Search Platform Research Articles

AI-Powered Search Systems : Integrating Machine Learning with Search Technology for High-Scalability Applications

This article comprehensively analyzes integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning techniques into high-scalability search systems. We explore AI-powered search's theoretical foundations and practical implementations, focusing on advanced ranking algorithms, natural language processing for query understanding, and optimized distributed architectures. We demonstrate significant improvements in search relevance and efficiency through experiments conducted on a large-scale dataset comprising 100 million web pages and 1 million real-world queries. Our AI-powered system showed a 15% increase in Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) for complex queries and a 12% improvement in Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) for navigational queries compared to traditional keyword-based approaches. We also address critical challenges in maintaining system scalability and performance, including data synchronization, real-time model updates, and resource management in distributed environments. The article further discusses emerging trends, such as graph neural networks and multimodal search capabilities, alongside ethical considerations and data privacy concerns. Our findings provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners aiming to develop next-generation search platforms capable of handling the increasing complexity and volume of digital information while ensuring responsible AI integration.

The role of online search platforms in scientific diffusion

AbstractAfter the launch of Google Scholar older papers experienced an increase in their citations, a finding consistent with a reduction in search costs and introduction of ranking algorithms. I employ this observation to examine how recombination of science takes place in the era of online search platforms. The findings show that as papers become more discoverable, their knowledge is diffused beyond their own broad field. Results are mixed when examining knowledge diffusion within the same field. The results contribute to the ongoing debate of narrowing of science. While there might a general reduction in recombination of knowledge across distant fields over the last decades, online search platforms are not the culprits.

Examinations of search interactions, experiences and communication in collaborative search

PurposeThis study aims to explore the characteristics of collaborative information searching by comparing the differences in search experience and interaction between collaborative search mode and individual search mode and by analyzing the communication content and patterns during collaborative searches.Design/methodology/approachA user experiment was conducted using the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF)-Social Book Search platform, recruiting 16 individual and 18 collaborative participants. Each of the participants was required to complete two types of book search tasks in a lab setting. Interactions with the system were logged, and participants' experiences were captured through pre/post-search questionnaires. Additionally, the communication among collaborative participants was recorded and coded.FindingsThis study identified characteristics of collaborative information searching in three aspects. (1) Search experience: collaborative searchers showed a higher appreciation for the system’s functionality and aesthetics and were more engaged than individual searchers, despite experiencing slightly more mental strain. (2) Search strategies: in focus tasks, collaborative searchers made more decisions than individual searchers, indicating a need for book sorting. In open tasks, collaborative searchers take longer before making decisions, likely due to a higher level of interest and participation. (3) Communication content and pattern: collaborative searchers mainly discussed understanding and judgment of books and task plan. Searchers with same cognitive style talked more about search operations than those with different cognitive styles, while less about book judgment. Three communication patterns were identified: understanding-judgment, judgment-dominant and balanced. Judgment-dominant participants generally reported higher satisfaction with their search results than those in the other two patterns.Originality/valueThis study enhances understanding of collaborative search by comparing it with individual search and analyzing communication content, potentially inspiring collaborative search system and experiment design. Additionally, the coding table for communication between collaborative searchers offers valuable insights for future research.

Use Behavior Analysis Of Job Seekers Using The E-Recruitment System In The Special Region Of Yogyakarta

E-Recruitment is a job search platform for job seekers. In the modern era, organizations adapt human resource recruitment systems to remain viable. Where the success of e-recruitment depends on the large number of uses of the e-recruitment platform and the organization getting competent human resources. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions on behavioral intention, and behavioral intention on the use behavior of job seekers using e-recruitment in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This type of research is quantitative descriptive, namely research that uses mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses related to natural phenomena. The sample in this study used a purposive sampling technique, where the sample population in the Special Region of Yogyakarta was 210 job seekers who had used e-recruitment. Based on the results of research conducted by researchers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, what was found was that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions together have a significant influence on behavioral intention, and behavioral intention influences the use behavior of job seekers using e- recruitment in the Special Region of Yogyakarta with a p value < 5%, meaning that if performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions increase, interest in using e-recruitment will also increase, and the higher the level of behavioral intention, the use of e-recruitment behavior will also increase.

