Seaports Of Ukraine Research Articles

TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN SEAPORTS OF UKRAINE

The article covers changes of direction in development of the maritime management complex of Ukraine. The need for a comprehensive study of specific stages of seaports development is due to the fact that maritime ports are an integral part of the transport and industrial infrastructure of the state since they are located on the routes of international transport corridors. The European integration of Ukraine and activation of its transit influence enhancing the quality of services of the maritime management complex. By the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the Seaports of Ukraine”, there were significant changes in the public administration of the maritime industry, which remain in force to this day. The methodological basis of the research is formed by a system of general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge (historical, dialectical, analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction, forecasting). Based on the study of scientific works on the public management theory and the public administration, the author’s definition of the category “public administration” in the maritime industry at the stage of transformation has been formulated. Aspects of management have been analyzed, tasks and functions have been revised in accordance with European standards and best management practices; critical factors for the successful administration of the port sector of Ukraine have been identified. It was pointed out, that nowadays the Ukrainian maritime industry has a unique opportunity to create its own port management model based on the European “port-landlord” management pattern. It was emphasized, that there is a need for a seminal work in the direction of changing national legislation, a significant change in the approach, not only in planning the development of ports, but also a binding development implementation through the application of a direct rule on prosecution for failure to comply with strategic documents on the development of the industry. Fostering the emergence of an approach for determining the direction of public administration development of the maritime industry at the stage of changes involves solving the following issues: withdrawal of land administration from the public sector; optimization of managerial decision making; adoption of the institution for the implementation of plans for the development of ports and the responsibility for the execution of those tasks.

Основні шляхи та резерви потенціалу розвитку морських портів України

The article defines that the development potential of any enterprise depends on the reserves, resources available at the enterprise, as well as the possibilities of their effective use by the enterprise. The concepts of "enterprise potential", "production potential of the enterprise" are given and their main elements are defined. The formation of the potential of Ukrainian seaports is considered, the reserves of the potential of the seaport development are determined, their classification is given. The analysis of economic activity and capacity of Ukrainian seaports, the degree of diversification of their activities, as well as their own research and studies of domestic scientists allowed to formulate the main priority areas for developing the potential of seaports, including Odessa seaport as a leading transport system.

Analysis of the draft methodology for setting the rates of port dues, which can be applied at the seaports of Ukraine

Analysis of the draft methodology for setting the rates of port dues, which can be applied at the seaports of Ukraine

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE SERVICES OF THE SEA PORTS OF THE BLACK SEA-AZOV BASIN FROM THE POSITIONS OF INTERPORT COMPETITION

Topicality. The urgency of the topic is due to the rapid development of integration and globalization processes that have changed the conditions of port business and the requirements for the provision of seaport services. An increasingly problematic issue is the need to determine the competitiveness of Ukraine's maritime infrastructure, which lags behind most developed countries in terms of service quality and speed of transport, in order to further identify effective ways to increase the competitive position of seaports. The problem of analysis of interport competition and competitiveness of port services in modern conditions of world market development requires improvement of the methodological apparatus. Analysis of the international competitiveness of port services is considered necessary to do according to a methodology that takes into account the set of production facilities and the relationships between them, the influence of numerous factors and variables using modern methods of multicriteria analysis..Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to determine the current competitive position of Ukrainian seaports in the Black Sea-Azov basin using the method of "Data Envelopment Analysis" to provide further recommendations for its improvement..Research results. The study found that the competitiveness of services is understood as the degree of their compliance with the requirements of the selected market; as a set of factors that reflect both the technical and economic characteristics of services and the conditions of their implementation; as a set of consumer and cost characteristics, in connection with which there is a distribution of demand. In general, the factors influencing the competitiveness of seaport services can be grouped into a block of geographical, natural-climatic, infrastructural, logistical-technological, geopolitical and institutional factors. Assessment of the competitiveness of seaports from the standpoint of interport competition by the method of "Analysis of the operating environment" determined that the ports of Chernomorsk, Yuzhny, Odessa quite effectively use available capacity (88.6%, 98.9% and 85.1% respectively), but lag behind indicators of the ports of Trabzon, Batumi, Constanta, Burgas, South, Caucasus.Conclusion. The study found that the main approach on the basis of which is the formation of the competitiveness of the seaport, is a resource approach aimed at increasing port capacity. To analyze the international competitiveness of port services used a methodology that takes into account the set of production facilities and the relationships between them, the influence of factors and variables using methods of multi-criteria analysis (method "Analysis of the operating environment"). Prospects for future research are related to the development of effective ways to increase and use port capacity to increase the international competitiveness of Ukrainian ports in the Black Sea-Azov region.

