Expert Search Research Articles

Patient perspectives towards skin of color clinics: results from a survey study.

Skin of color clinics (SOCCs) are dermatology clinics that provide specialized care for patients with melanated skin. Little is known about patient perceptions and attitudes toward these clinics. We sought to perform a survey study to assess the opinions of patients of color previously seen in our dermatology department toward SOCC. A 14-question survey was sent by email to patients of color seen at our institution between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021. Out of 264 participants who completed the survey, 176 (66.7%) indicated they would prefer to be seen in a SOCC and 88 (33.3%) preferred to be seen in a general dermatology clinic (GDC). Clinic choice varied significantly by ethnicity, with Black/African American participants being the most likely to prefer SOCC over GDC than other races/ethnicities. Those interested in SOCC were primarily motivated by a search for expertise in the skin of color (SOC) and did not have a preference for the skin color of the SOCC dermatologist. Those interested in GDC were happy with their current care. This study was limited by the single-center design and sample bias. Our results overall provide positive patient feedback for the creation of SOCCs as centers for expertise in SOC. The preference for SOCC varied by race/ethnicity, highlighting that clinic choice is best left to the patient.

Prediction of cancer drug combinations based on multidrug learning and cancer expression information injection

Compared with patients with common diseases, cancer patients usually have a more fragile cellular microenvironment and more complex or varied complications. Therefore, to meet treatment needs while also keeping the body in a state of balance between resistance and protection, there is an urgent need for the large-scale accurate identification of effective cancer drug combinations. Inspired by many approaches to drug molecule representation learning and cancer-related gene recognition, we propose a feature fusion model in this paper. The model can combine the molecular representation of drugs with the representation of target genes containing cancer information. It is a means to infuse specific disease information into drugs to guide drug combination prediction for specific cancers. Experimental results show that our method has achieved outstanding results in terms of predictive performance across seven common cancers, such as colorectal adenocarcinoma. For instance, in the case of osteosarcoma, the model achieved an AUROC of 0.9246. Additionally, excellent results were obtained in terms of running time and model complexity. New pairs of effective drug combinations can be mined for each of them, and out-of-sample predictions can be verified against relevant databases. This demonstrates that the feature fusion model can make full and convenient use of the existing advanced feature extraction technology and effectively promote the realization of precision therapy. In addition, we integrated a cancer drug combination dataset constructed from anticancer drugs. All entries in this dataset are standardized and uniformly identified, containing a wealth of information for the search of experts in related fields.

How developing a point of need training tool for evidence synthesis can improve librarian support for researchers.

Medical and health sciences librarians who are involved in evidence synthesis projects will know that systematic reviews are intensely rigorous, requiring research teams to devote significant resources to the methodological process. As expert searchers, librarians are often identified as personnel to conduct the database searching portion and/or are approached as experts in the methodology to guide research teams through the lifecycle of the project. This research method has surged in popularity at our campus and demand for librarian participation is unsustainable. As a response to this, the library created self-directed learning objects in the form of roadmap to assist researchers in learning about the knowledge synthesis methodology in an expedient, self-directed manner. This paper will discuss the creation, implementation and feedback around our educational offering: Systematic & Scoping Reviews: Your Roadmap to Conducting an Evidence Synthesis.

First Responder's Standard Operating Procedure for Employing Drones to Expedite Insurance Claims

Drones offer cost-effective real-time data collection, payload delivery, and have accelerated various commercial, industrial, and recreational applications. They are commonly used for research, disease transmission monitoring, disaster site assessment, and biohazard monitoring. However, disaster victim insurance claims are hampered by insufficient cooperation between first responders, typically the Civil Defence Department, and the insurance industry. This paper proposes integrating drones into standard operating procedures for disaster victim identification by first responders. Improved collaboration between first responders and insurers can expedite insurance claims, benefiting both parties and disaster victims. Insights are drawn from feedback provided by Civil Defence Department Malaysia's first responders and experienced forensic experts in search and rescue operations

What Is (Un)Flavored? A Scoping Review of the Conceptualization of Flavored Cigarillos.