Development of a Motorcycle Parts Search Platform with a Design Thinking Approach

In the motorcycle industry, finding spare parts is a big challenge for vehicle owners. This is due to the complexity of the parts market as well as the diverse needs of users. To overcome this challenge, an innovative approach is needed in designing a parts search system that is not only effective but can also meet diverse needs. This research aims to apply the Design Thinking method in designing a motorcycle parts search and gain a deep understanding of the needs and challenges faced by users, as well as create better solutions that are by these needs. This research applies a Design Thinking approach that involves a series of stages such as Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype and Test. Data was obtained through direct observation, interviews with related parties, and analysis of existing problems. The results of the study show that the majority of users are men (80%), with the dominance of entrepreneurs (43.3%) and Generation Y (76.7%). The app is also attractive to Bachelor's graduates (43.3%) and users with high needs (53.33%). Important factors that increase the app's benefits include a search feature by name and complete product details. The implementation of motorcycle parts search using Design Thinking is expected to help the company strengthen its brand image as a service provider that is responsive to user needs and increase customer loyalty through a better experience in the parts search process.

Toward Better Customer Engagement: The Mediating Role of Cognitive and Behavioral Trust in Search and Social Media Platforms

ABSTRACT The increasing diversity in advertising options warrants more research on user engagement with advertisements across different digital platforms. Drawing on the elaboration likelihood model and consumer skepticism theories, we examine the central role of the three-dimensional construct of trust—cognitive, emotional, and behavioral—in overcoming advertisement skepticism (AS) and improving advertisement engagement (AE). Using survey data from a large sample in the United States (N = 841), we compare the effect of skepticism on engagement as mediated by trust, on social (Facebook) versus search (Google) platforms. In a multistage analysis, initial results indicated that trust is a significant mediator for both Facebook and Google. Subsequent testing revealed that for Facebook, the behavioral dimension of trust fully mediated the skepticism and engagement link, whereas for Google, all three dimensions of trust only partially mediated the skepticism and engagement link. This suggests that on social media platforms, behavioral trust is crucial for overcoming skepticism to achieve better engagement. Furthermore, when comparing all pathways in the model, we found that on search platforms, cognitive trust was significantly more influential in overcoming skepticism for better engagement.

Parasitic Platforms and the Crisis in News

ABSTRACTThe viability of news has been in rapid decline since the mid‐2000s. This poster presents a critical analysis of how news publishers themselves helped precipitate the crisis by enthusiastically adopting Big Tech platform technologies and audience‐building strategies. I show how search and social media platforms disrupted publishers' relationships with audiences and advertisers by appropriating control over news distribution and revenue. I use Anthony Giddens' structuration theory and Bruno Latour's actor‐network theory to explore the restructuring of the news industry by the sociotechnical practices and surveillance economics of today's dominating platforms. Leveraging Michel Serres' concept of social parasitism, I present a research framework for assessing symbiotic and parasitic relationships in sociotechnical systems using historical, quantitative, and qualitative methods, and to identify where news publishers still have agency to begin resolving the crisis. And I suggest the urgency of this research framework as publishers rapidly adopt new AI technologies.

