Seaport Development Research Articles

Ecological Structure of Macrobenthic Invertebrates of the Benin River, Southern Nigeria, Before the Seaport Development Project

Macrobenthic invertebrates are major components of aquatic ecosystems. Because of their partial or sessile motion, they can be used to assess water quality status. The Benin River is a beehive of human activity, and with the development of the proposed seaport along its course, its physical, chemical, and biological components may be affected. The need to document macrobenthic invertebrates before the seaport development prompted this study. Four stations were selected between Ajoki and a section opposite Young Town, employing both kick sampling and Ekman grab techniques. Seasonal influence on the distribution and abundance of macrobenthic invertebrates was observed. In total, 3,267 macrobenthic invertebrates were collected during the sampling period. The highest number of taxa (35) were recorded in Station 1, and the highest number of individuals (1,103) was in Station 3. The dominant macrobenthic invertebrate group was Decapoda (76.61%); Diptera (6.15%) and Ephemeroptera (4.62%), others constituted the remaining 12.62%. There was a positive correlation between the family Diaptomidae and the physicochemical parameters, except for heavy metals.

All aboard: The effects of port development

Seaports facilitate the fast flow of goods across space, but ports also entail local costs borne by host cities. We use the introduction of containerized shipping to explore the effects of port development. At the local level, we find that seaport development increases city population by making a city more attractive, but this market access effect is offset by costs which make the city less attractive. At the aggregate level, we find that the local costs associated with port development are heterogeneous across cities and reduce aggregate welfare gains. Net of the costs, our results suggest that containerization in seaports increased world welfare by 3.4%.

Impact of Gwadar Deep Seaport Development under CPEC on Poverty Alleviation in Gwadar City

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the deep seaport development project under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on poverty alleviation in Gwadar city. A review of past research highlights the feasibility of similar projects that have been initiated in other countries and their positive outcomes for regional economies. Previous literature indicates that port development projects enhance local economic growth and help reduce poverty in the region. This study uses three key indicators to measure poverty: education level, health facilities, and living standards. The statistical analysis reveals that improvements in these three indicators have led to a decrease in poverty levels in the region. Under CPEC, various development projects have been launched across the country. However, several issues can limit the benefits of these projects, such as political interference, pressure from vested interest groups, and adverse effects on the natural environment. The study recommends that improving regional connectivity and fostering social interaction among inhabitants are crucial for maximizing the benefits of these development projects and effectively alleviating poverty.

Assessment of the Water Quality of the Benin River, Southern Nigeria, Prior to the Seaport Development Project

Assessment of the Water Quality of the Benin River, Southern Nigeria, Prior to the Seaport Development Project

THE ASSESSMENT OF THE SEDIMENT QUALITY OF THE BENIN RIVER STRETCH: AN INDEX ANALYSIS APPROACH

Sediment is an integral part of the aquatic ecosystem that acts as contamination sink and a home to bottom dwellers. The need to evaluate the contamination status before the seaport development using different pollution indices prompted this study. Four stations were studied from Ajoki to opposite Young Town. Sediment samples from the van-veen grab were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures, quality assurance and quality control measures. The results showed the sediment to be slightly acidic. The mean concentrations of all physicochemical parameters except organic carbon and organic matter differed significantly (P< 0.01) across the stations. A posteriori Duncan Multiple Range test revealed that station 4 differed significantly from other stations while among heavy metals, Cadmium, Nickel and Vanadium showed significant variations (P<0.05) caused by station 2. Cadmium and copper were above DPR (Department of Petroleum Resources) intervention limit. The high sorption capacity (KD>6kg/l) implied low mobility of heavy metals in the water with Fe and Ni being the least and highest adsorbed metal respectively. The heavy metal contamination in the sediment was evaluated by applying the Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). Contamination factor ranged from moderate contamination (Cadmium) to very high contamination (Vanadium) showing anthropogenic sources (EF>1). Potential ecological index showed that sediment was severely impacted (RI≥600=Severe). This stretch of the Benin River sediment is contaminated with cadmium and vanadium from anthropogenic sources. Continuous monitoring of this sediment stretch during the Seaport development activities and operational stage is paramount to prevent further degradation.

Sustainability Performance Assessment Framework for Major Seaports in India

In performing seaport operations, triple bottom dimensions and its related key performance indicators play a significant role in improving overall aspects of seaport sustainability. This research paper intends to examine key seaport practices that form sustainable seaport development in the Indian major seaports context from stakeholder collaboration and seaport internal sustainable management decision framework. Firstly, the key practices of sustainable seaport development were examined through a broad literature review considering sustainable seaport development and related management and stakeholder-based theories. Sustainability thematic analysis is carried out based on the identification of various dimensions and key performance indicators from various literary works. Based on the theoretical framework seaport sustainability conceptual model was developed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 87 seaport professionals and FAHP was performed on an input basis by 23 seaport authorities to analyze the prominence of the proposed sustainable seaport development dimensions. This study also indicated that the economic dimension is the most important, while the social dimension is the least vital dimension perceived by Indian seaport managers. This research paper will conclude with a few policy insights for seaport managers in sustainable development decisions to discover areas for improvements in maritime sustainability and enhance the seaport competitiveness.

The Investing Perspectives in Stevedoring Services of The Seaports in Georgia

The international market of stevedoring services is a combination of national sea trading ports that serve the transportation of goods in the framework of international trade that actively compete with each other. The purpose of this work is to develop the economic foundations and practical recommendations for regulating the development of stevedoring activities based on modern investment process management methods. It also considers the optimization of the definition and analysis of the use of economic potential of seaports and the problem of choosing optimization criteria at different stages of the algorithm problem solving. The analysis of the competitiveness of ports requires describing the economic potential in terms of resource and organizational and managerial capabilities. Furthermore, there is discussed the theoretical foundations and practical recommendations for developing a seaport development strategy for viable and well-calculated transformations in the port sector. The practical recommendations are related to external and internal analysis of the seaport environment, development of the mission and goals of the seaport, development of basic and functional strategies,formation of a strategic planning system. Keywords: Seaports, Stevedoring services, Strategic management, Competitiveness.

Has China's Free Trade Zone policy expedited port production and development?

China's free trade zone (FTZ) policy satisfies China's objective demand to get geared to the economic globalization trend and forms an essential part of China's opening-up strategy, creating new opportunities for Chinese seaports. Seaport development is subject to its throughput and the import and export trade scale of the city where it's located, but the growth rates of the two are not synchronized. To identify the impacts of FTZ policies on China's free trade seaports, with port throughput and import and export trade scale of the city taken into consideration, this article selects four Chinese seaports, namely Shanghai Port, Tianjin Port, Guangzhou Port, and Fuzhou Port, which are located in the FTZ establishment earlier, and bases the study on the port throughputs and import and export trade volumes of their cities from 2000 to 2020 for empirical testing with the allometric growth model and linear scale factors. The results show that the impacts of FTZ policies exhibit differences from region to region. Specifically, the FTZ promotion policies have lagging impacts on Shanghai Port and Tianjin Port. The Guangdong Free Trade Zone's policies have a short-term continuous promoting impact on Guangzhou Port's production. In contrast, Fujian Free Trade Zone's policies are a strong stimulus to the development of Fuzhou Port. The empirical test about the FTZ policies' impacts on seaport development will provide a theoretical basis for figuring out the critical role of FTZ in promoting the high-quality development of seaports and boost the coordinated development of ports and urban economies.

Port Security and Seaport Development

Port Security and Seaport Development

ПРО ДЕЯКІ ПІДХОДИ ДО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОПУСКНОЇ СПРОМОЖНОСТІ МОРСЬКИХ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНИХ ПОРТІВ

The article considers the existing approaches to modeling the capacity of commercial seaports. A review of research on seaport development models in order to summarize the experience of modeling complex processes and improve their use for forecasting and analysis.. Economic and mathematical modeling of ports is directly related to one or another of their conceptual modelsExamples of stochastic modeling studies, queuing models, scenario approach with combination of simulation modeling, use of Markov apparatus with demolition, dynamic optimization model based on methods of inventory management theory, namely the generalized Wagner-Whitein dynamic model are considered.Simulation modeling of sea trade ports in four main directions was considered: modeling of dynamic systems, discrete − event modeling, system dynamics, agent modeling.The aim of the study is to compare approaches to modeling the capacity of commercial seaports in the current state.A two-level multifactor dynamic model of linear programming is proposed to determine the capacity of ports and their specialization by type of cargo in a broad sense. The multifactorial modeling by the proposed model and the possibility of its use for the purposes of analysis limiting the capacity of ports, and to justify options for their deve-lopment.The method of organizing the delivery of goods through transshipment ports by different modes of transport is implemented in the process of optimal distribution of cargo between ports and modes of transport, which determines the specialization of ports by type of cargo in a broad sense. It was solving the problem determines the reserves of port capacity and limiting the resources of ports in which to invest for the development of growing cargo flows. The possibility of choosing options for the development of commercial seaports was realized in the model on the basis of maximum net income with the condition of repayment of loans in equal amounts and additional restrictions on investment, loans by year and the condition of inseparable net present value of individual investment projects in ports.Multicriteria optimization was considered in order to choose a solution that meets the interests of all participants in the transport process.Comparison of analytical, simulation and situational modeling of sea trade ports is performed.Keywords: analytical, econometric models, simulation modeling, situational modeling, sea trade ports

Natural, Technical and Social Threats and Their Impact on the Safety of Polish Offshore Urban Agglomerations