To identify how flavor is conceptualized with respect to cigarillos to illuminate areas of concordance and discordance and provide a pathway for the harmonization of tobacco flavor measurement. Three methods were used to identify research measuring flavors respective to cigarillo products including: (1) querying research databases using key words "cigarillo," "tobacco" and "flavor"/'flavour,' (2) sub-sampling of the eligible literature with backward and forward reference searching, and (3) a bibliographic search of key experts. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Inclusion criteria required manuscripts to be available in English, published prior to 3/1/2022, be original and peer-reviewed, and include a measure of flavor pertaining to cigarillo products. A total of 163 manuscripts met these criteria and were subsequently evaluated. Cigarillo flavor determinations were made based on the presence of flavoring agents, sensory characteristics, marketing or package characteristics, pre-defined lists, the absence of any of these, and/or were undefined. Individual flavors and their related classifications were not altogether mutually exclusive due to differences in conceptualization which has evolved over time. Flavor measures continue to evolve, likely in response to both tobacco control policies and industry shifts. There is a lack of standardization in flavor conceptualization that can be ameliorated through intentional integration of multiple forms of research such as identifying patterns of flavoring agents and/or marketing strategies that elicit a specific flavor profile. By doing this, we may more comprehensively evaluate the impact of flavors, their constituents, and related marketing strategies on broader population health. There are discrepancies in the conceptualization of flavor in tobacco and nicotine products. The lack of standardized, definitive language limits our ability to comprehensively evaluate the population-level health impact of flavors in addition to our ability to effectively inform, implement, and enforce policies restricting flavors in tobacco and nicotine products.

Validation of an interprofessional education search strategy in PubMed to optimize IPE literature searching.

With exponential growth in the publication of interprofessional education (IPE) research studies, it has become more difficult to find relevant literature and stay abreast of the latest research. To address this gap, we developed, evaluated, and validated search strategies for IPE studies in PubMed, to improve future access to and synthesis of IPE research. These search strategies, or search hedges, provide comprehensive, validated sets of search terms for IPE publications. The search strategies were created for PubMed using relative recall methodology. The research methods followed the guidance of previous search hedge and search filter validation studies in creating a gold standard set of relevant references using systematic reviews, having expert searchers identify and test search terms, and using relative recall calculations to validate the searches' performance against the gold standard set. The three recommended search hedges for IPE studies presented had recall of 71.5%, 82.7%, and 95.1%; the first more focused for efficient literature searching, the last with high recall for comprehensive literature searching, and the remaining hedge as a middle ground between the other two options. These validated search hedges can be used in PubMed to expedite finding relevant scholarships, staying up to date with IPE research, and conducting literature reviews and evidence syntheses.

Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Research on Expert Finding: A PRISMA-guided Approach

This study conducts a comprehensive exploration of expert retrieval using a dual approach of bibliometric analysis and systematic review, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. From 2000 to 2023, our investigation reveals a notable upward trajectory in expert locating study, focusing on 494 articles identified from Scopus using specific keywords related to Expert Finding (EF) and Expert Finding Systems (EFSs). Through bibliometric analysis, utilizing VOSviewer, we identify prominent co-author groups, highly-cited documents, and global participation, shedding light on the collaborative and internationally expansive nature of EF investigations. Keyword co-occurrence and text analysis reveal thematic clusters, signaling the evolving emphases in the field from foundational expert search tasks to considerations of platform interactions. Simultaneously, our systematic review, conducted on a subset of 51 articles using NVivo, explores domains seeking expert solutions, prevalent datasets, and common evaluation methods. This research not only synthesizes the current state of EF and EFS literature but also charts a course for future exploration, contributing to a deeper understanding of the field and guiding the trajectory of forthcoming research endeavors

Perceived awareness and usefulness of artificial intelligence technology for efficient library operations in university libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria

The integration of artificial intelligence technology in academic libraries has immensely elevated the image of their operations and services to users. This study investigates the perceived awareness and usefulness of artificial intelligence technology for library operations in Kwara State academic libraries. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study and the population consisted of 108 librarians and paraprofessionals in all university libraries in Kwara State which are University of Ilorin, Kwara State university Malete, Al Hikmah University, Ojaja , University, Eyenkorin, Landmark University, Omu Aran, and Ahmad Pategi University, Patigi. A total enumeration technique was employed and questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Data collected wewre analysed with frequency counts and simple percentages. Findings revealed that AI Robots, AI chatbots, face recognition technology, virtual references, Humanoids, Dynamed and AI expert systems are the AI technologies the respondents were highly aware of. The respondents perceived the usefulness of AI technologies for efficient library operations such as AI chatbots can be useful for reference services, AI can used for cataloguing and classification of library materials, AI drone surveillance can be used for library security, AI expert search tools for information search, AI can be useful for automating library routines. The findings also revealed the challenges of artificial intelligence technology integration to library operations to includes potential loss of job, high risk of maintenance, inadequate internet service provision, technical problems, epileptic electricity or power supply, and Inadequate ICT facilities for AI technologies. This study concluded that the librarians in university libraries in Kwara State are aware of AI technology and perceived the usefulness of its integration to library operations. It also recommends that AI technologies such as robots, chatbots, and expert systems should be integrated to libraries in other to provide top-notch services to their users.

