, air pollution (PM10, PM2.5, CO, and O3), air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity, influence the occurrence and severity of respiratory infections. Low wind speed and high air pollution were identified as risk factors for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). In children, meteorological factors like air temperature, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, sunlight hours, wind speed, and relative humidity were associated with lower respiratory tract infections. Pollutants like PM2.5, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and tropospheric ozone directly impact pediatric respiratory infections. Climate variables affect the seasonal activity of pathogens like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). These findings underscore the importance of considering atmospheric parameters in understanding and preventing RTIs. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach integrating environmental and public health interventions. This approach can better mitigate the effects of atmosphere-related risks on respiratory health.

Role of Source, Mineralogy, and Organic Complexation on Lability and Fe Isotopic Composition of Terrestrial Fe sources to the Gulf of Alaska.

Iron (Fe) is a key trace nutrient supporting marine primary production, and its deposition in the surface ocean can impact multiple biogeochemical cycles. Understanding Fe cycling in the subarctic is key for tracking the fate of particulate-bound sources of oceans in a changing climate. Recently, Fe isotope ratios have been proposed as a potential tool to trace sources of Fe to the marine environment. Here, we investigate the Fe isotopic composition of terrestrial sources of Fe including glacial sediment, loess, volcanic ash, and wildfire aerosols, all from Alaska. Results show that the δ56Fe values of glaciofluvial silt, glacial dissolved load, volcanic ash, and wildfire aerosols fall in a restricted range of δ56Fe values from -0.02 to +0.12‰, in contrast to the broader range of Fe isotopic compositions observed in loess, -0.50 to +0.13‰. The Fe isotopic composition of the dissolved load of glacial meltwater was consistently lighter compared to its particulate counterpart. The 'aging' (exposure to environmental conditions) of volcanic ash did not significantly fractionate the Fe isotopic composition. The Fe isotopic composition of wildfire aerosols collected during an active fire season in Alaska in the summer of 2019 was not significantly fractionated from those of the average upper continental crust composition. We find that the δ56Fe values of loess (<5 μm fraction) were more negative (-0.32 to +0.05‰) with respect to all samples measured here, had the highest proportion of easily reducible Fe (5.9-59.6%), and were correlated with the degree of chemical weathering and organic matter content. Transmission electron spectroscopy measurements indicate an accumulation of amorphous Fe phases in the loess. Our results indicate that Fe isotopes can be related to Fe lability when in the presence of organic matter and that higher organic matter content is associated with a distinctly more negative Fe isotope signature likely due to Fe-organic complexation.

High Prevalence of Varus Knee Malalignment in Adolescent Football Players-Clinical Lower Leg Axis Measurements of Male Junior Football Players Aged 7 to 18 Years.

Football, as the most popular sport worldwide, has long been under suspicion of causing varus knee alignment as early as adolescence. However, no causal relationship has yet been found. The first step to do so would be to determine the prevalence of lower leg malalignment among male junior football players depending on age, performance level and the number of active seasons played. Leg axis alignment in frontal plane was determined in male junior football players of different age levels between 7 and 18 years by measuring the intercondylar/intermalleolar distance (ICD/IMD) in an upright position. In addition to anthropometric data, multiple sport-specific data such as the start of their football career or training time per week were collected by means of questionnaires (clinical trial registration number: DRKS00020446). 207 male junior football players were included in this survey. The mean age was 12.8 years. Within the group of 15 to 18 year olds, the prevalence of varus knee malalignment was highest at just under a third (32.1%). In the subpopulation that played actively for more than ten seasons, 28.9% showed varus leg axis. Regarding performance level, the highest IMD/ICD values and highest prevalence of varus alignment were found among football players who play on a semi-professional level (16.7%), compared to amateur (11.4%) and high-performance levels (2.8%). Further research is necessary to investigate if this high prevalence of varus knee in children of a higher age and higher playing levels is due to the selection bias of football players with varus knee or a real development of varus knee in individuals.