Entropy as an Objective Function of Optimization Multimodal Transportations.

This article considers the use of the entropy method in the optimization and forecasting of multimodal transport under conditions of risks that can be determined simultaneously by deterministic, stochastic and fuzzy quantities. This will allow to change the route of transportation in real time in an optimal way with an unacceptable increase in the risk at one of its next stages and predict the redistribution of the load of transport nodes. The aim of this study is to develop a mathematical model for the optimal choice of an alternative route, the best for one or more objective functions in real time. In addition, it is proposed to use this mathematical model to estimate the dynamic change in turnover through intermediate transport nodes, forecasting their loading over time under different conditions that also include long-term risks which are significant in magnitude. To substantiate the feasibility of the proposed mathematical model, the analysis and forecast of cargo turnover through the seaports of Ukraine are presented, taking into account and analysing the existing risks.

CUSTOMS FORMALITIES FOR FOREIGN WARSHIPS, THEIR ARMS AND CREWS IN THE UKRAINIAN PORTS

The article is devoted to determining the current state and ways to improve the legal regulation of customs formalities for foreign warships, their arms and crews in the Ukrainian ports. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to find the optimal model of legal regulation for such activities in Ukraine as the state port and the fragmentation of current legal research in the field of custom port formalities. The purpose of the article is to define the current state of organizational and legal regulation for the implementation of customs formalities for foreign warships, their arms and crews in the Ukrainian seaports, outlining possible ways to update and improve it. The methodological basis of the research is formed by general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge (dialectical, analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction, forecasting). The task of the article is to develop proposals for improving the legal regulation of customs formalities applicable to foreign warships in the Ukrainian ports. The article characterizes and analyzes the provisions of law, regulations and local acts in force in the Ukrainian seaports. It is noted that the current legislation of Ukraine, according to the established practice of navigation and customary norms embodied in international treaties, defines a special procedure for customs formalities in respect of foreign warships, their arms and crews. The characteristic feature of such legislation is that almost identical rules on such formalities are placed in different normative acts of different legal force. This specifies the necessity to develop a universal normative document that would define all aspects of entry, stay and leaving the inland waters for foreign warships, in particular to the waters of the Ukrainian seaports.

ANALYSIS OF EXPORT FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION OF UKRAINE IN THE RAILWAY AND SEA CONNECTION

The paper analyzes the export transportation of goods by rail and transshipment in seaports of Ukraine using the methods of mathematical statistics. At present, the export of Ukrainian goods to the countries of the world in terms of traffic exceeds imports several times and is the most dynamically developing international trade sector. Despite the unstable political and economic, and since last year also the sanitary-ecological situation in Ukraine and in the world, exports still have a stable positive dynamics among the total volumes of international traffic. The analysis of export cargo with transshipment in seaports showed that for the sixth year in a row grain cargo ranks first among others in terms of exports. On the railway the key type of cargoes in transportations in recent years also became grain which rates of transportation increase annually. The export component of international trade is also based on ferrous metals, ores, oils, chemical and mineral fertilizers, and mechanical engineering products. The total share of the export component for the EU market as Ukraine's main international trading partner increased from 27.3% in 2008 to 37.3% in 2020. Among the problems hindering the further increase in transshipment in seaports is the still underdeveloped infrastructure, despite the available opportunities to increase technical capacity, and as a result - the limited range of cargo and types of vessels for service, and the use of outdated technologies of ship handling and cargo operations in ports. Ukraine's international trade development projects include attracting investors to port infrastructure through concession tenders in seaports, introduction of private locomotive traction on railways, measures to ensure safety of navigation and maintaining the necessary depths in ports, addressing the shortage of rolling stock on railways, infrastructure development port railway stations. The application of the Fourier analysis technique to detect cyclical fluctuations in transport processes made it possible to obtain a forecast function of grain cargo volumes in certain time intervals, which can be used to develop measures to smooth out uneven traffic flows and reduce uncertainties in transport.

Simulation of the assessment of the competitiveness of sea ports of Ukraine using the Harrington function

Relevance of the research topic. The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the competitiveness of seaports of Ukraine, the relevance of which is highlighted in the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030; Strategies for the development of seaports of Ukraine for the period up to 2038; Corporate strategy of the state enterprise "Administration of Seaports of Ukraine" until 2025. Analysis of recent research and publications. The article provides an overview of modern foreign publications on assessing the competitiveness of seaports using various methods, in particular: the Herfindahl-Hirschman index; psychometric Likert scale; expert assessments based on an extended version of M. Porter's "diamond" approach. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The author emphasizes the inadequacy of domestic work on assessing the competitiveness of seaports using economic and mathematical modeling. Problem statement, research goals. The aim of the article is to implement a methodological approach to assessing the competitiveness of Ukrainian seaports using the Harrington desirability function. Method or methodology of the study. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of economic and mathematical modeling. Presentation of the main material. In modern economic conditions, the seaport is considered a complex economic system. One of the most convenient and clear methods of solving multicriteria problems, which include the assessment of competitiveness, is the desirable function of Harrington. The author simulates the assessment of the level of competitiveness of 13 seaports of Ukraine using the psychophysical scale of Harrington's desirability on the basis of these indicators that characterize their technical condition. Conclusions in accordance with the article. As a result of modeling, it was obtained that the generalized coefficient of desirability of assessing the competitiveness of Ukrainian seaports has a value in the range from 0.42 to 0.77, ie the assessment of "satisfactory" and "good". This means that the modernization of ports, which helps to improve these indicators (number of berths, their length, maximum depth of parking near berths, the total area of warehouses) can significantly increase the level of their competitiveness.

Формування системи ключових показників вимірювання ефективності діяльності портів

Introduction. Recently, the role of ports in Ukraine has been transformed from a physically strategic gateway to a participant in integrated global supply chains, accompanied by competition in the quality of services. This requires a comprehensive improvement in the performance of the organizational system of ports, in particular, to assess the effectiveness of its activities.Problem Statement. Key performance indicators (KPIs) in the port industry of Ukraine have been developed with changes in the paradigm of ports. The last transformation began with a fundamental transition of the cargo processing process from labor-intensive to capital-intensive, and the growth of world trade and increased inter-port competition have led to a reduction in port monopolies. Increased investment needs and competitive behavior have led to increased private sector participation in the provision of cargo handling services and the subsequent transition from purely state ports to lessor ports (landlord model). For landlord ports, the quality of services determines their competitive position vis-à-vis other ports and intermodal alternatives. Such ports contribute to the quality of services directly through land and water access infrastructure, as well as by providing land suitable for modern loading and unloading operations, regulating the movement of ships and land transport within the port; as well as due to charged port fees and tariffs, including private service providers. This necessitates the expansion of the system of key indicators for measuring port performance (KPI).Purpose. Scientific and methodological substantiation of KPIs system of seaports and development of proposals for their monitoring and reporting (on the example of the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority (hereinafter — SE «USPA»), taking into account international experience in this field.Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is a set of methods and techniques of scientific research: logical generalization—determining the content of the assessment of the effectiveness of ports; analysis and synthesis - to study the peculiarities of these enterprises, to identify trends in their development in the context of determining the criteria for forming a system of indicators for evaluation; system approach — in determining the elements of the KPI system; statistical methods – to analyze the financial and economic condition of economic entities.Results. The study proposes scientific and methodological principles of forming a system of key indicators for measuring the efficiency of ports of Ukraine, which include: substantiation of criteria, definition of the list of KPIs; determining the stages of the process of their monitoring and reporting (on the example of the activities of USPA, taking into account international experience in this field.Conclusions. The proposed scientific and methodological recommendations for assessing the efficiency of ports with the help of the developed KPI system and the procedure for their application at the enterprise can be applied at state enterprises of the transport and infrastructure sector. The development of communication tools between system developers and those responsible for their implementation in order to increase the efficiency of ports is the subject of further research.Keywords: key perfomance indicators, KPI, criteria, seaport, transport infrastructure