How to develop a focused research question for a rapid evidence review

Rapid reviews are emerging as an alternative to systematic reviews, and they are now widely used to inform decision-making in healthcare. During COVID-19 pandemic, rapid reviews became more widespread. Some teams prepare reviews in a matter of days, instead of several weeks using streamlined systematic review methods. There are multiple roles for librarians within the evidence review process. As an expert searcher, the librarian must interact with the researchers, clinicians, and decision makers. A well-defined research question needs extreme specificity and preciseness which guides rest of the review. Developing a focused question workshop provided an overview of rapid review methods. Discussion and activities on developing a focused research question. How to start with broad topic and narrow it down to a question that is clear, relevant and answerable.

Risk factors of preterm birth in Sri Lanka: case-control study

Introduction: Preterm birth is a major challenge as a contributor to neonatal and child mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Many countries toil to prevent and care for preterm babies. Country-specific solid data on risk factors of preterm births are crucial to formulate preventive strategies. Objectives: To determine the antenatal risk factors of preterm births in Sri Lanka Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted in seven Government hospitals with obstetric and neonatal care facilities in Colombo District in Sri Lanka. Live-born, spontaneous or provider-initiated, 374 preterm babies (<37 & >24 weeks of gestation) as cases and live-born 374 term babies as controls were recruited from mothers who had a dating scan before 22 weeks. A risk factor profile worked out by extensive literature search and consultation of experts was subjected to multivariable analysis to identify risk factors. Results: Risk factors identified were: multiple pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=10.57; 95% CI: 3.48, 32.08); bleeding/spotting during pregnancy (aOR=3.51; 95% CI: 1.77, 6.98), past preterm birth (aOR= 2.83; 95% CI: 1.09, 7.36), recent stressful life event (aOR=2.62; 95% CI: 1.43, 4.81), higher gravidity (aOR=2.58; 95% CI: 1.35, 4.9), dissatisfaction with self-assessed own health (aOR=2.54; 95% CI: 1.52, 4.22), pregnancy induced hypertension (aOR=2.25; 95% CI: 1.16, 4.38), no antenatal dental assessment (aOR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.23, 3.81), unsatisfactory oral hygiene (aOR=2.01; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.04), long standing hours during 3rd trimester (aOR=1.91; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.94) and cooking using firewood (aOR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.25). Sexual abstinence (aOR=0.46; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.81) was a protective factor. Conclusions & Recommendations: Modifiable and unmodifiable factors for preterm births were identified. Special care during pregnancy and early admission is recommended for multiple pregnancy, those had spotting during pregnancy and those had past preterm delivery. Avoiding stress during pregnancy and emphasizing oral hygiene are recommended.

A scoping review of engineering education systematic reviews

AbstractBackgroundSystematic review or systematic literature review (SLR) methodologies are a powerful tool for evidence‐based decision making. The method originated in the medical sciences but has since been adopted by other disciplines, including engineering education (EE).PurposeWe aimed to answer two research questions: (i) To what extent is the SLR research method being applied in EE? (ii) How closely are SLRs published in EE following established reporting guidelines for the methodology?Scope/MethodWe searched Inspec, Compendex, and ERIC for engineering‐related SLRs and meta‐analyses (MAs). We included English language papers that contained an explicit SLR search, or where it appeared the methodology was intended by the author(s). We completed a data extraction process for 21 descriptive and quality‐related items, including engineering discipline, which allowed us to identify the EE studies analyzed in this article.ResultsThis sub‐analysis presents the results of 276 EE‐related reviews. We found the use of SLR/MA methods is growing in EE, with 93% of papers published during 2015–2022. However, we found that authors are not generally following established guidelines for reporting their methods and findings.ConclusionsNot following the best practices for conducting and reporting SLRs can result in the presentation of incorrect summaries and analyses due to missed evidence. Including search experts (e.g., librarians) trained in conducting SLRs can improve review quality. There is also an opportunity for EE‐related publishers to recruit experts trained in conducting SLRs as peer reviewers to participate in evaluating submitted reviews.

Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Web-Based Search Tasks for Policy Workers

We adapt previous literature on search tasks for developing a domain-specific search engine that supports the search tasks of policy workers. To characterise the search tasks we conducted two rounds of interviews with policy workers at the municipality of Utrecht, and found that they face different challenges depending on the complexity of the task. During simple tasks, policy workers face information overload and time pressures, especially during web-based searches. For complex tasks, users prefer finding domain experts within their organisation to obtain the necessary information, which requires a different type of search functionality. To support simple tasks, we developed a web search engine that indexes web pages from authoritative sources only. We tested the hypothesis that users prefer expert search over web search for complex tasks and found that supporting complex tasks requires integrating functionality that enables finding internal experts within the broader web search engine. We constructed representative tasks to evaluate the proposed system’s effectiveness and efficiency, and found that it improved user performance. The search functionality developed could be standardised for use by policy workers in different municipalities within the Netherlands.

