Common Search Research Articles

Constrained Symbolic Search: On Mutexes, BDD Minimization and More

Symbolic search allows saving large amounts of memory compared to regular explicit-state search algorithms. This is crucial in optimal settings, in which common search algorithms often exhaust the available memory. So far, the most successful uses of symbolic search have been bidirectional blind search and the generation of abstraction heuristics like Pattern Databases. Despite its usefulness, several common techniques in explicit-state search have not been employed in symbolic search. In particular, mutexes and other constraining invariants, techniques that have been proven essential when doing regression, are yet to be exploited in conjunction with BDDs. In this paper we analyze the use of such constraints in symbolic search and its combination with minimization techniques common in BDD manipulation. Experimental results show a significant increase in performance, considerably above the current state of the art in optimal planning.

Searching Twitter: Separating the Tweet from the Chaff

Within the millions of digital communications posted in online social networks, there is undoubtedly some valuable and useful information. Although a large portion of social media content is considered to be babble, research shows that people share useful links, provide recommendations to friends, answer questions, and solve problems. In this paper, we report on a qualitative investigation into the different factors that make tweets ‘useful’ and ‘not useful’ for a set of common search tasks. The investigation found 16 features that help make a tweet useful, noting that useful tweets often showed 2 or 3 of these features. ‘Not useful’ tweets, however, typically had only one of 17 clear and striking features. Further, we saw that these features can be weighted as according to different types of search tasks. Our results contribute a novel framework for extracting useful information from real-time streams of social-media content that will be used in the design of a future retrieval system.

Manpower forecasting models in the construction industry: a systematic review

PurposeThis paper aims to make a systematic review of the manpower prediction model of the construction industry. It aims to determine the forecasting model's development trend, analyse the use limitations and applicable conditions of each forecasting model and then identify the impact indicators of the human resource forecasting model from an economic point of view. It is hoped that this study will provide insights into the selection of forecasting models for governments and groups that are dealing with human resource forecasts.Design/methodology/approachThe common search engine, Scopus, was used to retrieve construction manpower forecast-related articles for this review. Keywords such as “construction”, “building”, “labour”, “manpower” were searched. Papers that not related to the manpower prediction model of the construction industry were excluded. A total of 27 articles were obtained and rated according to the publication time, author and organisation of the article. The prediction model used in the selected paper was analysed.FindingsThe number of papers focussing on the prediction of manpower in the construction industry is on the rise. Hong Kong is the region with the largest number of published papers. Different methods have different requirements for the quality of historical data. Most forecasting methods are not suitable for sudden changes in the labour market. This paper also finds that the construction output is the economic indicator with the most significant influence on the forecasting model.Research limitations/implicationsThe research results discuss the problem that the prediction results are not accurate due to the sudden change of data in the current prediction model. Besides, the study results take stock of the published literature and can provide an overall understanding of the forecasting methods of human resources in the construction industry.Practical implicationsThrough this study, decision-makers can choose a reasonable prediction model according to their situation. Decision-makers can make clear plans for future construction projects specifically when there are changes in the labour market caused by emergencies. Also, this study can help decision-makers understand the current research trend of human resources forecasting models.Originality/valueAlthough the human resource prediction model's effectiveness in the construction industry is affected by the dynamic change of data, the research results show that it is expected to solve the problem using artificial intelligence. No one has researched this area, and it is expected to become the focus of research in the future.

