Sealed Heating Research Articles

A dual-layer solid electrolyte interphase enhances interfacial chemistry stability in aqueous aluminium metal batteries

Aqueous aluminum metal batteries (AAMBs) have garnered significant attention owing to the abundance of aluminum, high volumetric energy density (8040 mAh cm−3, approximately four times that of lithium metal anodes), and chemical inertness. However, profound issues such as surface corrosion and the side reaction of hydrogen evolution severely impede the advancement of AAMBs. Here, we report the in-situ formation of a dense inorganic AlF3 + Al/Zn-CO3 + flexible carbon shell solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surface of an Al electrode through hydrothermal and electrochemical activation in a dilute aqueous solution of Al(OTf)3-Zn(NO3)2. Experimental evidence demonstrates that the electrically insulating Al/Zn-NO3 layer initially forms on the Al negative electrode surface through self-polymerization reactions of Al with Zn2+ and NO3– under sealed heating conditions. Subsequent electrochemical activation leads to the decomposition of CF3SO3- to form conductive AlF3 + Al/Zn-CO3, while in situ generation of a flexible carbon layer occurs internally on the surface. The inorganic inner layer facilitates the diffusion of Al ions, while the organic carbon shell suppresses water permeation and maintains the stability of the SEI structure. The in-situ formed SEI enables the Al//Ti battery to achieve a high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.9 % over 100 cycles. Constructing the Al//β-MnO2 battery yields a high energy density of 216 Wh kg−1, with the capacity retention remaining stable at 83.6 % after 700 cycles.

Solid-State Preparation and Characterization of 2-Hydroxypropylcyclodextrins-Iodine Complexes as Stable Iodophors

The use of iodine as antiseptic poses some issues related to its low water solubility and high volatility. Stable solid iodine-containing formulations are highly advisable and currently limited to the povidone-iodine complex. In this study, complexes of molecular iodine with 2-hydroxypropyl α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins were considered water-soluble iodophors and prepared in a solid state by using three different methods (liquid-assisted grinding, co-evaporation and sealed heating). The obtained solids were evaluated for their iodine content and stability over time in different conditions using a fully validated UV method. The assessment of the actual formation of an inclusion complex in a solid state was carried out by thermal analysis, and the presence of iodine was further confirmed by SEM/EDX and XPS analyses. High levels of iodine content (8.3-10.8%) were obtained with all the tested cyclodextrins, and some influence was exerted by the employed preparation method. Potential use as solid iodophors can be envisaged for these iodine complexes, among which those with 2-hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin were found the most stable, regardless of the preparation technique. The three prepared cyclodextrin-iodine complexes proved effective as bactericides against S. epidermidis.

Study on the aroma formation of baked sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) via solvent-assisted flavor evaporation coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SAFE-GC-MS) analysis

The study aims to reveal the formation pathways of main aroma volatile compounds of sea bass during baking processing. Total of 3 heat treatments were used in this study to explore the effects of different conditions on flavor performance. The difference between 3 treatments depended on oxygen engagement and sealed/unsealed environments. The results showed that all the heating treatments promoted the scores of roasted meaty, fatty, and sweet notes in sea bass samples. Those 3 aroma profiles contributed to the increase acceptability. On the contrary, the fishy and grassy notes leaded the decrease scores of acceptability. The correlation was mainly due to changes in concentration of key aroma compounds. Among the treatments, anaerobic sealed heating treatment promoted the isomerization of the olefins; reduction of aldehydes; and electrocyclic reaction. Aerobic sealed heating treatment responded for the oxidation of the aldehydes, and deformation-oxygenation reactions. Aerobic unsealed heating treatment promoted the reaction of degradation of fatty acids and conversion of the unsaturated aldehydes. Then, unsealed environment leaded to the loss of large amounts of aroma compounds. Our findings will provide scientific information on regulating flavor formation of sea bass during baking through controlling processing conditions.

Multicomponent Synthesis of Fluorescent Thiazole-Indole Hybrids and Thiazole-Based Novel Polymers.

Herein, we report an efficient multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of trisubstituted thiazoles involving a one-pot C-C, C-N, and C-S bond-forming process from the readily available starting materials. The reaction of arylglyoxal, indole, and aryl thioamides in the acetic acid medium under sealed heating conditions provided 3-(2,4-diarylthiazol-5-yl)-1H-indoles (4) in good to excellent yields. Using a similar reaction strategy, the reaction of arylglyoxal, aryl thioamide, and 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone provided structurally interesting bis-thiazoles having dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone linker (9). All of the products were fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques. We also recorded single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) of compounds 4b and 9a for unambiguous structure determination. Indole-linked trisubstituted thiazoles (4) exhibit prominent fluorescence properties. The relative fluorescence quantum yields of all of the thiazole-linked indoles were measured in the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) medium with respect to quinine sulfate in 0.1 M H2SO4 as reference. The scope of this reaction was further explored by preparing novel polymers 11a and 11b using naphthalene/benzene-1,4-bis(carbothioamide) in multicomponent polymerization.

A Convenient, Rapid, