Online Search Research Articles

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major cause of thromboinflammation and inflammatory cell death in critical illnesses.

Mitochondria generate the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) necessary for eukaryotic cells, serving as their primary energy suppliers, and contribute to host defense by producing reactive oxygen species. In many critical illnesses, including sepsis, major trauma, and heatstroke, the vicious cycle between activated coagulation and inflammation results in tissue hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired mitochondrial function contributes to thromboinflammation and cell death. A computer-based online search was performed using the PubMed and Web of Science databases for published articles concerning sepsis, trauma, critical illnesses, cell death, mitochondria, inflammation, coagulopathy, and organ dysfunction. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization triggers apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c and activating caspases. Apoptosis is a non-inflammatory programmed cell death but requires sufficient ATP supply. Therefore, conversion to inflammatory necrosis may occur due to a lack of ATP in critical illness. Severely damaged mitochondria release excess reactive oxygen species and injurious mitochondrial DNA, inducing cell death. Besides non-programmed necrosis, mitochondrial damage can trigger programmed inflammatory cell death, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Additionally, a unique form of DNA-ejecting cell death, known as etosis, occurs in monocytes and granulocytes following external stimuli and mitochondrial damage. The type of cell death chosen remains uncertain but is known to depend on the cell type, the nature of the injury, and the degree of damage. Mitochondria damage is the major contributor to the cell death mechanism that leads to organ damage in critical illnesses. Regulating and restoring mitochondrial function holds promise for developing new therapeutic approaches for mitigating critical diseases.

How to Approach a Child About Concerns for Their Mental Health and Seeking Help: A Delphi Expert Consensus Study to Develop Guidelines on Mental Health First Aid for Supporting Children.

Adults who live or work with children are an important source of support and are gateways to professional help when a child is experiencing a mental health problem. This study aimed to develop consensus-based guidelines on how adults such as parents, educators or health professionals should approach a child aged 5-12 years to discuss concerns about the child's mental health and seek help. A Delphi consensus method with three rounds was used. Experts were recruited from six countries to form three panels: health professionals, educators and people with lived experience (parents and carers, and young people with mental health problems). Statements to be rated were sourced from an online search of websites designed for adults who live or work with children. Further suggestions for statements came from panellists. Statements that reached 80% consensus across all panels were included in the guidelines. 132 participants completed the Round 1 survey, reducing to 54 by Round 3. A total of 248 statements were presented to panel members, with 151 being endorsed and included in the guidelines. These guidelines represent the first recommendations developed for members of the public providing mental health first aid to children aged 5-12 years. Lived experience advocates (i.e. those with lived experience of a mental health problem in childhood and/or caregiving experience of raising a child with a mental health problem) were involved at two stages of this research: As part of the Advisory Group for the project and as expert panel members. Advisory Group members provided input into the conduct of the study and the content and design of the research outputs. Panel members provided their expertise to review every item to be included in the guidelines, proposed new items to be included, and reviewed and approved the finalised output documents.

An analysis of online searches of femoroacetabular impingement patients

Aims: This study compiles frequently asked questions on Google about femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) surgery. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the questions asked to google about FAI and to inform orthopaedic surgeons by drawing attention to the questions that patients are curious about this subject. Methods: A set of search terms was entered into Google Web Search using a cleanly installed Google Chrome browser. Frequently asked questions and web pages were extracted into a database through a data mining extension. Questions were categorized according to topics related to hip impingement repair. Websites were scored for quality using the JAMA Benchmark Criteria. Results: A total of 540 questions were generated from the initial search. After duplicates were removed 364 original questions were extracted and each question was categorized. The most popular question topics were activities/restrictions (17.5%), pain (16.7%), and indications/management (14.5%). The 2 most common websites searched were academic (34%) and medical practice (29.4%). Government websites were more likely to be associated with Recovery time (24% of all Government websites). The average JAMA score of websites was 2.51. Commercial and Academic websites had the highest JAMA scores (2.9 and 2.7 respectively). Conclusion: This study the most frequently asked questions by patients regarding FAI surgery. The topics that patients were most curious about were postoperative activities, pain management, and surgical indications. The most frequently visited sites were academic and medical practice content, with JAMA scores of moderate qualities. These results suggest that more emphasis should be placed on patient education to meet patients’ information needs. A guide called frequently asked questions can be created for orthopedic surgeons to advise patients. Patients can easily access the answers to these questions on the website.

Pelvic venous disorders (PeVD) are not well represented in obstetrics and gynaecology journals.

Pelvic venous disorders (PeVD), previously "Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS)" is usually defined as a female health problem. However, it is our impression that gynaecologists rarely recognise this condition, and most of the research interest appears to be by vascular and venous surgeons, and radiologists. The aim of this study was to investigate if there was evidence to support this view. An online search of the PubMed® database was performed using the search terms "pelvic congestion", "PCS", "pelvic venous disorders" and "PeVD", filtered for relevance to "pelvic veins". Articles were collected from 2013 to 2024 and analysed for which type of journal they appeared in (obstetrics and/or gynaecology, radiology, vascular, venous, angiology, other) and what sort of article each was (original article, review, case report). We found 281 articles published for PCS and 38 articles for PeVD, a total of 319 overall. There was a general increase in articles over the time course. However, 33.2% appeared in vascular and venous journals, 20.4% in radiology journals and only 11.3% in obstetric and/or gynaecology journals. There was no indication that the percentage of articles on PCS/PeVD was increasing in the female health journals over the time studied. PeVD/PCS is under represented in obstetrics and/or gynaecology journals. Most articles appear in vascular and venous journals. This gives rise to concern that women suffering from pelvic pain due to PeVD/PCS tend to consult gynaecologists, rather than vascular and venous specialists who are more actively involved in researching the condition.

Apelin as A Novel Biomarker in Gestational Diabetes Prediction, Prognosis, and Treatment: A Review article

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent health disorder that affects pregnant women with no prior history of DM at 24-28 weeks of gestation. It inversely impacts feto-maternal well-being and represents an important cause of raised morbidity and mortality. For that, earlier screening for GDM is crucial to reduce these adverse outcomes. Traditional screening methods are hindered by false positive results and time consumption, which urged for newer biomarkers. Apelin is an adipokine that has gained a lot of attention due to its role in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. This review aims to examine Aplin's diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic role among pregnant women with GDM. An online search took place throughout 4 electronic repositories (WOS, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed) for keywords (GDM, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, screening, prognosis, fetal complication, and maternal complication). Extracted articles were screened for duplication, and data of interest were analyzed. Analysis confirmed a significant association of Aplein with GDM. Apelin levels were elevated or disturbed in cases that suffered from hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, or complications. It is important to mention that the evidence was sometimes inconsistent or contradictory; still, the results were promising. Apelin was a promising marker in GDM prediction, prognosis, and treatment. Many of the studies were hindered by heterogeneity, inconsistent diagnostic criteria, and small sampling. Future work is recommended to gain a deeper insight into Aplin's action and translate it into clinical practice for improving feto-maternal outcomes.

EXTANT RESEARCH USING THE NATIONAL SURVEY OF OLDER AMERICANS ACT PARTICIPANTS: A SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract Since 2003, the National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants (NSOAAP) has been collected annually for programs funded by Title III of the Older Americans Act (OAA). Covering six program modules including case management, congregate meals, home-delivered meals, homemaker, transportation, and family caregiver support, the NSOAAP data provides rich information for uncovering important issues pertaining to older adults and caregivers who utilize these services. Regardless of its promising content for advancing aging studies in the United States, there is a dearth of scholarly literature that has utilized this data source. Hence, this scoping review sought to map out extant peer-reviewed empirical articles that used data from the NSOAAP. Eight databases were searched with no time restriction, resulting in 42 citations. Two duplicate citations were resolved, leaving 40 articles for the initial title and abstract review. Additional three citations were identified through online searches and reference list review. After the title and abstract review, 33 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. This study and its findings are based on 10 peer-reviewed empirical studies. Findings from the review showed that while there is a dearth in overall empirical studies using the NSOAAP, case management, homemaker, and transportation were the least studied. Caregiver services and congregate meal services were analyzed in 4 studies and home-delivered meals in 3 studies. This scoping review highlights the need for more research to understand the impact of the OAA service as measured through the NSOAAP across time.