Metformin: Beyond Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Metformin was developed from an offshoot of Guanidine. It is known to be the first-line medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and weight reduction. Metformin has also been shown to have effectiveness in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver cirrhosis, and various carcinomas like hepatocellular, colorectal, prostate, breast, urinary bladder, blood, melanoma, bone, skin, lung and so on. This narrative review focuses on the effect of metformin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The search platforms for the topic were PubMed, Scopus, and Google search engine. Critical words for searching included 'Metformin,' AND 'Indications of Metformin,' AND 'Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,' AND 'Metformin mechanism of action,' AND 'NAFLD management,' AND 'NAFLD and inflammation,' AND 'Metformin and insulin,' AND 'Metformin and inflammation,' AND 'Liver cirrhosis,' AND 'Hepatocellular carcinoma.' Lifestyle modification and the use of hypoglycemic agents can help improve liver conditions. Metformin has several mechanisms that enhance liver health, including reducing reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), liver enzymes, improving insulin sensitivity, and improving hepatic cell lipophagy. Long-term use of metformin may cause some adverse effects like lactic acidosis and gastrointestinal disturbance. Metformin long-term overdose may lead to a rise in hydrogen sulfide in liver cells, which calls for pharmacovigilance. Drug regulating authorities should provide approval for further research, and national and international guidelines need to be developed for liver diseases, perhaps with the inclusion of metformin as part of the management regime.

A Systematic Review Analysis on Instructional Leadership Styles: Exploring Research Foci, Conceptual Models, Methodological Designs, and Geographical Distributions

Aims: This study explored the various literature on Instructional leadership of secondary school principals. This study aimed to answer the following questions based on (1) the geographic distribution of the distributed leadership literature published globally; (2) methodological designs (qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods) have been adopted and data collection tools used; (3) the nature of literature in terms of research foci; and (4) conceptual frameworks/models are predominant in the relevant literature publications between 2012 and 2022. Study Design: Systematic review analysis. Place and Duration of Study: The systematic review of existing literature was carried-out last 2023 and analyzed relevant studies on instructional leadership from 2012-2022. Methodology: This study utilized the systematic review analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) as the functional research design in answering the research questions. The study used the Google scholar and Eric as the main database search platform for seeking relevant literature. These databases have an advanced search method to set the desired operative words, the year of publication, and it provides the data based such as in-full text version, peer-reviewed, written in English, research design, etc. Results: As a result of the systematic analysis, this study exposed notable variations in terms of research design employed, and the locale of the study. Based on the synthesis of the various research studies, it was observed that instructional leadership is currently being studied against students, teachers, and school performances. Moreover, the widely used conceptual framework used was exploratory, and a direct effect model. Conclusion: Finally, the framework provided by this study and the overview of the challenges outlined here may help to improve the delivery of instructional leadership among secondary school principals and will serve as the foundation for future research projects and policy decisions.

Reconstrução mamária após mastectomia e os desafios contemporâneos – Investigação das tendências em reconstrução mamária

Introduction: Breast reconstruction after mastectomy is a crucial part of the recovery process for women who have faced breast cancer. However, trends in this field are constantly evolving, with new surgical techniques, technological advancements, and a deeper understanding of aesthetic and functional outcomes. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the different breast reconstruction approaches and techniques available, to evaluate the aesthetic, functional, and psychological outcomes of the different reconstruction options, to identify the challenges faced by patients, including emotional, financial, and access to health care aspects, and to investigate recent innovations and emerging trends in breast reconstruction. Methods: The present research involved a review of the scientific literature of the last 3 years, analyzing articles from medical journals, systematic reviews, cohort studies and randomized clinical trials related to the theme. The MEDLINE database was used with the aid of the PubMed search platform and descriptors in English to include global studies in the final search. Results: The results showed a wide range of options available for breast reconstruction, including breast implants, autologous tissue flaps, such as the use of the latissimus dorsi flap and the rectus abdominis flap, and combined reconstruction techniques. An increase in the use of nipple and areola preservation techniques was observed, as well as a greater emphasis on symmetry and the natural appearance of the final result, through lipofilling. Among the challenges faced by patients are equitable access to reconstruction care, the risks associated with reconstructive surgery, and psychosocial and emotional considerations. Conclusion: Breast reconstruction after mastectomy continues to evolve, offering patients a variety of options to restore breast form and function, which are increasingly modern and have better results. Significant challenges are still present, including issues of access to healthcare, financial costs, and the psychological impact of surgery. Continued research advancement and collaboration among health professionals are essential to address these challenges and ensure that all women have access to high-quality reconstruction options and comprehensive support.

SciScribe: Automating and contextualizing literature reviews in cardiac surgery

BackgroundThe task of writing structured content reviews and guidelines has grown stronger and more complex. We propose to go beyond search tools and toward curation tools by automating time-consuming and repetitive steps of extracting and organizing information. MethodsSciScribe is built as an extension of IBM's Deep Search platform, which provides document processing and search capabilities. This platform was used to ingest and search full-content publications from PubMed Central (PMC) and official, structured records from the ClinicalTrials and OpenPayments databases. Author names and NCT numbers, mentioned within the publications, were used to link publications to these official records as context. Search strategies involve traditional keyword-based search as well as natural language question and answering via large language models (LLMs). ResultsSciScribe is a web-based tool that helps accelerate literature reviews through key features: (1) accumulating a personal collection from publication sources, such as PMC or other sources; (2) incorporating contextual information from external databases into the presented papers, promoting a more informed assessment by readers; (3) semantic questioning and answering of documents to quickly assess relevance and hierarchical organization; and (4) semantic question answering for each document within a collection, collated into tables. ConclusionsEmergent language processing techniques are opening new avenues to accelerate and enhance the literature review process, for which we have demonstrated a use case implementation in cardiac surgery. SciScribe automates and accelerates this process, mitigates errors associated with repetition and fatigue, and contextualizes results by linking relevant external data sources instantaneously.

Quantum-Accelerated Flight Selection: Probing Grover's Algorithm and Quantum Device Efficiency

Current flight search platforms primarily consider four essential factors when planning a trip: departure/arrival dates, as well as the origin and destination locations. However, when additional parameters are added to this search, the problem shifts from a simple to a complex search, as the engine must sift through a massive dataset of flights, including information on airlines, flight routes, fees, and more. To address this challenge and improve flight search efficiency amidst data-intensive and resource-demanding environments, this paper proposes the use of Grover's search algorithm. This algorithm is demonstrated as the optimal solution for searches with increased constraints. The paper highlights the practical application of Grover's search algorithm across three datasets of assorted sizes, as well as various quantum hardware and simulators available in the NISQ era. Furthermore, this paper provides an in-depth understanding of the complexity of quantum circuit design, including the key phases of state encoding and amplitude amplification. The effectiveness of these approaches is evaluated through analysis of execution times and quantum measurement results. The aim is to showcase the potential of quantum computing in revolutionizing real-world search tasks, particularly in the realm of flight selection.

Identifying Effective Components of a Social Marketing Campaign to Improve Engagement With Express Sexual Health Services Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: Case Study.

Little is known about how best to reach people with social marketing messages promoting use of clinical HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) services. We evaluated a multiplatform, digital social marketing campaign intended to increase use of HIV/STI testing, treatment, and prevention services among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) at an LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and/or questioning) community health center. We evaluated engagement with a social marketing campaign launched by Open Door Health, the only LGBTQ+ community health center in Rhode Island, during the first 8 months of implementation (April to November 2021). Three types of advertisements encouraging use of HIV/STI services were developed and implemented on Google Search, Google Display, Grindr, and Facebook. Platforms tracked the number of times that an advertisement was displayed to a user (impressions), that a user clicked through to a landing page that facilitated scheduling (clicks), and that a user requested a call to schedule an appointment from the landing page (conversions). We calculated the click-through rate (clicks per impression), conversion rate (conversions per click), and the dollar amount spent per 1000 impressions and per click and conversion. Overall, Google Search yielded the highest click-through rate (7.1%) and conversion rate (7.0%) compared to Google Display, Grindr, and Facebook (click-through rates=0.4%-3.3%; conversion rates=0%-0.03%). Although the spend per 1000 impressions and per click was higher for Google Search compared to other platforms, the spend per conversion-which measures the number of people intending to attend the clinic for services-was substantially lower for Google Search (US $48.19 vs US $3120.42-US $3436.03). Campaigns using the Google Search platform may yield the greatest return on investment for engaging MSM in HIV/STI services at community health clinics. Future studies are needed to measure clinical outcomes among those who present to the clinic for services after viewing campaign advertisements and to compare the return on investment with use of social marketing campaigns relative to other approaches.