«GOOD GOVERNANCE» PRINCIPLE IN THE REFORM OF PORT FORMALITIES IN UKRAINE

The article is dedicated to the identification of opportunities and directions for improving the legal and organizational support for the implementation of administrative formalities in the seaports of Ukraine. The urgency of the research issue is due to the need to build an updated concept of port formalities and the lack of modern legal research in the field of improving the clearing mechanisms of ships in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to determine the possibilities of applying the principle of ‘good governance’ for the formation of an updated organizational and legal means for the registration of ships in seaports of Ukraine. The methodological basis of the research is formed by a system of general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge (historical, dialectical, analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction, forecasting). In the article, the legal and regulatory framework for simplification of port procedures in Ukraine is analyzed and the importance of quality organization of its implementation is emphasized. The general terms of the ‘good governance’ principle and the possibility of its application in the port industry of Ukraine are outlined. It is noted that establishing an effective dialogue between governmental authorities, businesses and the public in order to constitute an updated concept of port formalities is currently a leading task for the Ministry of Infrastructure, the Maritime Administration and the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority. It is concluded that nowadays the ‘good governance’ principle is gradually and mostly declaratively introduced into the sphere of organizational and legal support of port formalities in Ukraine. Some single steps have been taken to simplify the clearance of ships in seaports, but good initiatives are usually overdue, expensive and inadequate, and the principle of good governance still awaits implementation not only in legislation and law enforcement, but also in the minds of politicians and civil servants.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ПРАВОВІ ПРОПОЗИЦІЇ ЩОДО УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПОРТОВИХ ОПЕРАТОРІВ

The legal status of port stevedoring operators in the seaports of Ukraine is regulated by the Code of Merchant Shipping, the Law of Ukraine «On Seaports оf Ukraine» and the Rules for the provision of sea services in the ports of Ukraine. Port activity is an integral part of the sphere of merchant shipping and its legal regulation is associated with activities that are part of the concept of merchant shipping. The world transport system, which includes ports, operates in conditions of intensified competition between national systems, between different modes of transport, namely between sea and land. Both containerized and non-containerized lines operate in multimodal mode today. Working as part of a multimodal scheme requires seaports −stevedores to be competitive, both in relation to the subjects of movement of goods, and to the ports included in other logistics chains. Stevedoring activities are part of economic activities. Itshould be considered as the activity of business entities, which is associated with the loading and unloading of ships, aimed at generating income, is regular, permanent, significant, that is, it coincides with the definition of entrepreneurial activity. Stevedoring activities include a production and technological component and an organizational and economic component. As a reality on the grounds of modernization in the development of the world port distribution system, the process of attracting private capital not only in the development of port infrastructure, but also in the actual stevedoring activities. State stevedores operate on the territory of each seaport. The port operator, the terminal operator provide services for freight operations with goods transported by water, rail, road and pipeline modes of transport, as well as other related work at the request of the client. That is, there are two definitions regarding the executor of cargo operations. These are the port operator and the terminal operator. In the seaports of Ukraine, the list of port operators, terminal operators in each seaport, as well as the list of services provided is determined in the register of seaports of Ukraine. Based on this rule, the executor of cargo operations can be only port operators, terminal operators, whose range is limited to the register.Keywords: merchant shipping, stevedoring company, port operator, seaport, terminal operator

АНАЛІЗ КОНКУРЕНТНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ЛОГІСТИКИ ЕКСПОРТУ ЗЕРНОВИХ ВАНТАЖІВ З УКРАЇНИ

Modern trends in the development of grain exports from Ukraine are analyzed in the article. This can be explained by several factors. Firstly, our country has excellent geographicconditions for growing cereals. Secondly, the volume of production goes beyond the scope of only the domestic market of the country. Thirdly, from the point of view of the logistic structure, the Black Sea ports are well suited for shipping grain to China, Egypt, Thailand, Israel, and the United Arab Emirates.The main goal of the work is to analyze and identify problematic aspects of the competitive environment for the logistics of exportgrain cargo from Ukraine.An analytical review of the competitive environment for the logistics of exporting grain cargo from Ukraine has been carried out. The competitive environment of grain export logistics is the result and conditions of interaction of a large number of entities (grain traders, transport companies, ports, port terminals), which determines the appropriate level of economic rivalry and the ability of individual economic agents to influence the overall market situation. It is important that the competitive environment is formed not only and not so much by the actual subjects of grain delivery and transshipment of grain cargoes, the interaction of which causes rivalry, but, first of all, by the relations between them.Ukraine confidently holds key positions in the world grain market. The Ukrainian grain market is export-oriented, which ensures the receipt of foreign exchange earnings into the state treasury. Most of the grain cargo is exported through port terminals, which requires the coordination and efficiency of grain traders, linear elevators, transport and terminals.However, the logistics schemes for the delivery of grain in our country require partial modification. Improving the competitive environment and solving the problems of supplying grain for export, through the seaports of Ukraine, should be seek in improving the logistics infrastructure, by using inland water transport with road transshipment of goods. The use of this direction will allow supersize vessels to enter the Ukrainian seaports, and will increase the competitiveness of grain exports from Ukraine. Keywords:exporters, grain crops, competitors, grain terminals, transportation, ports

Criteria for the management of a sustainable and safe positioning of the fleet in the conditions of globalization

Purpose. To develop a model of minimizing transportation risks for strengthening the criteria for sustainable and safe positioning of the fleet. Methodology. Scientific research, whose results are given in the presented article, is performed using both general and special methods of cognition. Methods of quantitative and qualitative comparison, content analysis, scientific abstraction and systematization and the method of mathematical formalization were used. Findings. An algorithm of a criterion-based approach to sustainable and safe positioning of the fleet in the presence of international transport market constraints is proposed. A mathematical model has been developed for minimizing transportation risks, which will reduce the current costs of the merchant fleet and, accordingly, contribute to its sustainable and safe positioning. Since it is important for industrial enterprises to reduce the time and cost of delivering raw materials, components, reducing transport costs for delivering products to the consumer, the paper presents forecasting of volumes of container transportations through ports of Ukraine and comparative analysis with the forecast trend of container transportations in the world market. This made it possible to form a tool for determining the appropriate positioning of the fleet. Originality. The study developed an algorithm for a criteria-based approach to sustainable and safe fleet positioning under international transport market constraints and a mathematical model to minimize transportation risks. This allows moving over to the formation of an integrated multimodal transport system and coordinated actions of all market participants in transport services. The efficiency and reliability of the system will be enhanced by the ability to predict the reorientation of routes associated with increased risk and dynamic management of traffic flows. Practical value. The results of the study can be used to create integrated automated information systems for dynamic traffic management using alternative routing of traffic flows to minimize risks. The results of the forecast study on container traffic through Ukrainian seaports can be used for practical or scientific purposes.

Medium-term prospects of the functioning of Ukrainian seaports

The article presents the results of a medium-term forecast of the development of Ukraine's seaports (USP) under pessimistic and optimistic scenarios. It is emphasized that this forecast is an important component of the Industry Development Strategy, as well as a basic element for the development of the Action Plan for the implementation of strategic medium-term development priorities in accordance with the long-term goals. The author carried out a retrospective analysis of the volume of cargo transshipment in Ukrainian seaports, and of selected the indicators on which the forecast model is based, namely: Ukraine's GDP and the volume of world sea freight. The macroeconomic medium-term forecast of Ukraine's GDP for the period up to 2024 was developed by the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and the forecast of the volumes of world sea freight was developed by the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Attention is focused on the fact that effective management of the development of seaports in Ukraine depends on the accuracy and reliability of medium-term forecasting. In addition, emphasis is placed on the need to study future trends in the seaports' development, whose foundation is being laid today. For this purpose, the author highlights the economic factors influencing the dynamics of cargo handling in Ukrainian seaports, outlines the global trends influencing the development of global sea freight transportation and operation of seaports, and analyzes various current short-term and medium-term trends in sea freight transportation and functioning of seaports, in particular, in the context of the spread of COVID-19, which affect the seaports' performance. It is proved that the chosen statistical model of forecast calculation is accurate and reliable. The results quoted indicate that the volume of cargo transshipment in Ukrainian seaports for the period up to 2024 will grow in both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. Emphasized the necessity of substantiation of the recommendations to the current Strategy of the Development of Ukrainian Seaports of Ukraine in view of modern tendencies of the industry's development.

Середньострокові перспективи функціонування морських портів України

The article presents the results of a medium-term forecast of the development of Ukraine's seaports (USP) under pessimistic and optimistic scenarios. It is emphasized that this forecast is an important component of the Industry Development Strategy, as well as a basic element for the development of the Action Plan for the implementation of strategic medium-term development priorities in accordance with the long-term goals. The author carried out a retrospective analysis of the volume of cargo transshipment in Ukrainian seaports, and of selected the indicators on which the forecast model is based, namely: Ukraine's GDP and the volume of world sea freight. The macroeconomic medium-term forecast of Ukraine's GDP for the period up to 2024 was developed by the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and the forecast of the volumes of world sea freight was developed by the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Attention is focused on the fact that effective management of the development of seaports in Ukraine depends on the accuracy and reliability of medium-term forecasting. In addition, emphasis is placed on the need to study future trends in the seaports' development, whose foundation is being laid today. For this purpose, the author highlights the economic factors influencing the dynamics of cargo handling in Ukrainian seaports, outlines the global trends influencing the development of global sea freight transportation and operation of seaports, and analyzes various current short-term and medium-term trends in sea freight transportation and functioning of seaports, in particular, in the context of the spread of COVID-19, which affect the seaports' performance. It is proved that the chosen statistical model of forecast calculation is accurate and reliable. The results quoted indicate that the volume of cargo transshipment in Ukrainian seaports for the period up to 2024 will grow in both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. Emphasized the necessity of substantiation of the recommendations to the current Strategy of the Development of Ukrainian Seaports of Ukraine in view of modern tendencies of the industry's development.

BUNKERING IN UKRAINIAN PORTS

The market of bunkering services forms one of the most important segments of world trade in oil products. In fact, the bunker market provides the work of the entire shipping industry, the share of which in world GDP is growing steadily, and by 2018 was estimated at 10 to 20%. Currently, fuel bunkering is a problem for Ukrainian seaports. Over 15 years, the annual volume of bunkering in Ukrainian ports has decreased tenfold. In Ukraine there are necessary coastal bases in Kherson, Nikolaev, other places. Bunker companies can easily find the right number of bunkers on the market for service in our ports. The volume of the world bunker market is characterized by huge and constantly growing needs of the world navy in material and technical supply of fuel of the vessels of the most different function in scales of the World ocean. The determining factor of regional demand for bunkering is the intensity of vessel traffic. Demand volumes depend primarily on the number of calls to local ports, the scale of port activity, tonnage turnover, the geography of sea routes in the region, the proximity of busy shipping routes and the service of transit flows. In addition, the availability of infrastructure (technical, organizational, information) and adjacent sources of competitive fuel supply at the prices of local refineries (refineries), as well as a range of services, quality of service, traditional procurement, customer confidence. The largest bunker centers in terms of bunker fuel sales per year are Singapore, Fujairah, Rotterdam, Hong Kong, Busan, Piraeus, Antwerp, Kaohsiung, Suez Canal, Panama Canal, Houston and Gibraltar. When organizing the flight according to two schemes, two ports for bunkering were considered: Istanbul and the Pivdenny. As a result of calculations in two directions, it can be concluded that Ukrainian ports are attractive for bunkering ships in technological and economic terms. Therefore, when changing the design scheme of the bunker in the ports of Ukraine, you can get some benefits. Both carriers and bunker companies may be interested in this.

PORT STATE JURISDICTION CONCEPT AND LEGAL REGIME FOR VESSELS IN THE SEAPORTS OF UKRAINE

The article covers the modern approaches to determine the concept-based principles of the jurisdiction of Ukraine as Port State with regard to national flag and foreign flag vessels. Urgency of the study is conditional on the necessity to update and improve the regime of vessels and their crews to be in force in the Ukrainian ports, particularly under the current COVID-19 outbreak. Taking into consideration the insignificant quantity of the modern legal theoretical insights of the a.m. issue, the article offers a challenge to determine the scientific basis of formation of the updated body of laws, dedicated to implementation of the best practices, global standards and updated epidemiological protocols to be applied to vessels and their crews in the seaports of Ukraine. The article analyzes the latest tendencies of the update practice how to prepare vessels for entering the Ukrainian seaports. The characteristic to the experience of COVID-19 pandemic prevention in the world ports and in Ukraine has been given, the most successful practices of prompt and flexible change in their regime rules have been determined. The approaches of state governments and international institutions as to the problematic issues of vessel crew rotation under the condition of COVID-19 have been studied. The result is that along with the strategic long-term planning of port and sea activity in Ukraine, it is necessary to develop and implement the sublegislative law-making instruments for everyday practice that will define mechanisms of actions of authorized bodies and agencies under critical conditions (vessel accidents, spreading of infectious diseases and so on).