The Gender-Diversity and Autism Questionnaire: A Community-Developed Clinical, Research, and Self-Advocacy Tool for Autistic Transgender and Gender-Diverse Young Adults.

Autistic transgender people face unique risks in society, including inequities in accessing needed care and related mental health disparities. Given the need for specific and culturally responsive accommodations/supports, the characterization of key experiences, challenges, needs, and resilience factors within this population is imperative. This study developed a structured self-report tool for autistic transgender young adults to communicate their experiences and needs in a report format attuned to common autistic thinking and communication styles. This cross-nation project developed and refined the Gender-Diversity and Autism Questionnaire through an iterative community-based approach using Delphi panel methodology. This proof-of-principle project defined "expertise" broadly, employing a multi-input expert search approach to balance academic-, community-, and lived experience-based expertise. The expert collaborators (N = 24 respondents) completed a two-round Delphi study, which developed 85 mostly closed-ended items based on 90% consensus. Final item content falls within six topic areas: the experience of identities; the impact of experienced or anticipated discrimination, bias, and violence toward autistic people and transgender people; tasks and experiences of everyday life; gender diversity- or autism-related care needs and history; the experience of others doubting an individual's gender identity and/or autism; and the experience of community and connectedness. The majority of retained items relate to tasks and experiences of everyday life or the impact of experienced or anticipated discrimination, bias, and violence. This study employed a multipronged multimodal search approach to maximize equity in representation of the expert measure development team. The resulting instrument, designed for clinical, research, and self-advocacy applications, has parallel Dutch and English versions and is available for immediate use. Future cross-cultural research with this instrument could help identify contextual risk and resilience factors to better understand and address inequities faced by this large intersectional population.

Why do researchers co-author evidence syntheses with librarians? A mixed-methods study.

Librarians and information specialists are experts in designing comprehensive literature searches, such as those needed for Evidence Syntheses (ES). The contributions of these professionals to ES research teams have several documented benefits, especially when they collaborate on the project. However, librarian co-authorship is relatively rare. This study explores researcher motivations for working with librarians at the co-author level through a mixed methods design. Interviews with researchers identified 20 potential motivations that were then tested through an online questionnaire sent to authors of recently published ES. Consistent with previous findings, most respondents did not have a librarian co-author on their ES, though 16% acknowledged one in their manuscript and 10% consulted one but did not document the contribution. Search expertise was the most common motivation both to and not to co-author with librarians. Those that had or were interested in co-authoring stated that they wanted the librarians' search expertise, while those who had not or were not interested stated that they already had the necessary search expertise. Researchers who were motivated by methodological expertise and availability were more likely to have co-authored their ES with a librarian. No motivations were negatively associated with librarian co-authorship. These findings provide an overview of the motivations that influence researchers to bring a librarian into an ES investigatory team. More research is needed to substantiate the validity of these motivations.

Visual expertise is more than meets the eye: an examination of holistic visual processing in radiologists and architects.

One of the dominant behavioral markers of visual-expert search strategy, holistic visual processing (HVP), suggests that experts process information from a larger region of space in conjunction with a more focused gaze pattern to improve search speed and accuracy. To date, extant literature suggests that visual search expertise is domain specific, including HVP and its associated behaviors. The current study is the first to use eye tracking to directly measure the HVP strategies of two expert groups, radiologists and architects, in comparison to one another and a novice control. In doing so, we replicated and extended this prior research: visual expertise is domain specific. However, our eye-tracking data indicate that contrary to this prior work, HVP strategies are transferable across domains. Yet, despite the transfer of HVP strategies, there is neither reduced search time nor greater accuracy in visual search outside of an expert's domain. Therefore, our data suggest that HVP behaviors are a particular form of visual search mechanism that, outside of an expert's native search-ecology, are not necessarily conducive to more general visual search success. It is in addition to explicit knowledge of an expert's domain, how to search, and where to search, that HVP strategies are their most effective for visual search success.

Using the Co-Authority Graph for the Thematic Search of Conferences on Scientometric Data

Thematic information search is used in various fields of activity. The use of thematic analysis tools to search for conferences allows you to increase the completeness of the search and coverage of conferences, helps to expand the circle of scientific communication of young scientists and the formation of closer scientific connections. The search algorithms developed by the authors use the co-authorship graph and the reference set of authors. The set can be obtained using methods of thematic search of experts or based on given samples. The developed algorithms are language insensitive and take into account the authority of conferences in the scientific community. Approbation was carried out on the data of the scientometric system IAS ISTINA.