Legal Information Needs of Lawyers of Tehran City

Objective: Access to the right legal information at the right time is necessary for the community and for lawyers. The use of information by lawyers and attorneys is strongly influenced by their information needs. These requirements determine the type of information needed, where the information can be found, and how to access it. Lawyers use a variety of methods to access information. Legal information is the most important source for the law and legal professions, and without the right legal information, these professions do not perform well. Methodology: The purpose of this study was to determine the legal information needs of Tehran's lawyers. Legal information needs are met through the use of information resources and formal or semi-formal channels of information and services offered by libraries and information centers. This research is a survey. The statistical population includes all lawyers in Tehran whose names are registered with the Center for Justice Lawyers. From a total of 8000 statistical population, 367 individuals were selected using Krejcie and Morgan's table by random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two sections: general information and special information. In order to improve the validity of the research instrument, previously tested and validated questions asked in the questionnaires of previous studies conducted in the field of information needs were used in a similar context; and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Assessment and selection of sources and barriers to the information process were over 0.70 and acceptable. Data were analyzed using the Friedman Ranking Test and Bivariate Chi-square test in the SPSS software version 25. Findings: The results indicated that the most important reasons for seeking information for lawyers were promoting specialized knowledge, and the most important sources for meeting the legal information needs of legal entities, were attending law courses and scientific journal articles. The most important problems for lawyers were access to updated information, dissemination of legal information in different sources, the outdated nature of many sources, and the inadequate sources of law. Conclusion: The most important reason for searching information was to update specialized knowledge and then write a research paper, which shows the scientific attitude of the lawyers towards their specialized field. Books (both printed and electronic) and scientific journals were the most important information sources for meeting the information needs of lawyers. Among informal sources, the library of a legal organization or institution was the most important source of informal acquisition of information; and the Google search engine was the most common search engine used by lawyers. Also, going to the library and visiting the new library resources were the most important ways to update information after reading specialized publications. The suggestions of the study are as follows: (i) the fact that many people today use the Internet to find answers to their questions, lawyers are not an exception. One way to help them is to make legal online databases accessible and expandable; (ii) due to the diffusion of legal information in different sources, the legality of many legal information sources, and the inadequate legal information sources, one of the most important problems for lawyers in accessing information is the need to take appropriate measures; (iii) since legal libraries are one of the places of interest for lawyers to access the information, libraries or legal organizations should select law librarians as managers for courthouse libraries/court law libraries; and (iv) the findings showed that the level of French and English language of lawyers was poor.

Distance Wagner tree refinement as a heuristic approach to character-based initial tree construction.

The distance Wagner procedure of Farris (American Naturalist, 1972, 106, 645), in its original or random addition sequence form, is a rapid method of tree construction. The original formulation did not allow for refinement of tree hypotheses via common trajectory search operations (e.g. SPR, TBR). Here, the distance Wagner method is extended to allow for refinement of initial trees produced via the four-point condition (Mathematics and the Archeological and Historical Sciences, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1974). The performance of the extended distance Wagner as a heuristic search procedure is evaluated with several unaligned sequences and combined source datasets within the parsimony framework. Distance Wagner both with and without refinement is shown to be a rapid and useful heuristic method to generate initial trees for further, character-based, analysis.

Generalized error path algorithm

Model selection with cross validation (CV) is very popular in machine learning. However, CV with grid and other common search strategies cannot guarantee to find the model with minimum CV error, which is often the ultimate goal of model selection. Recently, various solution path algorithms have been proposed for several important learning algorithms including support vector classification, Lasso, and so on. However, they still do not guarantee to find the model with minimum CV error. In this paper, we first show that the solution paths produced by various algorithms have the property of piecewise linearity. Then, we prove that a large class of error (or loss) functions are piecewise constant, linear, or quadratic w.r.t. the regularization parameter, based on the solution path. Finally, we propose a new generalized error path algorithm (GEP), and prove that it will find the model with minimum CV error in a finite number of steps for the entire range of the regularization parameter. The experimental results on a variety of datasets not only confirm our theoretical findings, but also show that the best model with our GEP has better generalization error on the test data, compared to the grid search, manual search, and random search.

The War of Words

The War of Words

Status of online sperm donation and sperm bank in Japan.