Analisis Kesiapan Jurnal Akademik di Lingkungan Universitas Tidar menuju Bereputasi Nasional

<em>Scientific journals are crucial for disseminating research and providing up-to-date references in various fields. As such, any research that does not refer to current and relevant journals will lose its significance and novelty. Therefore, earnest efforts are necessary to produce quality journals, particularly within higher education institutions. This study aims to analyze the readiness of journals at Tidar University to achieve accreditation as nationally reputable journals through SINTA accreditation. The analysis refers to the instruments and criteria required by the national journal accreditation system (ARJUNA). This research is a descriptive quantitative study using a literature review method by conducting an online search of journal websites. The collected information is analyzed using content analysis methods to obtain information on the readiness of the journals according to the scientific journal accreditation guidelines. </em><em>Findings indicate that out of 34 journals at Tidar University, 24 (70%) are unaccredited. These unaccredited journals have the potential to pursue accreditation. Journals meeting accreditation requirements include the Journal of Aquaculture Development and Environment (JADE), Journal of Livestock Science and Production (JaLSPro), THETA OMEGA: Journal of Electrical Engineering, Computer, and Information Technology, Jurnal Rekayasa Infrastruktur Sipil, ABDIPRAJA, and Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (KASTARA). Other journals need to fulfill requirements such as obtaining a DOI, having two years of publication history, and Google Scholar indexing. Based on these findings, the university should support by providing training and mentoring for journal editors to improve management, thereby achieving national accreditation.</em>

Use of the Baidu Index to Analyze Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Online Attention to Adult Education

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of public attention to "adult education" over the past decade. Methods: Using Baidu Index data from January 1, 2014, to November 1, 2024, we examined search trends, demand distribution, and user characteristics through trend research, demand mapping, and user profiling. Results: The online search index for adult education shows a fluctuating upward trend, with peaks in April and October each year. Demand mapping indicates interest in areas such as adult college entrance exams, self-study exams, educational institutions, exam schedules, registration, major selection, tuition, and application procedures. User profiling reveals higher attention from males aged 30~39 in Guangdong Province. Conclusion: Changes in online attention to adult education correlate closely with career aspirations, policy announcements, and social contexts.

Increasing Public Interest in Online Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: An Analysis of Google Trends Data

Objective: Current evidence suggests that the shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted teaching and learning models. This study aims to quantify trends in public interest in different forms of education and associated online search behaviors during the pandemic. Furthermore, it seeks to "nowcast" potential future scenarios concerning the evolution of online education. Methods: Google Trends, a publicly available database, was employed to systematically and quantitatively analyze search query data for key terms related to online education. This study involved querying multiple search volumes for online education, identifying the most commonly used terms, and extracting data from the United States for the period between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2023. The results are presented using the Google metric 'search volume index' in relative terms. Results: The public search interest for keywords related to online education experienced a significant surge starting in March 2020, followed by a gradual decline beginning in August 2020. When comparing the average relative search volume (RSV) changes for terms such as "online school," "online education," "online teaching," and "online learning" in the five months preceding and following March 1, 2020, the average search volumes increased by 46.6%, 30.7%, 103.8%, and 188.3%, respectively. Online search interest in e-learning software demonstrated a similar trend. Among platforms like Zoom, Skype, WebEx, and Google Meet, the majority of Google users displayed a clear preference for Zoom. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, public interest in online education surged to unprecedented levels, potentially reshaping teaching and learning practices for the foreseeable future. This suggests that the integration and use of digital media in education hold significant potential and offer considerable room for further development.