SexAnnoDB, a knowledgebase of sex-specific regulations from multi-omics data of human cancers

BackgroundSexual differences across molecular levels profoundly impact cancer biology and outcomes. Patient gender significantly influences drug responses, with divergent reactions between men and women to the same drugs. Despite databases on sex differences in human tissues, understanding regulations of sex disparities in cancer is limited. These resources lack detailed mechanistic studies on sex-biased molecules.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of molecular distinctions and regulatory networks across 27 cancer types, delving into sex-biased effects. Our analyses encompassed sex-biased competitive endogenous RNA networks, regulatory networks involving sex-biased RNA binding protein-exon skipping events, sex-biased transcription factor-gene regulatory networks, as well as sex-biased expression quantitative trait loci, sex-biased expression quantitative trait methylation, sex-biased splicing quantitative trait loci, and the identification of sex-biased cancer therapeutic drug target genes. All findings from these analyses are accessible on SexAnnoDB (https://ccsm.uth.edu/SexAnnoDB/).ResultsFrom these analyses, we defined 126 cancer therapeutic target sex-associated genes. Among them, 9 genes showed sex-biased at both the mRNA and protein levels. Specifically, S100A9 was the target of five drugs, of which calcium has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of colon and rectal cancers. Transcription factor (TF)-gene regulatory network analysis suggested that four TFs in the SARC male group targeted S100A9 and upregulated the expression of S100A9 in these patients. Promoter region methylation status was only associated with S100A9 expression in KIRP female patients. Hypermethylation inhibited S100A9 expression and was responsible for the downregulation of S100A9 in these female patients.ConclusionsComprehensive network and association analyses indicated that the sex differences at the transcriptome level were partially the result of corresponding sex-biased epigenetic and genetic molecules. Overall, SexAnnoDB offers a discipline-specific search platform that could potentially assist basic experimental researchers or physicians in developing personalized treatment plans.

SAÚDE MENTAL DE ESTUDANTES NEGROS: UM ESCOPO GLOBAL DA LITERATURA.

This work aimed to conduct a survey of international literature in the following countries: Brazil, USA, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, focusing on the mental health of higher education students, particularly black students. The methodology employed was a systematic literature review, utilizing specific "Boolean" operators in three search platforms: SciELO, BVS, and BDTD. A total of 705 potentially relevant articles were obtained, of which 17 were used. It is also noteworthy that understanding and researching the theme proposed in this work imply measures to de-alienate the black population in the social sphere and introduce new perspectives on the health of this population.

Review of Current Clinical Options for the Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia.

Dementia is a disease most prevalent in the older adult population. The cognitive symptoms of dementia include impairments in problem-solving, memory, and language. Some patients experience noncognitive symptoms in addition to the cognitive symptoms of dementia. These noncognitive symptoms are called behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia or BPSD. The primary objective of our study was to examine the therapeutic options, guidelines, and clinical considerations for the management of BPSD. The existing literature about BPSD was reviewed with searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, and online search platforms. Dysregulation of neurotransmission involving acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin has been shown to cause behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. BPSD can include hallucinations, agitation, delusions, anxiety, apathy, abnormal body movements, irritability, depression, disinhibition, and sleep or appetite changes. Pharmacologic therapies used in the treatment of BPSD include antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants. Treatment can be tailored to the specific noncognitive symptoms that are experienced. The use of these agents may be limited based on recommendations from the Beers Criteria®, STOPP criteria, treatment guidelines, and FDA warnings.

Vision-Specific Tools for the Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) in Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairment: A Scoping Review.