Facilities worldwide offering donor sperm insemination face sperm donor shortages. There are also known dangers of online information about sperm donation and using donated sperm to conceive without the involvement of medical professionals. Therefore, the authors investigated 140 Web sites retrieved by common Japanese search engines using sperm donation‐related keywords. The authors assessed them according to criteria, but most were deemed unsafe (96.4%). Ultimately, 2 personal and 3 company Web sites provided adequate information. However, the personal Web sites lacked representative individual information and the company Web sites had issues including high costs, overseas location of facilities performing insemination, and possible non‐Japanese origin of donated sperm.

Sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere Cyclone Detection and Tracking Results to Fine Spatial and Temporal Resolution using ERA5

AbstractLagrangian detection and tracking algorithms are frequently used to study the development, distribution, and trends of extratropical cyclones. Past research shows that results from these algorithms are sensitive to both spatial and temporal resolution of the gridded input fields, with coarser resolutions typically underestimating cyclone frequency by failing to capture weak, small, and short-lived systems. The fifth-generation atmospheric reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) offers finer resolution, and therefore more precise information regarding storm locations and development than previous global reanalyses. However, our sensitivity tests show that using ERA5 sea-level pressure fields at their finest possible resolution does not necessarily lead to better cyclone detection and tracking. If a common number of nearest neighbors is used when detecting minima in sea-level pressure (like past studies), finer spatial resolution leads to noisier fields that unrealistically break up multi-center cyclones. Using a common search distance instead (with more neighbors at finer resolution) resolves the issue without smoothing inputs. Doing this also makes cyclone frequency, lifespan, and average depth insensitive to refining spatial resolution beyond 100 km. Results using 6-h and 3-h temporal resolutions have only minor differences, but using 1-h temporal resolution with a maximum allowed propagation speed of 150 km h-1 leads to unrealistic track splitting. This can be counteracted by increasing the maximum propagation speed, but modest sensitivity to temporal resolution persists for several cyclone characteristics. Therefore, we recommend caution if applying existing algorithms to temporal resolutions finer than 3-h and careful evaluation of algorithm settings.

Improved Perioperative Sleep Quality or Quantity Reduces Pain after Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of improved perioperative sleep on pain, analgesic consumption, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients who were undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsOriginal studies published from 1 January 1970 to 30 September 2020 were queried in three unique databases using a common search term. The searches sought randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating the effectiveness of sleep quality or quantity interventions for pain control early after TKA or THA. Grey literature was also searched by screening trial registers. There was no limitation on published language and patients. Two reviewers then assessed studies for eligibility. Eligible studies should have primary outcomes including perioperativeWe have comfirmed the edits. visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and analgesic consumption; and secondary outcomes including side effects, such as PONV. Data extracted from the literature were abstracted into a comma‐separated database spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel. A meta‐analysis was then performed. Pooled statistics were calculated with weighting by inverse variance assuming a random effect model. I2 was calculated as a quantifier of heterogeneity and interpreted according to the Cochrane manual. All data analysis was performed using Revman software.ResultsFrom a total of 1285 potential records identified in the electronic search, six studies eventually fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The six controlled RCTs consisted of 207 patients in the sleep‐improving group and 209 patients in the control group. The severity of rest pain was significantly lower in the sleep‐improving group compared with the control group at day 1 and day 3 postoperatively; the severity of active pain was significantly lower in the sleep‐improving group compared with the control group at day 3 postoperatively. Data concerning analgesic drugs could not undergo a meta‐analysis due to the difference of eligible studies. No significant difference was found in the incidence of PONV between the sleep‐improving group and the control group.ConclusionImproved perioperative sleep, regardless of quality or quantity, could significantly reduce the pain level at the early stage after TKA or THA, thus the total amount of analgesic drugs consumed was decreased, without significant increase in the incidence of PONV.

The Scanalyzer Domain: Greenhouse Logistics as a Planning Problem

We introduce the Scanalyzer planning domain, a domain for classical planning which models the problem of automatic greenhouse logistic management. At its mathematical core, the Scanalyzer domain is a permutation problem with striking similarities to common search benchmarks such as Rubik's Cube or TopSpin. At the same time, it is also a real application domain, and efficient algorithms for the problem are of considerable practical interest. The Scanalyzer domain was used as a benchmark for sequential planners at the last International Planning Competition. The competition results show that domain-independent automated planners can find solutions of comparable quality to those generated by specialized algorithms developed by domain experts, while being considerably more flexible.

SMISAO ANGAŽMANA U SARTROVOM EGZISTENCIJALIZMU

This paper attempts to present the notion of as an indispensable moment of Sartre's understanding of existence. Sartre does not take man as a given among other facts, as a mere biological being or an object among other objects that will explain the positive sciences. He understands man, the footsteps of Kierkegaard and Heidegger, as a self-conscious, free existence (lat. Existentia). On the original meaning of the term existentia and Sartre's use of that term, which is closest to the original spirit of the meaning, one can see the distinction that distances him most from other philosophers of existence, and most from religious ones. Existence is not just my (personal) thing, something that concerns only me and my closed subjectivity/interior, nor is it a matter of my (personal) relationship with God or the question of discovering the meaning of Being. Existence is always coexistence, being-in-the-world, always a situation. If I am always in a situation, more precisely if I am a situation, I exist only as engaged. Sartre's use of the word engagement opens up two dimensions of the term that correspond to his developmental path philosophy. Addressing Marx as much as Kierkegaard, Sartre accepts the socio-collective dimension of existence. Such existence is not (only) engaged the exclusive search for personal (own) meaning, but is always directed to Others. Others may be the limit and obstacle of my search for authentic meaning, but they are also a condition of my search, of my commitment. That is why being thrown into the world, among others, does not only mean being conflict with and against others but also means the possibility of cooperation and a common search for collective meaning. The two modes of that are operational the early and late phases of Sartre's philosophy, although different their meaning – one is focused on the individual-personal meaning, while the other is a matter of socio-collective practice – do not have to be opposed. I am a unique and concrete existence, but I am also a coexistence among Others, in-a-situation, in-a-world, in-a-society, in-a-collective. That being said – my personal meaning may be contrary to the meaning of community, but the fact remains that it can only be developed that community!

270 Sleep Enhancement Technology: A Survey of Devices

Abstract Introduction Innovations in consumer sleep technologies have risen exponentially and providers struggle to keep up with patient expectations in this arena. Although there is high quality data on the validity on commercial sleep monitoring devices, there has been a rise in devices for the explicit purpose of sleep enhancement. We sought to identify existing consumer sleep devices that claim to enhance sleep, provide a comprehensive review of the main characteristics of these devices, and look into the types of evidence the developers offered to support their claims. Methods Using a scoping review framework we identified and mapped out the main characteristics of sleep enhancement devices in the consumer market. We systematically used a common search engine and the FDA database using various combinations of sleep-related search terms, such as “sleep enhancement device”. Through an iterative process, we identified and categorized devices based on the intervention target. Devices that were exclusively for clinical use and required a prescription, such as for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea or diagnosed insomnia, were excluded. Results We identified 34 sleep enhancement devices, all 34 were found via web search and one was also found in the FDA Database. We defined the following overlapping categories: reduce sleep latency (94.1%), increase restorative sleep (17.6%), and/or “other” (32.4%). About half of the devices use sound (44.1%), 26.5% use visual stimuli, and 11.8% use vibration. Additionally, roughly a third of all devices claim to entrain brain signals associated with sleep. Half of devices found operate near the bed without being in contact with the consumer, 44.1% are worn on the body, and the remaining 5.9% operate in bed, near the consumer. Conclusion For the most part, commercial sleep enhancement devices target sleep latency or claim to increase the restorative power of sleep. These devices generally use auditory, visual, and vibratory stimuli, and half are worn on the body. Lack of evidence supporting whether these devices actually improve sleep questions the utility of such devices and demonstrates the need for validation standards for consumer sleep enhancement devices. Support (if any) Department of Defense Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP)