Overcrowding in prisons: Health and legal implications

Introduction: Prison overcrowding can be defined in different ways, and no universal definition exists. More than 120 countries report prison occupancy rates above their own capacity. This paper provides an overview of legal and health implications of overcrowding, analyses potential causes, and provides examples of how different countries utilised non-custodial measures to reduce overcrowding to disseminate good practices as inspiration for other contexts. Methods: Desk study based on literature searches in medical (Pubmed and Medline) and legal sources, including Google Scholar on legal opinions, Global Lex and decisions of UN treaty bodies and regional human rights mechanisms supplemented by online searches for grey literature. In addition, examples from other countries were sought to corroborate and illustrate the points made. Results: A range of international standards exist that provide for the conditions and treatment of people in prisons to prevent prison overcrowding and protect them from its consequences. Nonetheless, overcrowding is persistent across many countries. It is often associated with violations of human rights, including, among others, the right to be free from torture and ill-treatment, the right to health, and the right to liberty and security. The underlying factors contributing to overcrowding vary and include, among others, overuse of imprisonment, excessive use of pre-trial detention, lack of access to a lawyer and underutilisation of non-custodial measures as an alternative to detention. Non-custodial measures can be applied throughout the criminal justice process, and some countries have successfully managed to reduce their prison populations by implementing such measures. Discussion: Overcrowding affects many aspects of prison life, impeding the provision of a humane and rehabilitative environment. Beyond the harm caused to persons in prisons, this may negatively impact society at large in terms of security, public health, and economy. Political will is essential in reducing prison overcrowding.

Components of joint health and wellbeing strategies: a pan-London review of all 33 local authorities

BackgroundIn the UK, Health and Wellbeing Strategies (JHWS) were introduced to identify and help address the health needs of local communities. JHWS translate a borough’s Joint Strategic Needs assessment into actionable outcomes and prioritises areas of focus, but the content and approach of JHWS may vary across different local authorities (LAs) due to demographic and priority differences.ObjectiveCharacterise the key health and wellbeing components of existing and emerging health and wellbeing strategies of 33 local authorities in London.DesignScoping review study with content assessment.MethodsAn online search was conducted to identify JHWS documents. This search was supplemented with outreach to health and wellbeing boards to ensure that the latest documents were retrieved. A set of 62 health and wellbeing themes and words to be captured spanning 13 categories was developed by a team of researchers, and data collection was independently carried out by two researchers. Occurrences of words in the strategy documents were recorded, and a configuration matrix was created and used to determine data trends across the local authorities. A broad search of the context in which the search terms appeared was also performed to understand the trends.ResultsThirty-three JHWS were analysed to identify key search term frequencies. The analysis encompassed strategies from 2015 to 2030, ranging from 7 to 94 pages. Mental health and youth terms emerged as the two top priorities across all strategies. Other frequent terms were related to access to healthcare, inequality, employment, smoking, housing, carers, and elderly individuals. Conversely, terms related to dental health, pollution, nutrition, sexual health, green spaces, breastfeeding, and climate were less cited.ConclusionThis analysis provides insights into regional health priorities and a comprehensive overview of health and wellbeing strategies across London's local authorities. Despite certain limitations, the findings offer valuable insights for local authorities' strategic planning and future research.

Quality and Readability of Hearing Aid-Related Websites in English and Spanish.