Ususret potrebama za profesionalnim razvojem arhitekata: Modeli integrisanja BIM-a u obrazovne programe

There is a need for innovation in the education and further professional development of architects which will enable them acquire and develop the future-oriented knowledge and skills. In the knowledge society, learning takes place in an array of different contexts and lasts as long as an individual is keen on developing new knowledge or skills. However, initial preparation through university programs is essential for the professionalization of the field and development of professional identity in an individual. Yet, university is traditionally resistant and sceptic to changes, especially those coming from the industry or other market-oriented sectors. This makes university experts search for suitable models of introducing innovations. This paper discusses the models questioned in relation to the introduction of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) in architectural education. It is considered a paradigmatic change in engineering education, which requires specific capacities for its successful implementation in the education programs. Three models are discussed; BIM in education frameworks, stand-alone BIM courses, and BIM in the design studio.

Политико-культурные аспекты при взаимодействии экспертных сообществ с политическими институтами

The subject of this article is the study of the peculiarities of domestic political and cultural aspects in the interaction of expert communities with political institutions. This research study was conducted in the form of an interview. The respondents were members of expert communities and representatives of political institutions. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that, after analyzing the answers provided to the questions asked during the interview regarding the experience of becoming respondents as members of expert communities, interaction with expert communities, if the respondent is a member of a political institution, questions regarding the processes of selection and search for experts in expert communities, as well as questions about the current role of the participation of expert communities in the formation of public policies. The conducted research will indicate what political and cultural problems exist in the interaction of expert communities with political institutions of power and will help form the current vision of this situation through a survey of direct participants in such interaction.

Expert searchers identified time, team, technology and tension as challenges when carrying out supplementary searches for systematic reviews: A thematic network analysis.

Systematic reviews require detailed planning of complex processes which can present logistical challenges. Understanding these logistical challenges can help with planning and execution of tasks OBJECTIVES: To describe the perspectives of expert searchers on the main logistical challenges when carrying out supplementary searches for systematic reviews, in particular, forward citation searching and web searching. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with 15 experts on searching for studies for systematic reviews (e.g. information specialists) working in health and social care research settings. Interviews were undertaken by video-call between September 2020 and June 2021. Data analysis used thematic network analysis. We identified three logistical challenges of using forward citation searching and web searching which were organised under the global theme of 'tension': time, team and technology. Several subthemes were identified which supported the organising themes, including allocating time, justifying time and keeping to time; reviewer expectations and contact with review teams; and access to resources and reference management. Forward citation searching and web searching are logistically challenging search methods for a systematic review. An understanding of these challenges should encourage expert searchers and review teams to maintain open channels of communication, which should also facilitate improved working relationships.

Automated MeSH term suggestion for effective query formulation in systematic reviews literature search

• The introduction of the new task of suggesting MeSH terms for systematic review literature search, modelled within the context of an information specialist looking for MeSH terms to add to a Boolean query. • The formulation of MeSH term suggestion methods, based on pre-trained language models, to help information specialists and researchers to construct effective Boolean queries for systematic review creation. • An empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of different MeSH terms suggestion methods. • An understanding of how the MeSH term suggested by the proposed automatic methods differ from those MeSH terms originally selected by information specialists when formulating queries. High-quality medical systematic reviews require comprehensive literature searches to ensure the recommendations and outcomes are sufficiently reliable. Indeed, searching for relevant medical literature is a key phase in constructing systematic reviews and often involves domain (medical researchers) and search (information specialists) experts in developing the search queries. Queries in this context are highly complex, based on Boolean logic, include free-text terms and index terms from standardised terminologies (e.g., the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus), and are difficult and time-consuming to build. The use of MeSH terms, in particular, has been shown to improve the quality of the search results. However, identifying the correct MeSH terms to include in a query is difficult: information experts are often unfamiliar with the MeSH database and unsure about the appropriateness of MeSH terms for a query. Naturally, the full value of the MeSH terminology is often not fully exploited. This article investigates methods to suggest MeSH terms based on an initial Boolean query that includes only free-text terms. In this context, we devise lexical and pre-trained language models based methods. These methods promise to automatically identify highly effective MeSH terms for inclusion in a systematic review query. Our study contributes an empirical evaluation of several MeSH term suggestion methods. We further contribute an extensive analysis of MeSH term suggestions for each method and how these suggestions impact the effectiveness of Boolean queries.