الکلمات المفتاحية لعبارات البحث الرائجة حول فيروس کورونا المستجد فى مصر باستخدام مؤشر Google Trends Keywords for popular search terms about the Corona virus in Egypt using the Google trends indicator

Common search terms are one of the most important indicators of the importance of topics, and their level of interest to users worldwide, especially after COVID-19 has gained significant coverage in public media and global news,the study aims at identifying the nature of inquiries about this used by Internet users; In addition to mapping keywords for common search terms about the Corona in Arabic during the period of time (31 December 2019/31 December 2020) using Google trends indicators.The study found several findings: The search term Corona is the most common search for information about this disease for an Egyptian user. that there is a strong correlation between the words virus and within the specified time frame because it is the true beginning of the emergence of the corona in most countries of the world; Google Trends also features information on a large proportion of Internet users to analyse their user trends and access search results for the selected search term, is a reliable information source, and tries to invest in improving access to appropriate information.

Optimal Feature Set Size in Random Forest Regression

One of the most important hyper-parameters in the Random Forest (RF) algorithm is the feature set size used to search for the best partitioning rule at each node of trees. Most existing research on feature set size has been done primarily with a focus on classification problems. We studied the effect of feature set size in the context of regression. Through experimental studies using many datasets, we first investigated whether the RF regression predictions are affected by the feature set size. Then, we found a rule associated with the optimal size based on the characteristics of each data. Lastly, we developed a search algorithm for estimating the best feature set size in RF regression. We showed that the proposed search algorithm can provide improvements over other choices, such as using the default size specified in the randomForest R package and using the common grid search method.

Applying model approaches in non-model systems: A review and case study on coral cell culture.

Model systems approaches search for commonality in patterns underlying biological diversity and complexity led by common evolutionary paths. The success of the approach does not rest on the species chosen but on the scalability of the model and methods used to develop the model and engage research. Fine-tuning approaches to improve coral cell cultures will provide a robust platform for studying symbiosis breakdown, the calcification mechanism and its disruption, protein interactions, micronutrient transport/exchange, and the toxicity of nanoparticles, among other key biological aspects, with the added advantage of minimizing the ethical conundrum of repeated testing on ecologically threatened organisms. The work presented here aimed to lay the foundation towards development of effective methods to sort and culture reef-building coral cells with the ultimate goal of obtaining immortal cell lines for the study of bleaching, disease and toxicity at the cellular and polyp levels. To achieve this objective, the team conducted a thorough review and tested the available methods (i.e. cell dissociation, isolation, sorting, attachment and proliferation). The most effective and reproducible techniques were combined to consolidate culture methods and generate uncontaminated coral cell cultures for ~7 days (10 days maximum). The tests were conducted on scleractinian corals Pocillopora acuta of the same genotype to harmonize results and reduce variation linked to genetic diversity. The development of cell separation and identification methods in conjunction with further investigations into coral cell-type specific metabolic requirements will allow us to tailor growth media for optimized monocultures as a tool for studying essential reef-building coral traits such as symbiosis, wound healing and calcification at multiple scales.

Sino-Egypt Relations in the context of BRI


 
 Sino-Egypt diplomatic relationships were established in May 1956. In year 2013, China launched the “Belt and Road” Initiative (BRI) and invited countries, especially those along the route to contribute in the framework of the project. The Egyptian president Sisi visited China in 2014, and the two nations agreed to promote their bilateral relationships to comprehensive strategic partnership. In year 20146, Egypt launched new strategy for national development “Egypt Vision 2030”. Therefore, the two countries are cooperating according to these two planes. This paper analyzes Sino-Egypt relations in the context of BRI. When the Initiative was launched by China in 2013, Egypt is among the first countries to the join it. SinoEgyptian relations have significantly developed since the early 2010s. Based on solid foundation, China’s president Xi Jinping and Al-Sissi sealed an “integral strategic partnership” between the two nations in year 2014. This research paper provides an overview of this evolution and explores fields of cooperation between the two countries. The paper sheds light on cooperation in bilateral fields, especially in the framework of Belt & Road Initiative launched by China. The paper explores how Egypt and China reinforce each other in their common search for economic development
 