To determine the readability and quality of both English and Spanish Web sites for the topic of hearing aids. Cross-sectional Web site analysis. Various online search engines. The term "hearing aid" was queried across four popular search engines. The first resulted 75 English Web sites and first resulted 75 Spanish Web sites were extracted for data collection. Web sites that met the inclusion criteria were stratified by the presence of a Health on the Net Code (HONCode) certificate. Articles were then compiled to be independently reviewed by experts on hearing aids, using the DISCERN criteria, which allowed assessment of the quality of the Web sites. Readability was assessed by calculating the Flesch Reading Ease Score in English and the Fernandez Huerta Formula in Spanish. Readability and quality were both analyzed, comparing scores to their respective language and cross-comparing. There were 37 English Web sites and 30 Spanish Web sites that met inclusion criteria. When analyzing readability, English Web sites were determined to be significantly more difficult to read (average = 55.37, standard deviation [SD] = 7.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 52.9-57.9) than the Spanish Web site counterparts (average = 58.64, SD = 5.26, 95% CI = 56.8-60.5, p = 0.035). For quality, Spanish Web sites (average = 38, SD = 9.7, 95% CI = 34.5-41.5) were determined to be of significantly higher quality than English Web sites (average = 32.16, SD = 10.60, 95% CI = 29.7-34.6). Additionally, there was a significant difference between the non-HONCode English Web sites versus the non-HONCode Spanish Web sites (p = 0.0081), signifying that Spanish non-HONCode certified Web sites were less reliable than non-HONCode certified English Web sites. The present study highlights the importance and necessity of providing quality, readable materials to patients seeking information regarding hearing aids. This study shows that both English and Spanish Web sites are written at a level that is much higher than the American Medical Association (AMA)-recommended sixth-grade reading level, and no Web site included in this study fell at or below the AMA-recommended sixth-grade reading level. English and Spanish Web sites also lacked consistency and quality, as evidenced by their wide variability in DISCERN scores. Specifically, Hispanic patients are more likely to suffer long-term consequences of their health care due to low levels of health literacy. It is important to bridge this gap by providing adequate reading materials. It is especially important to provide evidence-based claims that are directly supported by experts in the field.

Support for child victims of sexual violence who live with intellectual disabilities: an analysis of online Australian resources

ABSTRACT Children who live with an intellectual disability are at significant risk of experiencing sexual victimisation, yet they are also confronted with additional barriers to disclosures, including the role that carers might assume to facilitate support. While help-seeking journeys are complex, the availability of online information and resources can equip a victim or secondary victim with the requisite knowledge to decide whether and how to seek help. This paper reviews what is known about the victim support sector in Australia and its capacity to support children with intellectual disabilities who have been sexually victimised. It considers factors that underpin a decision to access support services such as perceived need, self-efficacy and the availability of online resources. The paper draws from Liang et al.’s (2005) conceptual framework of help-seeking and analyses publicly available service-focused data sources. Findings from our online search revealed that few specialist sexual violence services appear to specifically support the needs of children who live with intellectual disabilities. Targeted support and accessible online information, for children and carers, may help to facilitate uptake of help-seeking and enable the provision of support for child victims.

Integrating Patient-Generated Digital Data Into Mental Health Therapy: Mixed Methods Analysis of User Experience.

Therapists and their patients increasingly discuss digital data from social media, smartphone sensors, and other online engagements within the context of psychotherapy. We examined patients' and mental health therapists' experiences and perceptions following a randomized controlled trial in which they both received regular summaries of patients' digital data (eg, dashboard) to review and discuss in session. The dashboard included data that patients consented to share from their social media posts, phone usage, and online searches. Following the randomized controlled trial, patient (n=56) and therapist (n=44) participants completed a debriefing survey after their study completion (from December 2021 to January 2022). Participants were asked about their experience receiving a digital data dashboard in psychotherapy via closed- and open-ended questions. We calculated descriptive statistics for closed-ended questions and conducted qualitative coding via NVivo (version 10; Lumivero) and natural language processing using the machine learning tool latent Dirichlet allocation to analyze open-ended questions. Of 100 participants, nearly half (n=48, 49%) described their experience with the dashboard as "positive," while the other half noted a "neutral" experience. Responses to the open-ended questions resulted in three thematic areas (nine subcategories): (1) dashboard experience (positive, neutral or negative, and comfortable); (2) perception of the dashboard's impact on enhancing therapy (accountability, increased awareness over time, and objectivity); and (3) dashboard refinements (additional sources, tailored content, and privacy). Patients reported that receiving their digital data helped them stay "accountable," while therapists indicated that the dashboard helped "tailor treatment plans." Patient and therapist surveys provided important feedback on their experience regularly discussing dashboards in psychotherapy.