The links between a port and its city, region and further economic hinterland mean that the socio-economic processes taking place in a seaport affect not only the economic and social phenomena occurring in the port itself, but also the development processes on a regional and national scale, which directly affect hundreds of thousands of people. The research problem is: How to eliminate port threats that translate directly into urban and community safety? The goal is to be able to recognise and minimise threats and implement solutions that ensure not only the safety of ports but also of neighbouring urban agglomerations. Seaport development plans must be correlated with the development of port security systems and measures. The transformation of ports into fourth-generation ports brings with it an increase in technical threats which obliges both the governmental maritime administration and port operators to pay special attention to security. The study used theoretical research methods, i.e. literature analysis, analysis of phenomena occurring in the economy and inference as a cognitive factor of the analysed subject. The results of the research indicate that ensuring security, i.e. minimising threats, before emergencies arise, in port cities and regions is a guarantee not only of smooth development and functioning of the economy but also of undisturbed international cooperation and exchange. The use of appropriate solutions to minimise the threats associated with the activities of seaports significantly affects not only their safety but also the safety of the port urban agglomerations and the maritime transport chain. As a result, it contributes to the urban and economic development of port cities and entire regions.

Основні шляхи та резерви потенціалу розвитку морських портів України

The article defines that the development potential of any enterprise depends on the reserves, resources available at the enterprise, as well as the possibilities of their effective use by the enterprise. The concepts of "enterprise potential", "production potential of the enterprise" are given and their main elements are defined. The formation of the potential of Ukrainian seaports is considered, the reserves of the potential of the seaport development are determined, their classification is given. The analysis of economic activity and capacity of Ukrainian seaports, the degree of diversification of their activities, as well as their own research and studies of domestic scientists allowed to formulate the main priority areas for developing the potential of seaports, including Odessa seaport as a leading transport system.

Drivers of Land Use Conflicts in Infrastructural Mega Projects in Coastal Areas: A Case Study of Patimban Seaport, Indonesia

Coastal areas are particularly sensitive because they are complex, and related land use conflicts are more intense than those in noncoastal areas. In addition to representing a unique encounter of natural and socioeconomic factors, coastal areas have become paradigms of progressive urbanisation and economic development. Our study of the infrastructural mega project of Patimban Seaport in Indonesia explores the factors driving land use changes and the subsequent land use conflicts emerging from large-scale land transformation in the course of seaport development and mega project governance. We utilised interviews and questionnaires to investigate institutional aspects and conflict drivers. Specifically, we retrace and investigate the mechanisms guiding how mega project governance, land use planning, and actual land use interact. Therefore, we observe and analyse where land use conflicts emerge and the roles that a lack of stakeholder interest involvement and tenure-responsive planning take in this process. Our findings reflect how mismanagement and inadequate planning processes lead to market failure, land abandonment and dereliction and how they overburden local communities with the costs of mega projects. Enforcing a stronger coherence between land use planning, participation and land tenure within the land governance process in coastal land use development at all levels and raising the capacity of stakeholders to interfere with governance and planning processes will reduce conflicts and lead to sustainable coastal development in Indonesia.

Malaysia Seaport Development towards Embracing Industrial Revolution 4.0: Enhancing the Quality and Competitiveness of Seaport Industry

Seaport industry is a dynamic industry which is experiencing a rapid growth. Industrial Revolution 4.0 merges the digital, physical and biological system to enhance the capabilities of the industry. It creates a platform which enables the seaport industry to build its effectiveness, reliability and governance towards improving the quality of seaport services. Accordingly, the evolution of seaport services entails the application of technologies so that the industry can fulfil its customer satisfaction goals. In line with this notion, the purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the quality of seaport services. This research employed the quantitative content analysis, covering seaport effectiveness, seaport reliability and seaport governance. The respondents of this research comprised expert individuals within the seaport industry cluster. The results revealed that there is a significant correlation between the adaption of IR 4.0 and seaport quality. This research offers a truly novel policy innovation towards achieving seaport competitiveness.

Macroeconomics and development of seaport. Case of Vietnam

Seaport industry plays an important role in local and national economic development. The development of the seaport industry creates a competitive advantage, promotes international trade and speeds up the integration process of nations, especially in developing countries. Many studies have noted the importance of seaports to economic development. Economic development is also one of the crucial factors in seaport development. Economic growth will promote domestic production and improve investment efficiency. The development of import and export activities directly affects the supply of goods and the scale of operations of seaports; the increasing in industrial-agricultural output will increase the volume of goods, thereby promoting the seaport industry. This research analyses the relationship between economic growth, export-import operations, industry & agriculture to cargo through ports based on statistical data for the period 2000–2019. This study selects the case of Vietnam, a developing economy with a long coastline along with the country, and its shipping capacity ranked 4th in the ASEAN region.