 
 
 

Teamwork in chronic pain management and the way forward in low and middle-income countries

Assessment and management of patients with chronic pain is a challenging task due to its complex multidimensional nature and biopsychosocial impact. It requires a collaborative effort by an interdisciplinary team. Evidence showed that in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), 33% patients among general adult population, and 56% of general elderly population, suffer from chronic painful conditions. Women are more likely to report chronic pain than men. In this narrative review, we attempted to search published literature to know the status of assessment and management of patients with chronic pain in low resource countries and to know the most appropriate chronic pain management strategies used in developed countries. We used broad electronic database (January 2010- December 2020) through common search engines.
 Lack of trained pain physicians and staffs, lack of interest, empathy and lack of integrated multidisciplinary approach are some of the barriers to achieve teamwork in chronic pain management. Authors strongly recommend the need of further research in this area, improvement in training programs for physicians and nursing staff for proper pain assessment and management of patients with chronic pain in low resource countries.
 Key words: Chronic pain management; Teamwork; Low resource; Multidisciplinary team; Interdisciplinary approach; Low and middle-income countries
 Citation: Siddiqui AS, Usman B. Teamwork in chronic pain management and the way forward in low and middle-income countries. Anaesth pain intensive care 2021;25(2):229-235. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1477
 Received: 18 January 2021, Reviewed: 20 January, 10 February 2021, Accepted: 9 March 2021

Paging Dr. Google: Availability and Reliability of Online Evidence-Based Treatment Information about ADHD

ABSTRACT It is becoming increasingly common for caregivers and patients to search for health and mental health information on the Internet. Although there is a sizable scientific literature outlining an evidence-based approach to managing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, it is not clear how much of the online information about the disorder and its treatment aligns with evidence-based practice. The goal of this study was to conduct a review of online information about ADHD treatment and to systematically analyze this information with respect to accountability, presentation, content and alignment with evidence-based practice, and readability. Thirty-one ADHD-themed websites identified by three common Internet search engines were coded using a set of standardized criteria. Results indicated that the quality of information about ADHD treatment was generally poor, with websites meeting less than half the standardized criteria. Alignment with evidence-based practice was especially poor; most websites did not discuss psychosocial treatments and very few mentioned the treatment guidelines produced by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Flesch-Kincaid reading level was, on average, much higher than the recommended grade 8 level. Results indicate that, although conducting online searches about ADHD treatment could be beneficial in the context of shared-decision making, it is important for clinicians and caregivers to understand the limitations of this approach and to continue to engage in evidence-based treatment of ADHD to ensure positive outcomes for children and adolescents with the disorder.

Foraging behavior in visual search: A review of theoretical and mathematical models in humans and animals.

Visual search (VS) is a fundamental task in daily life widely studied for over half a century. A variant of the classic paradigm-searching one target among distractors-requires the observer to look for several (undetermined) instances of a target (so-called foraging) or several targets that may appear an undefined number of times (recently named as hybrid foraging). In these searches, besides looking for targets, the observer must decide how much time is needed to exploit the area, and when to quit the search to eventually explore new search options. In fact, visual foraging is a very common search task in the real world, probably involving additional cognitive functions than typical VS. It has been widely studied in natural animal environments, for which several mathematical models have been proposed, and just recently applied to humans: Lévy processes, composite and area-restricted search models, marginal value theorem, and Bayesian learning (among others). We conducted a systematic search in the literature to understand those mathematical models and study its applicability in human visual foraging. The review suggests that these models might be the first step, but they seem to be limited to fully comprehend foraging in visual search. There are essential variables involving human visual foraging still to be established and understood. Indeed, a jointly theoretical interpretation based on the different models reviewed could better account for its understanding. In addition, some other relevant variables, such as certain individual differences or time perception might be crucial to understanding visual foraging in humans.