Postoperative complications of intrascleral intraocular lens fixation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Our systematic review and meta-analysis elucidates the postoperative complication rates associated with 3 major surgical approaches, including the scleral tunnel, glued, and flanged techniques, for sutureless intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation. An online search was performed for articles published in PubMed and EMBASE between January 1, 1975, and January 7, 2023. Original studies reporting postoperative complications of sutureless intrascleral IOL fixation were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The initial search yielded 1854 articles, from which 1797 were excluded; 57 and 51 were included in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis, respectively. Based on the meta-analysis, the postoperative complication rates of cystoid macular edema (5.7 %), retinal detachment (3.5 %), vitreous hemorrhage (8.8 %), and hypotony (5.5 %) were highest with the scleral tunnel technique. The glued technique had the highest complication rate for corneal edema (14.2 %). The rates of temporarily elevated intraocular pressure (9.9 %), iris capture (5.4 %), haptic exposure (6.5 %), and IOL decentration (7.3 %) were the highest with the flanged technique. The flanged technique had a significantly shorter operative time (median, 17.1 min) compared with the scleral tunnel (42.7 min) and glued (56.5 min) techniques. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity with the flanged technique was significantly better than that with the other techniques (P = 0.017). This meta-analysis identified high postoperative complication rates related to the impact of surgical manipulations with the scleral tunnel technique and IOL placement stability with the flanged technique. These findings enable surgeons to minimize postoperative complications in high-risk patients.

Innovationen in der Versorgung von Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen während der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland, Frankreich und Großbritannien

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie hatte drastische Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheitssysteme vieler Länder. Zur Aufrechterhaltung der Versorgung mussten umgehend Lösungen gefunden werden, wobei sich auch das Potenzial ergab, Innovationen zu beschleunigen. So wurde beispielsweise der Zugang zu Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen während der Pandemie durch „Telehealth für frühen medikamentösen Schwangerschaftsabbruch“ (TEMA) verstärkt genutzt.In diesem narrativen Übersichtsartikel werden Deutschland, Frankreich und Großbritannien in Hinblick auf die Entwicklung der Anzahl, Methoden und Settings von Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen in den Jahren 2018–2023 verglichen. Veränderungen im Versorgungsangebot und in der Gesetzgebung während der Pandemie werden dargestellt und die Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern sowie die verschiedenen Innovationsfaktoren diskutiert. Dazu wurden nationale Statistiken analysiert und es fand eine Literatur- und Onlinerecherche (Rapid-Review) statt.In den 3 Ländern zeigen sich unterschiedliche Abbruchraten und Anteile medikamentöser Abbrüche sowie Auswirkungen der Pandemie; ein Anstieg von Telehealth ist aus einigen Quellen ersichtlich. In Frankreich und Großbritannien, wo medikamentöser Schwangerschaftsabbruch die Hauptmethode des Abbruchs ist, waren Dienstleistungen im Zusammenhang mit Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen schon vor der Pandemie leichter zugänglich. Während der Pandemie wurde hier TEMA, inkl. Versenden von Medikamenten, offiziell eingeführt. In Deutschland wurde TEMA erstmals durch Nichtregierungsorganisationen angeboten. Nachhaltigkeit und Verbreitung der Neuerungen bleiben fragil, insbesondere in Deutschland, wo der disruptive Ansatz einiger Organisationen noch keinen Eingang in die allgemeinen Gesundheitsdienste gefunden hat.

Image-Based Sexual Abuse and EU Law: A Critical Analysis

Abstract In May 2024, the European Union adopted the Directive on violence against women and domestic violence, marking the first EU-wide binding legislation to address various forms of sexualized and gendered harm. This Article provides the first comprehensive analysis of the Directive’s provisions on image-based sexual abuse (“IBSA”), encompassing the non-consensual taking, creating, and sharing of intimate materials, as well as threats to distribute them. While acknowledging the aim to harmonize legislation at the Union level, the Article identifies a range of limitations and the failure to fully reflect the diverse experiences of victims. Additionally, the Article evaluates the complementary roles in combating IBSA of the Digital Services Act and the AI Act which impose obligations on online platforms, search engines, and AI developers. Overall, the current EU framework represents a promising but partial approach. If the EU is to comprehensively address IBSA and safeguard victims’ rights, implementation beyond the minimum will be required together with proactive, effective regulation.

Bayesian Nonparametric Sequential Search

Sequential search models are popular in marketing for studying consumer search behavior. Current search models use parametric assumptions regarding different aspects of the models, such as random shocks, search costs, and consumer preferences. These assumptions can be restrictive. The authors develop a novel Bayesian nonparametric framework for sequential search to flexibly model unknown distributions. They also develop Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for inferring the model unknowns. The authors conduct simulation studies to demonstrate that currently popular parametric search models can yield incorrect estimates and inferences when the data-generating process deviates from their assumptions. In contrast, the proposed model accurately recovers these quantities for various data-generating processes. The methodology is then applied to online search and purchase data from a Japanese retailer. The results show that several heterogeneity distributions have complex patterns, such as multimodality and skewness, that are not captured by a parametric benchmark model. The authors also estimate the monetary value of search costs, the price elasticities, and a counterfactual profit gain under a personalized couponing strategy and find substantial differences in the results from the two models.

Impact of Apple Cider Vinegar on Insulin Resistance and Related Conditions: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Potential Risks - Literature Review

Introduction and purpose: The topic of apple cider vinegar supplementation and insulinresistance is becoming increasingly widespread, especially on the internet, which carriesmany potential risks. There is a need to understand both how apple cider vinegar reducesinsulin resistance and improves metabolic parameters, as well as the potential risks of its use.Material and methods: Medical databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase weresearched for scientific papers on the safety, benefits, mechanisms, and risks of apple cidervinegar in insulin resistance and related conditions. These were analyzed and summarized ina single review.State of knowledge: Apple cider vinegar supplementation contributes to a reduction ininsulin resistance, which is reflected in parameters such as decreased postprandial insulinsecretion, lower levels of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), reduced fastingglucose, lower HbA1c levels, and supports weight loss, potentially improving insulinsensitivity. In most cases, no adverse effects or serious side effects were observed with dosesof 15-30 ml per day. However, potential risks include delayed gastric emptying, exacerbationof gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastrointestinal disturbances, tooth erosion,although one study suggests that such supplementation may be associated with acutepancreatitis.Conclusions: More research is needed on supplementation, particularly regarding itsduration. Another risk is the search for health information online without critically evaluatingthe content. Weight loss through a proper diet and exercise appears to be key for improvinginsulin sensitivity, but supplementation may help achieve results in certain patient groups.

Illuminating the Path to Thyroid Disorder Management Using Artificial Intelligence: A Narrative Review

Background: Dysregulation of thyroid function, manifesting as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, can profoundly impact an individual's overall health. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) applications have the potential to revolutionize diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and patient monitoring. Objectives: This study comprehensively reviews the latest literature on AI applications in thyroid functional and autoimmune disorders. Methods: An online search was conducted on databases using search queries crafted with MeSH terms related to AI and thyroid disorders. After screening, studies aligned with our research focus were selected for this narrative review. Results: Multiple studies have explored the use of AI technologies, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), to enhance laboratory workflows for thyroid function tests (TFT) and improve the accuracy of TFT interpretation by incorporating clinical data. In imaging, DL-based models have demonstrated the potential to assist less experienced radiologists in interpreting scintigraphy and ultrasound images. Artificial intelligence has also provided valuable insights into identifying diagnostic genes for thyroid-related autoimmune disorders and understanding the effects of environmental factors, such as chemicals, on thyroid gland function. Some ML models have been developed to predict the risk of hypothyroidism following radioiodine therapy (RAI). Furthermore, AI has shown promise in personalized levothyroxine dose adjustments, predicting treatment responses, and accurately diagnosing complications such as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Finally, ML-based models forecasting the risk of suicide attempts in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and predicting pregnancy outcomes, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preterm delivery, based on TFT results, appear beneficial in addressing these significant health issues. Conclusions: The current state of AI in diagnosing and treating thyroid function disorders is promising, with applications primarily focused on improving diagnostic accuracy, consistency, and personalized treatment approaches. However, challenges remain that prevent these models from fully substituting professionals. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensure AI effectively contributes to the management of patients with thyroid diseases.