Seamless Connectivity Research Articles

Seamless Connectivity with Fuzzy-Based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for VANET in Congested Zone

Providing seamless connectivity during transit in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is the most promising and challenging task. In VANET, the vehicles are able to communicate with other vehicles and also with the infrastructure units such as road side unit (RSU). The coverage range of RSU is not sufficient to cover the whole road. The vehicle can drive to an area which is not covered by any of the RSUs, and it is termed as congested zone (CZ). This will extremely lead to traffic congestion and maximize blocking probability. In order to provide connectivity between the road segments and to avoid long delay in message transmission, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are placed in CZs, which act as relay nodes. To enhance the connectivity of the vehicles, a fuzzy-based UAV-assisted handoff scheme (F-UAV-HO) is proposed in this work. By adopting fuzzy, the unwanted participation of UAV is limited in non-congested traffic, thereby saving the battery resource. To validate the proposed work, the simulations are executed in Network Simulator 2.35. The proposed system outperforms other conventional UAV-assisted schemes in congested traffic in terms of average end-to-end delay, PDR and throughput.

Bluetooth Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) Technology: Principles, Integration, Applications, and Performance Evaluation

Thanks to the development of wireless audio transmission technology, Bluetooth technology made it possible to give users a seamless and convenient connection experience. However, in a noisy environment, preserving the audio quality is still difficult, which motivated people to explore the technology of Active Noise Cancellation (ANC). This paper aims to analyze integration of ANC technology and the potential of Bluetooth audio transmitting to improve the audio effect, especially in application scenarios where clear audio is required. At the beginning of this paper, how Bluetooth and ANC are evolved is reviewed for the preparatory works. Then, the technology mechanism of the ANC and the advantages in particular application scenarios such as Industrial automation and autonomous vehicles are described in detail. In addition, this paper give experimental data to illustrate that the ANC systems is effective in reducing ambient noise. The central technology of ANC system is using a microphone to detect environmental noise information and then creates a sound wave phase-inverted to the original noise to cancel. Furthermore, by connecting artificial intelligence technique, the ANC system dynamically fits from different acoustic environment to improve the audio quality. Finally, the experimental results that are quoted reveal that the advanced ANC system can reduce the noise level in a wide range of environments, cutting down the sound pressure level to 65 dB. It is clearly demonstrated that the ANC technology is widely applicable and effective to enhance the audio experience.

Assessing energy consumption in scalable semi-autonomous destination-based E-platoons: A multiplayer approach

Recent developments in connected and automated vehicle technologies have opened up new possibilities but also posed enduring challenges. One of the primary challenges is the efficient coordination of vehicles in urban environments, specifically through scalable and destination-based platooning. While considerable research has focused on platooning with a limited number of vehicles demonstrating seamless connectivity and coordination on highways, there remains a significant gap in understanding and implementing scalable platoons in more dynamic urban settings. This paper bridges these gaps by developing a novel extension to the 3DCoAutosim simulation platform. Our model introduces ’Scalable Semi-autonomous Destination-based Multiplayer E-Platoons’, accommodating different automation levels and simulation characteristics of vehicles in five distinct platoons. We employed seven electric vehicles to create these platoons, each consisting of an autonomous lead vehicle, followers that are either autonomous or semi-autonomous (accompanied by drivers), customised according to the specific requirements of each platoon. Utilising Time Series Analysis, Multiple Linear Regression and a comprehensive, comparative scenario-based analysis, we assessed and validated our developed model’s impact on battery energy consumption under varying road slopes and car-following models. Our assessment employs real-world trip data from Upper Austria, with results indicating a potential reduction in total battery energy consumption when operating in platoon mode.

Performance Evaluation of mmWave Communication for Real-Time UAV-Base Station Links

Introduction: In the context of modern communication networks, the increasing demand for high data rates, minimal latency, and improved reliability—especially in scenarios involving Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)—calls for innovative solutions. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication emerges as a fitting choice due to its capacity to offer ample bandwidth and high data rates. Methods: This research paper presents a comprehensive study that compares the performance of mmWave communication links across four different frequencies (6, 28, 60, and 120 GHz) for UAV-to-Base Station (BS) communication. The investigation, conducted through simulations, adheres to atmospheric conditions such as rain and fog, different environments (urban and rural) scenarios. It evaluates the suitability of mmWave frequencies using critical performance metrics: latency, received power, Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR). These metrics play a fundamental role in assessing communication link quality. Results: Our findings reveal that leveraging higher mmWave frequencies—specifically 60 and 120 GHz—significantly enhances UAV-to-BS communication performance. Compared to lower frequencies, these higher bands exhibit reduced latency, higher data rates, and improved throughput. Consequently, mmWave frequencies beyond 60 GHz prove well-suited for UAV communication, facilitating efficient data exchange with minimal delay. Conclusion: Furthermore, the potential for reduced interference and enhanced reliability at these elevated frequencies makes them particularly advantageous in applications requiring seamless connectivity. Examples include UAV-assisted emergency response, surveillance, and remote sensing. These insights hold substantial implications for the design and deployment of UAV communication systems, highlighting mmWave technology’s transformative potential in the emerging era of aerial communication.

SensorHUB – a Novel, Open-source Software Stack for Enhanced Accessibility and Secure Interoperability in IoT Project Management

Abstract. The Internet of Things (IoT) seeks to achieve seamless device connectivity and data sharing, thereby enhancing automation, efficiency, and insights in various fields of application. By delivering real-time data, IoT is essential for systems that aim to model and map the physical world to digital formats, such as digital twins or metaverses. In the recent years, there has been a surge in high-quality commercial IoT products available to various sectors. However, these solutions often come with high costs and proprietary interfaces, which hinder seamless interoperability. For users seeking cost-effective and flexible solutions, open-source software and international standards present viable alternatives. Nonetheless, despite technological progress, the adoption of open and standardized IoT software solutions is still predominantly seen among technology-affine groups or within research and development initiatives. We propose the sensorHUB, a novel IoT stack, which builds upon the Open Geospatial Consortium’s (OGC) data standard SensorThings API and enhances existing solutions towards more accessible, production-oriented solutions for diverse application domains and user groups. Key features include the provision of a new, state-of-the-art graphical user interface for managing data flows and the access to related software modules, and a secure and flexible user and access management.

Novel Approach for Seamless Connectivity in Next Generation Networking using Hybrid Combination of Cuckoo's Optimization and Hidden Markov Model

Novel Approach for Seamless Connectivity in Next Generation Networking using Hybrid Combination of Cuckoo's Optimization and Hidden Markov Model

Privacy-Preserving Handover Optimization Using Federated Learning and LSTM Networks.

The rapid evolution of wireless communication systems necessitates advanced handover mechanisms for seamless connectivity and optimal network performance. Traditional algorithms, like 3GPP Event A3, often struggle with fluctuating signal strengths and dynamic user mobility, leading to frequent handovers and suboptimal resource utilization. This study proposes a novel approach combining Federated Learning (FL) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to predict Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and the strongest nearby Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) signals. Our method leverages FL to ensure data privacy and LSTM to capture temporal dependencies in signal data, enhancing prediction accuracy. We develop a dynamic handover algorithm that adapts to real-time conditions, adjusting thresholds based on predicted signal strengths and historical performance. Extensive experiments with real-world data show our dynamic algorithm significantly outperforms the 3GPP Event A3 algorithm, achieving higher prediction accuracy, reducing unnecessary handovers, and improving overall network performance. In conclusion, this study introduces a data-driven, privacy-preserving approach that leverages advanced machine learning techniques, providing a more efficient and reliable handover mechanism for future wireless networks.

A Beam Hopping Scheme Based on Adaptive Beam Radius for LEO Satellites.

Toward the vision of seamless global connectivity in the 6G era, the non-terrestrial network (NTN) in space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs) network architecture is one of the highly promising solutions. From the perspective of relay nodes, NTN includes satellite nodes and space-based platform nodes. As a resource management technology in satellite communication, beam-hopping has garnered significant attention from researchers due to its effectiveness in ad-dressing the disparity between offered capacities and uneven terrestrial traffic demands. Recognizing that the larger beams offer broader coverage but the smaller ones provide better an-ti-interference capabilities and higher throughput, this paper introduces an adaptive cluster-ing-based approach. It provides large, medium, and small user beams to target ground users. The proposed algorithm aims to minimize total system latency and enhance system throughput. Sim-ulation results show that employing the proposed algorithm in the baseline model results in a 3.44% increase in system throughput and a 35.5% reduction in system latency. Furthermore, simulation results based on alternative models indicate that while the proposed algorithm may lead to a slight decrease in system throughput, it brings significant improvements in system latency.

Discussion on the Comprehensive Influence of E-commerce on Business Administration

E-commerce is profoundly changing the traditional business model. Through the seamless connection between online and offline, it has greatly promoted the connectivity of the global sales market, so that enterprises can cross the regional boundaries to achieve more convenient and efficient global operation. At the same time, the multi-channel sales strategy provided by e-commerce not only enriches the choices of consumers, but also helps enterprises to reduce their operating costs and break the geographical restrictions. This paper aims to deeply analyze the impact of e-commerce on the field of business administration, and explore innovative strategies to help enterprises to achieve efficient and flexible development in the complex and changeable market environment.