The influence of abiotic factors on the development of caterpillars of the chestnut transient moth (Cameraria ohridella Deschka &amp; Dimic) in laboratory conditions

Goal. To investigate the effect of abiotic factors on the duration of development of the caterpillars of the chestnut transient moth, and the ability of the caterpillars to penetrate another leaf of bitter chestnut in laboratory conditions. Methods. In laboratory conditions, experiments were conducted to determine the duration of development of moth caterpillars at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30°C, with and without illumination. Chestnut moth caterpillars of different ages were previously selected in natural conditions. In the laboratory, they were placed in thermostats according to their age (10 specimens each), and kept at the appropriate temperature until pupation. To test their ability to re-penetrate the leaves, caterpillars of different ages were removed from the primary leaf and planted on another. Artificial lighting was applied (round the clock) using 4 fluorescent lamps PHILIPS TLD18W/54-765 with a power of 18 W. The experiment was repeated 10 times. Accounting was carried out daily. Statistical processing of data was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Results. During the experiment, it was determined that moth caterpillars are not able to re-enter another chestnut leaf. During the study of the influence of abiotic factors on the duration of the development of caterpillars, it became known that under a temperature regime of 15°C and without lighting, their survival is significantly lower than with lighting. In conditions of complete darkness, 24.4% of the pest was frightened, and with lighting — 58.8%. At the same time, the results of the experiment also showed the importance of the effect of the temperature regime on the maintenance of these insects. Thus, the greatest death of caterpillars was recorded at a temperature of 15°C, when the temperature increased to 20—25°C, this indicator gradually decreased, but when the holding temperature increased to 30°C, the death rate increased again. Thus, we came to the conclusion that it is possible to keep the chestnut moth in laboratory conditions only during the period of its seasonal activity in nature. It is at this time that it becomes possible to study it more thoroughly, and to search for ecological means to reduce the number of chestnuts. Conclusions. Chestnut moth caterpillars are not able to re-enter another chestnut leaf, and their full development is possible only inside mines, where there are optimal conditions for this. The greatest mortality of young caterpillars in laboratory conditions was observed at storage temperatures of 15 and 30°С. The optimal temperature regime for this stage of pest development is 20—25°C. Therefore, keeping these caterpillars in laboratory conditions is effective only during the period of their seasonal activity in nature.

Seasonal variation in abundance and characteristics of microplastic in sewage sludge from major cities across the upper stretch of River Ganga, India.

Microplastic (MP) load in urban sewage sludge could vary annually in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) depending on seasonal precipitation and human activities. We investigated the seasonal dynamics in abundance and characterization of MP loading in WWTPs located in two cities across River Ganga, India's ecologically sensitive upper stretch. During a 12-month seasonal sampling (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon), sludge samples (n = 36) (primary sludge, PS; drying bed sludge, DBS) were collected and analyzed for load, polymer types, shape, colour, and size (20-1000µm). Across the three seasons, MP concentrations (particles/kg) were found to be in the ranges of 93.4 ± 5.0 × 103-189.4 ± 11 × 103 in the PS and 39.6 ± 4.0 × 103-152.0 ± 7 × 103 in the DBS. The trend of MP loading was in the following order: monsoon > post-monsoon > pre-monsoon. The dominant MP size was 50-200µm (36.22%) followed by 20-50µm (27.65%), 200-500µm (24.55%) and 500-1000µm (11.58%). ATR-FTIR results revealed polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, and nylon dominating MP in sludge. This study highlights the importance of long-term monitoring of MP loading in sewage sludge to offer a more accurate estimate of MP contamination in sludge from WWTPs and develop a possible mechanism for its elimination to safeguard the environment.