Seaport development management based on business process modeling

Increasing the production capacity of ports is seen as one of the most significant goals for the development of maritime transport infrastructure, which requires the use of adequate forecasting methods. The problem of choosing methods of management in transport in conditions of instability of cargo flows, non-stationary functioning, the need for digitalization and transformation of processes and technologies is of particular importance. Taking advantage of the process approach in the management of seaport development, such as flexibility and transparency, is becoming an effective way to increase the productivity and efficiency of maritime transport in general. The paper presents the author’s presentation of the peculiarities of the process management of the seaport development. The use of the concept of modularity in managing the development of a seaport through a system of business processes is proposed. A method for assessing the significance of the seaport business processes for achieving its goals from the standpoint of their further optimization is presented. The research results presented in the paper were obtained on the basis of the description and economic and mathematical modeling of the basic business processes that form the process outputs. Using the seaport of Baku as the example, predictive models of cargo flows are described.

Deep Sea Port and the National Development: Perspective of Bangladesh

The deep sea port development as an economic infrastructure influences positively on the growth of a country. The economic history of Britain, Netherlands, and Singapore, known as the maritime powers in the world, undoubtedly proves the important role of ports played in the development of their economies. Establishment of a deep-sea port has become strategically very critical for Bangladesh considering its potential impact on the development and economic growth of the country.Port economics and macroeconomics are closely related.So changes in port traffic or operation and port organization has a significant impact on national economy especially on the hinterland. This study, therefore, has focused on the importance of deep seaport in the national development of Bangladesh. Moreover, the paper gives an overview of a deep seaport and national development in respect of Bangladesh.The study also indicates the effect of a deep seaport on national development. At the end, this study states some recommendations for the establishment of the deep sea port.Those Includes-Studies on the selection of strategic location, details investigation of hinterland connectivity, the decision on investment and proper planning etc.

Deep Sea Port and the National Development: Perspective of Bangladesh

The deep sea port development as an economic infrastructure influences positively on the growth of a country. The economic history of Britain, Netherlands, and Singapore, known as the maritime powers in the world, undoubtedly proves the important role of ports played in the development of their economies. Establishment of a deep-sea port has become strategically very critical for Bangladesh considering its potential impact on the development and economic growth of the country.Port economics and macroeconomics are closely related.So changes in port traffic or operation and port organization has a significant impact on national economy especially on the hinterland. This study, therefore, has focused on the importance of deep seaport in the national development of Bangladesh. Moreover, the paper gives an overview of a deep seaport and national development in respect of Bangladesh.The study also indicates the effect of a deep seaport on national development. At the end, this study states some recommendations for the establishment of the deep sea port.Those Includes-Studies on the selection of strategic location, details investigation of hinterland connectivity, the decision on investment and proper planning etc.

Analysis of Port Community System Introduction in Croatian Seaports - Case Study Split

The introduction of a Port Community System (PCS) is identified as one of the key elements facilitating seaport development. In this paper, the analysis of seaport stakeholders and Maritime Single Window systems in Croatia is performed, including NSW (National Single Window), MNSW (Maritime National Single Window: CIMIS - Croatian Integrated Maritime Information System), their interaction and development of the national model for a PCS, ongoing in the form of a pilot project in the Port of Rijeka. This development is selected as a precedent for creation of the nation-wide PCS to be used also in other cargo ports of national interest, including Split. Further building on this newly gained knowledge and taking into consideration the development of the national PCS model, we explain the inherent characteristics of the Port of Split in terms of traffic evaluation in various port basins. We also provide a comprehensive set of operative guidelines for adjustment of the functional PCS module architecture to be deployed in the Port of Split and serving specific business needs of all identified port cluster’s stakeholders after the initial development in the Port of Rijeka is completed.

Extension of the seaport life cycle (SLC) by utilising existing inland capacity for current and future trade preparation

This paper explores the structure of the seaport life cycle (SLC) of Malaysian container seaports to restructure the seaport development plan. Quadratic regression analysis is proposed to stratify the life cycle stages of seaports through the quantification of throughput volume, and forecast future growth patterns of seaports. The findings show that Port Klang, Penang Port, PTP and Kuantan Port are experiencing the growth stage in their seaport life cycles, while Johor Port is standing at the decline stage of the seaport life cycle. Penang Port and Port Klang are expected to continue growing until 2050. Meanwhile, PTP, Johor Port and Kuantan Port have entered the maturity stage in 2018 and are expected to move into the declining stage by 2050. This paper provides significant evidence about the need to establish a link between seaports and dry ports, and develop a symbiotic strategy to prolong the life cycle of seaports. Academically, this paper provides significant literature on Malaysian seaport cycles, which may be utilised for seaport development plans to cater to the demands of the domestic and global market.