DRL-assisted task offloading in enhanced time-expanded graph (eTEG)-modeled aerial computing

Space–air–ground integrated networks (SAGINs), categorized under aerial computing (AC), are emerging as a promising hierarchical platform designed to meet the seamless connectivity demands of the forthcoming 6G era. However, efficiently offloading ground tasks to space entities via SAGINs presents unprecedented challenges, primarily due to the mobility of these networks. In response, an enhanced time-expanded graph (eTEG) is proposed to model the dynamic distribution of heterogeneous SAGIN resources, including transmission bandwidth, computation, and storage, thereby optimizing task offloading and resource allocation by employing eTEG. Specifically, this optimization challenge is addressed using a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach, aimed at streamlining decision-making for task offloading and resource management to significantly reduce end-to-end delay and enhance network performance. Simulation experiments conducted to evaluate the proposed DRL-based method demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing energy consumption and improving stability, thereby outperforming other methods by achieving reduced delays and satisfying user requirements.

A novel method for reducing the effect of doppler frequency shift in high-speed railway mobile communication using machine learning

Currently, high-speed railway systems are rapidly expanding worldwide, necessitating reliable and efficient mobile communication solutions. However, the Doppler frequency shift caused by the high speeds of trains presents significant challenges to communication systems, particularly those using OFDM in LTE. This paper presents a novel for Doppler frequency compensation in high-speed railway communication based on the results of estimating the train's velocity using machine learning algorithms. By leveraging advanced algorithm such as neural networks, our method dynamically predicts and compensates for Doppler shifts in real-time. In this proposed novel, the Doppler frequency value is calculated based on the actual train’s velocity and the scenario of a high-speed railway, then the Doppler frequency is used to compensate the carrier frequency offset (CFO) directly at the Access Point (AP) device on the train. We conduct simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed solution in a high-speed railway scenario. The results demonstrate a marked improvement in communication reliability and data integrity, highlighting the potential of machine learning to enhance the performance of mobile communication systems in high-speed railways. The results of the proposed model are evaluated based on the system’s bit error rate BER after the CFO compensation decreases and the ratio of average energy per bit (Eb) to noise power density (N0) (Eb/N0) increases. This shows that the proposed solution works effectively and reduces the system’s bit errors while improving the communication performance. This study opens new avenues for integrating intelligent systems in transportation networks, ensuring seamless connectivity, and improving passenger experience

A Review on Millimeter-Wave Hybrid Beamforming for Wireless Intelligent Transport Systems

As the world braces for an era of ubiquitous and seamless connectivity, hybrid beamforming stands out as a beacon guiding the evolutionary path of wireless communication technologies. Several hybrid beamforming technologies are explored for millimeter-wave multiple-input multi-output (MIMO) communication. The aim is to provide a roadmap for hybrid beamforming that enhances wireless fidelity. In this systematic review, a detailed literature review of algorithms/techniques used in hybrid beamforming along with performance metrics, characteristics, limitations, as well as performance evaluations are provided to enable communication compatible with modern Wireless Intelligent Transport Systems (WITSs). Further, an in-depth analysis of the mmWave hybrid beamforming landscape is provided based on user, link, band, scattering, structure, duplex, carrier, network, applications, codebook, and reflecting intelligent surfaces to optimize system design and performance across diversified user scenarios. Furthermore, the current research trends for hybrid beamforming are provided to enable the development of advanced wireless communication systems with optimized performance and efficiency. Finally, challenges, solutions, and future research directions are provided so that this systematic review can serve as a touchstone for academics and industry professionals alike. The systematic review aims to equip researchers with a deep understanding of the current state of the art and thereby enable the development of next-generation communication in WITSs that are not only adept at coping with contemporary demands but are also future-proofed to assimilate upcoming trends and innovations.

Dynamic resource allocation for low earth orbit satellite networks

Low earth orbit satellite networks (LSN) have been widely recognized as a key element in the development of next-generation wireless communication networks, offering extensive coverage and seamless connectivity across multiple domains. To achieve the minimum transmission latency for highly-dynamic LSN, this paper first establishes a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite downlink communication model while considering outdated channel state information and high mobility. Then, through the design of user association and satellite power allocation strategies, a dynamic problem of minimizing transmission latency is formulated and solved using successive convex approximation and alternating optimization methods. Simulation results clearly illustrate the substantial reduction in transmission latency achieved by the proposed algorithm, successfully meeting the quality of service demands in dynamic environments during the entire mobility cycle of the LEO satellite.

Energy-Efficient Handover Algorithm for Sustainable Mobile Networks: Balancing Connectivity and Power Consumption

In the era of pervasive mobile and heterogeneous networks, maintaining seamless connectivity during handover events while minimizing energy consumption is paramount. Traditional handover mechanisms prioritize metrics such as signal strength, user mobility, and network load, often neglecting the critical aspect of energy consumption. This study presents a novel approach to handover decision-making in mobile networks by incorporating energy-related metrics, such as battery level, energy consumption rate, and environmental context, to make informed handover decisions that balance connectivity quality and energy efficiency. Unlike traditional methods that primarily focus on signal strength and network load, our approach addresses the critical need for energy efficiency, particularly in high-mobility scenarios. This innovative framework not only enhances connectivity but also significantly improves power consumption management, offering a more sustainable solution for modern mobile networks. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed solution in reducing energy usage without compromising network performance. The results reveal significant improvements in energy savings for mobile devices, especially under high-mobility scenarios and varying network conditions. By prioritizing energy-efficient handovers, our approach not only extends the battery life of mobile devices but also contributes to the overall sustainability of mobile networks. This paper underscores the importance of incorporating energy metrics into handover decisions and sets the stage for future research in energy-aware network management.

A Simulation Model for Container Ships Scheduling in Qinzhou Port under Seamless Connection Mode

A Simulation Model for Container Ships Scheduling in Qinzhou Port under Seamless Connection Mode

Using blockchain technology to achieve sustainability in the hospitality industry by reducing food waste

The hospitality industry generates significant food waste, leading to adverse environmental and economic impacts, social and ethical concerns, legal and regulatory issues, and operational challenges. The lack of traceability and trust among stakeholders in the hospitality industry exacerbates the expensive and difficult nature of food waste management. This work proposes a blockchain-based solution that aims to minimize food waste generated in hospitality outlets, thereby fostering a sustainable food ecosystem. Within this context, the term’sustainable food ecosystem’ refers to the interconnected network of stakeholders involved in the responsible management of food resources within the hospitality industry. In this context, we categorize these stakeholders under the umbrella of’food resource management entities,’ encompassing both food donation organizations and recycling companies, recognizing their distinct roles in the effective management of surplus food resources. With our proposed solution, businesses can track and verify the origin, movement, and disposal of food items in real-time, facilitating streamlined inventory planning, waste reduction, and heightened operational efficiency. Additionally, the proposed system ensures transparency and accountability, guaranteeing the proper and efficient disposal of food waste. Using a permissioned Ethereum network, our solution establishes seamless connectivity between food and beverage outlets and various food resource management entities. We present a generalized system for secure information sharing, integrating advanced algorithms tailored to capture and enhance trust among participating stakeholders. Furthermore, our thorough security analysis underscores the robustness of our proposed solution, effectively addressing various security vulnerabilities. Lastly, the proposed blockchain-based solution is commercially viable, enabling the hospitality industry to operate with enhanced efficiency while providing improved information connectivity for various stakeholders in the food supply chain.

API integration in FinTech: Challenges and best practices

API integration is a cornerstone of innovation in the FinTech sector, enabling seamless connectivity between disparate financial systems, enhancing service delivery, and fostering the development of new financial products. This review explores the challenges and best practices associated with API integration in FinTech, emphasizing the importance of effective strategies for overcoming integration obstacles and achieving successful outcomes. APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) facilitate the exchange of data and functionality between financial applications, such as payment systems, banking platforms, and financial data aggregators. However, integrating these APIs presents several challenges, including compatibility issues, security concerns, and regulatory compliance. Ensuring that APIs are compatible with various systems and standards is essential for smooth integration. Security is another critical concern, as financial data is highly sensitive and requires robust protection against breaches and unauthorized access. Compliance with financial regulations, such as GDPR and PSD2, adds an additional layer of complexity to API integration. To address these challenges, best practices in API integration include adopting standardized protocols and frameworks to enhance compatibility and interoperability. Implementing comprehensive security measures, such as encryption, authentication, and authorization, is crucial to safeguarding data and maintaining trust. Additionally, establishing clear documentation and version control practices helps ensure that APIs are easy to use and integrate while accommodating future updates and changes. Effective API management also involves continuous monitoring and testing to identify and resolve issues promptly. Leveraging API management platforms can streamline the integration process by providing tools for monitoring performance, managing security, and facilitating communication between systems. Collaboration between development teams, IT departments, and business stakeholders is essential for aligning technical and business requirements and ensuring that integration goals are met. In conclusion, while API integration in FinTech presents various challenges, adhering to best practices and leveraging appropriate tools can facilitate successful integration. By addressing compatibility, security, and compliance issues, FinTech organizations can enhance their service offerings, drive innovation, and improve operational efficiency. Keywords: API Integration, Fintech, Compatibility, Security, Regulatory Compliance, Standardized Protocols, Encryption, Authentication, API Management, Performance Monitoring.