High thermal quality rookeries facilitate high thermoregulatory accuracy in pregnant female rattlesnakes

Temperature is a primary factor influencing organismal development, and the fluctuating daily and seasonal thermal regimes of temperate climates may challenge the ability of viviparous reptiles to optimize body temperatures during gestation. Testing how viviparous reptiles navigate highly variable thermal conditions (e.g., relatively cold nights and/or highly fluctuating temperatures) is a powerful way to understand how they use microhabitats for thermoregulatory benefits. We assessed the thermal ecology of pregnant and non-pregnant female Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) inhabiting a high-elevation, montane shrubland in northwest Colorado throughout their short summer active season, addressing the thermal consequences of microhabitat selection with a focus on thermoregulation of pregnant females at communal rookery sites. We deployed operative temperature models to collect data on the thermal quality of microhabitats used by the snakes, and calculated thermoregulatory accuracy of the snakes by comparing their field-active body temperatures with preferred body temperatures of snakes placed in a thermal gradient. Pregnant females inhabited rocky, hilltop rookeries that had higher thermal quality due to higher and less variable nighttime temperatures compared to microhabitats in the surrounding prairie. Pregnant females therefore thermoregulated more accurately than non-pregnant females. The difference was most pronounced during the night, when pregnant females at rookeries maintained higher body temperatures than non-pregnant snakes in the prairie. Our results support the hypothesis that one major reason female rattlesnakes at high latitudes and/or high elevations forgo migration and gestate at communal, rocky, hilltop rookeries is that, relative to prairie microhabitats, they provide better conditions for thermoregulation during pregnancy.

Invasive shrubs differentially alter autumnal activity for three common small-mammal species.

Seasonal variation in animal activity influences fitness and the intensity of ecological interactions (e.g., competition, predation), yet aspects of global change in the Anthropocene may catalyze shifts in seasonal activity. Invasive plants are components of global change and can modify animal daily activity, but their influence on animal seasonal activity is less understood. We examined how invasive woody shrubs (Autumn olive [Elaeagnus umbellata] and Amur honeysuckle [Lonicera maackii]) affect seasonal activity of three common small-mammal species by coupling experimental shrub removal with autumnal camera trapping for two consecutive years at six paired forest sites (total 12 plots). Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) foraged more, and foraging was observed at least 20 days longer, in shrub-invaded forests. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) foraged more in invaded than cleared plots in one study year, but P. leucopus autumn activity timing did not differ between shrub-removal treatments. Fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) activity displayed year-specific responses to shrub removal suggesting intraannual cues (e.g., temperature) structure S. niger autumnal activity. Our work highlights how plant invasions can have species-specific effects on seasonal animal activity, may modify the timing of physiological processes (e.g., torpor), and could generate variation in animal-mediated interactions such as seed dispersal or granivory.

Precocious maturation and semi-multivoltine lifecycle in a subtropical grass lizard, Takydromus toyamai

Abstract There are many short-lived animals, but those displaying a lifecycle with more than one generation per year (multivoltine lifecycle) are rare among terrestrial vertebrates. The multivoltine lifecycle requires rapid growth and maturation and a long active season. Thus, small lizards in humid tropical or subtropical areas are candidates for multivoltine lifecycles. To test this prediction, we conducted a capture-mark-recapture study of a subtropical grass lizard, Takydromus toyamai, endemic to Miyako Islands, Japan. Juveniles grew very quickly, averaging 0.3 mm/day in the warm season, and attained sexual maturity at 2.5 months post-hatching. The breeding season was very long, and hatchlings emerged from May to November. The prolonged breeding season and rapid growth to maturity allowed some individuals to produce a second generation in their first year. Estimates of hatching date from growth rates indicated that many females that hatched in May–June became gravid 76–120 days after hatching and 122–165 days after oviposition of the eggs from which they hatched. Analyses of juvenile survivorship and month of hatching suggest that nearly half of breeding adults were members of multivoltine generations, although the 2 generations were not discrete. The species is short-lived, with only 16% of individuals surviving beyond 12 months, and few individuals reproduced in a second year. We refer to this condition as a “semi-multivoltine lifecycle.” Individuals that hatch late in the season defer reproduction until the following year and become founders of the next season’s cohort. This putative advantage of late-hatching individuals may have driven the evolution of this lifecycle.