Vision-related quality-of-life (QoL) measures offer a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of eye conditions and the effectiveness of treatment on important aspects of QoL. A substantial number of tools for assessing health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in adults have been reviewed. However, despite the high prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors causing visual impairment (VI) in children, there is a notable lack of similar tools for this vulnerable population. This review aimed to systemically map evidence on the availability and use of vision-specific instruments for assessing HR-QoL in children and adolescents with VI. This review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines (2020) and the framework by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al. (2010). We conducted systematic searches through databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus and search platforms Web of Science and EBSCOhost to source reviews published in English from the date of their inception to December 2023. The findings are reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We reviewed twenty tools, nine of which were developed for children in the United States and three of which were developed for children in developing countries; no tools specifically developed for children in Africa were found. In the reviewed papers, the tools were presented to children, parents, or proxies in an interview or questionnaire format. For most of the tools, reliability was assessed using internal consistency (n = 12) and test-retest reliability (n = 12). The most dominant measures of validity were construct (n = 16), content (n = 8), internal (n = 4), and criterion (n = 4). There appears to be a need for more tools developed for children in middle-low-income countries, especially for African children.

Online Education Adaptability for South African Learners with Dyscalculia and Dyslexia using Digital Learning Methods

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 defines equal and inclusive education. Countries of the global south, including South Africa, have several interventions to achieve before making headway on this goal. South Africa has a unique political and historical narrative, and almost three decades post-apartheid, there remain stark differences in school and post-school education. Amongst some of these include learners with learning disabilities. This research focuses on learners with learning disabilities, such as Dyscalculia and Dyslexia. The introduction of digital technologies within higher education institutions excludes these learners as the adaptability of digital learning techniques has not been considered for specific learning disabilities. The challenges are now heightened. Although primary studies have been conducted in the past, no definitive solutions have been established for the seamless integration of these learners into mainstream education. Hence a different research approach was undertaken. An expansive review of existing scholarship was conducted using online academic resources and search platforms such as Google Scholar, Scopus and EBSCOhost. The purpose was to engage with a wide range of national and global literature. A discussion and comparison of available resources and tools were outlined and structured according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was underpinned by the universal design for learning theory. Global research indicated the availability of online tools that were too expensive for South African education and incompatible with the lack of skills and infrastructure. The literature provided adequate information to develop an introductory clinical sociology intervention and embark on a process of awareness and support for educators and affected learners

Social Marketing in Health Emergencies: Content analysis of Campaigns from Public Sector and Nonprofit Organizations

ABSTRACT Communication campaigns to encourage individuals to adopt social norms became a priority in the public sector due to the spread of COVID-19. For this, a content analysis of campaigns issued in English and Spanish for COVID-19 was carried out using Google as a search platform. Fifty-two campaigns launched in 17 countries throughout the year 2020 were analyzed, with a total sample of 504 messages. Research identified that the visibility of the desired behavior was the mechanism increasingly used by the different institutions to inform and persuade the acceptance of new social norms. The campaigns promoted awareness of the virus (descriptive social norms to follow), then they appealed to self-responsibility for contagion, and finally being able to deal with the frustration of confinement. It was identified that most campaigns were merely informative, and that testimony or cultural images were the styles least used.

Soft skills: students and employers crave

This study focuses on soft skills – over-professional competencies that are assessed on a par with professional competencies in today’s world, including for employment purposes. At ITMO University these skills are taught as a separate block of compulsory subjects for students’ choice. The aim of the research was to find out whether teaching soft skills meets the requirements of their future employers. For this purpose, an analysis of vacancies on a popular job search platform was conducted, followed by a public opinion survey of both students and employers. A large-scale study of graduates’ experiences and the labor market in Russia and the Northwestern Federal District in particular was conducted. All the results of the three phases of the work were used to draw conclusions about the development of the study and the application of the results. In general, it was shown that the trajectory of learning and development of soft skills in students should be supported, and future employers appreciate this experience in actual work.