Security, privacy and performance concerns in ultra dense networks

Ultra Dense Networks (UDNs) have emerged as a pivotal technology in meeting the exponential growth in data demand and providing seamless connectivity in 5G and beyond networks. However, the high density of small cells in UDNs introduces significant challenges related to security, privacy, and performance. This survey paper presents a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art in addressing these concerns. It begins by exploring the unique security vulnerabilities inherent to UDNs, including the increased risk of eavesdropping, denial of service attacks, and unauthorized access due to the close proximity of small cells. The paper then discusses privacy issues, particularly the risks of location tracking and user data exposure, exacerbated by the dense deployment of base stations. In terms of performance, the paper evaluates the impact of interference, handover management, and resource allocation on network efficiency. Various proposed solutions, such as advanced encryption techniques, privacy-preserving algorithms, and interference mitigation strategies, are analyzed and compared. The survey concludes by identifying open research challenges and future directions, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches that simultaneously address security, privacy, and performance to ensure the robust operation of UDNs in next-generation wireless networks.

Performance Analysis of an OpenFlow-Enabled Network with POX, Ryu, and ODL Controllers

With the ongoing digital transformation, the requirement for seamless & agile network connectivity has increased. This has necessitated the transformation from traditional networking to Software-Defined Network. With SDN, the network resources/infrastructure can be made more robust and programmable to accommodate the varying demand. Software-Defined Network (SDN) is now being used by data centers, cloud computing environments, and service providers for efficient handling of network requests. The objective of SDN can be achieved through the performance of the controllers. We have considered POX, Ryu, and ODL controllers to evaluate the performance using the Mininet tool and D-ITG (Distributed Internet Traffic Generator) script. Performance is evaluated using custom topology i.e. Fat tree topology. Several performance metrics (such as Delay, Jitter, Bitrate, Packet rate, Loss-burst size, and Percentage of Packets dropped) are considered and the behaviors of the controllers are monitored during experimentation by flooding the switches with several data packets. It has been observed that the POX controller performs better compared to Ryu and ODL for the Fat tree topology. From the experimental results, it is observed that the average delay of ODL is approximately 50% more than the POX controller and approximately 80% more delay occurred in the Ryu controller in comparison to the POX controller. Similarly average packet dropped percentage of POX is 20% less than Ryu and ODL controllers. Also, it has been observed that the average jitter in POX is almost 50% less in comparison to ODL and 90% less in comparison to the Ryu controller.

Towards Sustainable Energy Generation: Analyzing Wind Power Potential, Financial Viability, and Environmental Friendliness at Nok Kundi, Baluchistan

Pakistan is blessed with versatile renewable energy resources, solar and wind energies. Coastal areas of Sindh and Balochistan are the richest sources of wind energy, where adequate wind speeds are available for electricity generation. The Nok Kundi region of Balochistan has outstanding year-round wind speeds and tremendous potential for wind power generation. This study explores wind power potential, financial viability, and mitigation of carbon footprints. In this regard, simulations on the analysis of wind power potential, and financial viability are conducted in the ETAP and HOMMER software respectively. The data regarding the energy demand of Nok Kundi is obtained from Quetta Electric Supply Company (QESCO) Quetta and the data on wind speeds is obtained from the World Weather Online platform. The ETAP software is used to conduct the load flow analysis of a grid-connected system. The full financial analysis considered the state-of-the-art wind power installation site of 40 megawatts capacity to meet Nok Kundi's energy demand. Furthermore, the simulations are conducted in two scenarios i.e. isolated and grid-connected systems. Financial assessments (including the calculation of required capital and operating expenses) are conducted for both isolated and grid-connected systems by using HOMER software. According to the findings of the research, the grid-connected system provided significant benefits in terms of revenues and seamless grid connections. The proposed wind power plant can potentially help reduce the carbon footprints. The present research concluded that the proposed wind power plant can produce 47,581,913 kWh/year and at the same time can mitigate the generation of 47.20 million Kg of carbon/year and an average of 3.93 million Kg/month. This research contributes to providing a detailed feasibility of wind power plants from financial and environmental perspectives. This study addresses Sustainable Development Goal# 13 (SDG 13: Climate Action).