Evaluation of seaports’ investment attractiveness

Ukraine’s European integration requires the involvement of seaports in the international TEN-T network, so it is extremely important to create favorable investment conditions to develop port infrastructure. This study aims to make a comprehensive assessment of the seaports’ investment attractiveness to use it for increasing the efficiency of attracting investment in the development of Ukrainian seaports, which are part of the European transport network. The study was conducted using the Saati method and the method of calculating the integrated indicator of seaports’ investment attractiveness. The integrated indicator includes assessing indicators of business activity in the region and consolidated indicators of financial and property status, logistical attractiveness, and prospects for port development. According to the results of calculations, the seaports of Ukraine were divided into three groups. The ports of Yuzhne, Odesa, Illichivsk, and Mykolaiv have a high level of investment attractiveness. The ratio of investment attractiveness ranges from 3 to 2.6. The ports of Izmail, Mariupol, Oktyabrsk, and Kherson have an average level (ratio from 2.2 to 1), and other ports have a low investment attractiveness (coefficient from 0.9 to 0.7).

ON OPTIMAL TERMS OF PROJECTS REALIZATION RELATED TO CREATION OF INNOVATIVE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OBJECTS

The efficient operation of the transport infrastructure is a key factor in the successful functioning of many enterprises, industries and entire regions of Ukraine. Currently, a significant part of the transport infrastructure of Ukrainian sea ports is outdated and requires urgent measures for its modernization. Therefore, of great practical interest is the creation of effective methods for substantiating the optimal timing of projects for the innovative development of transport infrastructure facilities. In a situation where the existing object of an obsolete transport infrastructure is planned to be replaced with a new infrastructure object, with the involvement of innovative technologies, it may seem advisable to start the implementation of the project for the creation and operation of an innovative object as early as possible in order to be able to start using all the advantages which are provided by the innovative technologies. But, on the other hand, with such an approach, it may turn out that the operation of an infrastructure facility that uses old technologies will be completed long before its physical resource is exhausted and before the payback period of the corresponding investment is reached. Thus, there is a natural need to develop quantitative methods that allow to make informed decisions about the optimal timing of the completion of old and start of new projects using more effective innovative technologies. The paper proposes a method for assessing the performance indicators of projects for the construction and operation of transport infrastructure based on the introduction of innovative technologies. To assess the effectiveness of projects for the creation and operation of transport infrastructure facilities, taking into account both physical deterioration and obsolescence, it is proposed to use the EAC indicator. Studies have shown that when planning the time for the start of innovative projects, it is advisable to reduce the duration of the operational phase of the project for the construction and operation of an old-type transport infrastructure facility, in comparison with those terms that would be optimal if the introduction of innovative technologies was not planned.

DEVELOPMENT OF ODESSA SEA PORT IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION OF THE PORT AND LOGISTICS CENTER: SOCIAL AND GEOGRAPHIC ASPECTS

Problem Statement and Purpose. The article presents the socio-geographical characteristics of the development of the Odessa seaport as one of the largest Ukrainian seaports. The purpose of the study was to characterize the Odessa port, to consider the main features of its functioning and development trends, the relationship with the port-logistics and general economic system of the Odessa region.Data & Methods. Sources of information for the study were statistical materials, scientific, literary and journalistic sources. Methodological basis of the study were the provisions of social geography, economics, logistics, law. Descriptive, comparative-geographical, historical, statistical methods of research were used when writing the articles.Results. The city of Odessa was founded as a port due to its favorable seaside location. The port of Odessa has a developed port economy, and it is currently the leader in container cargo processing in Ukraine, and it also processes ferrous metals, grain, oil and petroleum products and other goods. Now, unfortunately, the port loses in terms of cargo turnover not only to the world and foreign Black Sea ports, but also to other seaports of Ukraine. This was influenced by both unfavorable external geo­political and geo-economic factors, as well as inefficient domestic port policy. The port of Odessa acts as an important component of the integrated port-logistics system of the region, consequently, this determines the principles of its further perspective development. The prospective development of the Odessa port and logistics center is connected with the preservation of the traditional structure of cargo turnover, as well as with the attraction of new types of cargo, new regular connections on international lines, new types of services, improvement of the port and market infrastructure, de­velopment of the passenger complex. For further successful development it is also necessary to address urgent organizational and legal issues of port activity, and it is extremely important to further develop the types of economic activities arising on the basis of the port economy.