Systematic-Ecological Estimation of Seasonal Activity of Dehydrogenase in Drained Swamp Soils of the Interstream Area of the Ob and Tom Rivers

Systematic-Ecological Estimation of Seasonal Activity of Dehydrogenase in Drained Swamp Soils of the Interstream Area of the Ob and Tom Rivers

Impacts of seasonal activities and traffic conditions on the contamination and accumulation of gully pot sediments: Metal(loid)s and organic substances

Gully pots (GPs) are an integral urban drainage component, transferring surface runoff into piped systems and reducing sediment and contaminant load on downstream sewers and receiving waters. Sediment build-up in GPs impairs their hydraulic performance, necessitating maintenance for hydraulic function recovery. The variations in sediment accumulation rates between GPs suggested by earlier studies challenge the effectiveness of adopting a generalised maintenance frequency. This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding how various factors influence sediment contamination in GPs. The impacts of seasonal activities and traffic conditions on the contamination of sediments in 27 GPs in areas with varying traffic intensities and street features (roundabouts, intersections, and straight roads) were examined. Over one year, GPs were emptied twice, with sediments collected for winter-spring and summer-autumn accumulation periods. These sediments were analysed for 84 substances, including metal(loid)s, hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols, phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and organotins. Significant temporal changes were identified in key parameters such as electrical conductivity, total organic carbons, tungsten (W), heavy-molecular-weight PAHs (PAH-H) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) in GP sediments, influenced by winter road safety measures and autumn leaf abscissions. Significantly higher concentrations of 4-tert-octylphenol, DIDP, diisononyl phthalate, antimony and W were identified in GP sediments from roundabouts compared to those at the other two street features, exclusively during the winter-spring period. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of winter road safety measures and stop-and-go traffic patterns at roundabouts. No consistent spatial and temporal patterns were identified for substance concentration and mass accumulation rates. Results underscore the potential to develop a prioritisation-based maintenance strategy as an opportunity to enhance the efficiency of GP maintenance operations, ensuring better resource allocation and reduced environmental impact.

On-host flea phenology and flea-borne pathogen surveillance among mammalian wildlife of the pineywoods of East Texas.

Flea-borne diseases are endemic in Texas, U.S.A., with an increasing incidence of flea-borne typhus and cat scratch disease. Knowledge of flea natural history could provide information to protect public health, yet many knowledge gaps remain outside of plague-endemic regions. Our objective was to characterize seasonal activity patterns of fleas on common mammalian wildlife species and test fleas and wildlife for Rickettsia and Bartonella pathogens. We performed one year of monthly trapping for rodents and medium-sized mammals in a national forest with high recreational use and urban encroachment in East Texas. From 90 mammal captures representing seven species, 101 fleas were collected representing Polygenis spp., Ctenocephalides felis, and Orchopeas species. Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginianus) hosted 99% of the collected fleas (100 fleas) and a single flea was on an eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana). Flea infestation prevalence of opossums was 79% (23/29). Mean flea abundance was 4.39 fleas, with intensity peaking in spring. One cat flea removed from an opossum was positive for Bartonella henselae. Furthermore, we identified tissue or blood of four raccoons (Procyon lotor) and one golden mouse (Ochrotomys nuttalli) positive for Rickettsia amblyommatis. These findings provide an ecological basis for the maintenance of vectors and pathogens from sylvatic settings.

New species of Sinodima Kundrata, Sormova & Qiu, 2019 reveal the first case of strong sexual dimorphism in Dimini (Coleoptera: Elateridae)

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:392A0D37-258B-4662-A318-BA671654E093.Genus Sinodima Kundrata, Sormova & Qiu, 2019 was originally described based on a single species represented by the female holotype. In this study, we examined more than 500 specimens of Sinodima collected using Malaise traps. As a result, we described two new species from China: Sinodima liupanshuiensis sp. nov. and Sinodima nanlingensis sp. nov. The males of this genus are firstly reported and distinctly differentiated from the females by the elongate body and fully developed hind wings. Two new combinations are proposed for species originally described in genus Penia Laporte, 1838: Sinodima elongata (Arimoto, 2023), comb. nov. and Sinodima sucinea (Schimmel, 2001), comb. nov. The newly discovered Sinodima species provide the first report on strong sexual dimorphism in Dimini and highlight an unusual season activity of adults during autumn to early winter.

Seasonal and Diel Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Activity and Burrow Use by Commensals in Coastal Beach Dune Habitat as Examined by Wildlife Cameras

Seasonal and Diel Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Activity and Burrow Use by Commensals in Coastal Beach Dune Habitat as Examined by Wildlife Cameras

Daily and Seasonal Activity Rhythms of Wild Reeves' Turtles (Mauremys reevesii) in Qichun County, China

Daily and Seasonal Activity Rhythms of Wild Reeves' Turtles (Mauremys reevesii) in Qichun County, China

Empirical Model of Equatorial ElectroJet (EEJ) Using Long‐Term Observations From the Indian Sector

AbstractThe Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) is one of the important near‐earth space weather phenomena which exhibits significant diurnal, seasonal and solar activity variations. This paper investigates the EEJ variations at diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle time scales from the Indian sector and portrays a new empirical EEJ field model developed using the observations spanning over nearly two solar cycles. The Method of Naturally Orthogonal Components (MNOC), also known as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), was employed to extract the dominant patterns of principal diurnal, semi‐diurnal, and ter‐diurnal components contributing to the EEJ variation. The amplitudes of these diurnal, semi‐diurnal, and ter‐diurnal components in EEJ are found to vary significantly with the season and solar activity. The seasonal and solar activity dependencies of these principal components are modeled using suitable bimodal distribution functions. Finally, the empirical model for EEJ field was built by combining the principal components with their corresponding modeled amplitudes. This model accurately reproduces the diurnal, seasonal and solar activity variations of EEJ. The modeled monthly mean variations of EEJ field at ground exhibit excellent correlation of 0.96 with the observations with the root mean square error &lt;5 nT. It also successfully captures the seasonal and solar activity variations of Counter Electrojet (CEJ). Finally, this model named “Indian Equatorial Electrojet (IEEJ) Model” is made publicly available for interested scientific users (https://iigm.res.in/system/files/IEEJ_model.html).

Weakened connection between spring leaf-out and autumn senescence in the Northern Hemisphere.

Vegetation autumn phenology is critical in regulating the ecosystem carbon cycle and regional climate. However, the dominant drivers of autumn senescence and their temporal shifts under climate change remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a multi-factor analysis considering both direct climatic controls and biological carryover effects from start-of-season (SOS) and seasonal peak vegetation activities on the end-of-season (EOS) to fill these knowledge gaps. Combining satellite and ground observations across the northern hemisphere, we found that carryover effects from early-to-peak vegetation activities exerted greater influence on EOS than the direct climatic controls on nearly half of the vegetated land. Unexpectedly, the carryover effects from SOS on EOS have significantly weakened over recent decades, accompanied by strengthened climatic controls. Such results indicate the weakened constraint of leaf longevity on senescence due to prolonged growing season in response to climate change. These findings underscore the important role of biological carryover effects in regulating vegetation autumn senescence under climate change, which should be incorporated into the formulation and enhancement of phenology modules utilized in land surface models.

Environmental factors affecting phenology and distribution of Tentyria species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Doñana National Park (Southern Iberian Peninsula).

This research focuses on the effect of environmental factors on the phenology and distribution of the Tentyria species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Doñana National Park (SW Iberian Peninsula). Data are derived from the results of a project carried out 20 years ago, aimed at inventorying the coleopteran of the park. This information provides a framework for comparison with current or future states since the time elapsed is long enough to detect variations. As the classification of Tentyria species is complex and controversial, the first aspect to be addressed was the taxonomical verification of the species. Indeed, they were T. platyceps Steven., T. subcostata Solier., T. bifida Bujalance, Cárdenas, Ferrer and Gallardo, and T. donanensis Bujalance, Cárdenas, Ferrer and Gallardo. Sampling consisted of 2 years of monthly pitfall trapping, encompassing the surface of the park and adjacent areas. Data on adult seasonal activity and spatial distribution of the species were obtained from the specific abundance in each sampling plot. Phenologically, the 4 species were mainly summer species, with unimodal or bimodal curves depending on the species. The distribution of the species was quite uneven: while T. donanensis was ubiquitous, T. subcostata was restricted to the southern coastal area of the park, and T. platyceps and T. bifida were recorded in the northern half, in marshes or inland forests, respectively. Our results also suggest that extreme temperatures may impose major constraints on the spatial distribution of Tentyria species, which could affect Doñana's biodiversity in the future scenery of thermal rise linked to climate change.

EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF EQUINE PIROPLASMOSIS

Pyroplasmosis is a dangerous acute invasive disease of horses accompanied by a sharp rise in temperature to 41℃, anemia, jaundice of mucous membranes, disorders of the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract, albuminuria combined with oliguria and urobilinuria. The disease is registered in many countries of the world and occurs in most districts and regions of the Russian Federation. In the Republic of Bashkortostan piroplasmosis is registered in the form of single cases of the disease, mainly during the seasonal activity of tick vectors. The main consequences of equine piroplasmosis include: decreased performance, deterioration of performance and endurance, weakness and dysfunction of organs and systems, a long period of rehabilitation and a high risk of possible complications. The proposed method of treatment allows to reduce the time of the animal's overdisease and to avoid complications, but requires significant material costs. At the same time, preventive measures provide protection of the animal for 4-6 weeks and help to avoid the disease of the animal for the period of training and testing.

Movement games from the point of view of primary education teachers in Slovakia

The main goal of the survey carried out by us is to find out the current opinions of teachers at the primary level of education in Slovakia for teaching the thematic unit activities in nature and seasonal movement activities with a focus on the place of movement games in their teaching. Using a survey, they obtained data from 1,363 teachers of primary education who teach physical and sports education in 75 elementary schools from 8 regions of Slovakia. As many as 15% of all respondents answered that they do not teach the thematic unit outdoor activities and seasonal physical activities at all. Overall, the most commonly taught activity in nature is hiking and spending time in nature. The least respondents like teaching cross-country skiing. Despite the broad and demanding focus of teachers in the primary level of education, we consider it necessary that the teaching of the thematic unit outdoor activities and seasonal physical activities (due to their importance from the point of view of health and the creation of a future lifestyle) is implemented either in winter or summer with 100% occupancy. The obtained results are applicable for compensation of identified deficiencies and subsequent optimization of the educational process in this important period of children's development. Since the results of our study are from the whole of Slovakia, they have a nationwide social impact and significance.

On the seasonal dependence of intermediate descending layer in low latitudes

Understanding the variable behavior of the IDL/Es system contributes significantly to our ability in characterizing and modeling the critical ionospheric dynamics across the globe. In this work we aim to improve the understanding of the IDL/Es system by analyzing the diurnal and seasonal variations in the altitude descent with reference to local time of the day, season, and solar activity. We apply the well-known height-time-intensity analysis method on measurements obtained from the Sharjah ionosonde station, located at the Arabian Peninsula (Sharjah: 25.28°N, 55.46°E) near the northern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly. The measurements cover three years of the increasing phase of the solar cycle 25 from 2020 to 2022. Considering an oversimplified wind system based on windshear theory, we attempt to establish a relationship between IDL/Es periodicities with diurnal, semidiurnal, and terdiurnal tides without digging into the underlying mechanism. Results suggest a strong relation between semidiurnal and terdiurnal tides and the formation and transport of the IDL, particularly impacting lower E-region and sporadic-E layers during the afternoon and nighttime hours. The results of manual scaling of over eleven thousand ionograms is presented to quantify the behavior of the IDL/Es system's transport. Additionally, a connection between solar activity, descent rate, and initial descending height, with semidiurnal patterns consistently present across seasons and solar activity has been discussed. For different frequency bins used in this work, e.g. 3 MHz, 4 MHz, and 5 MHz, seasonal variations significantly influence descent patterns.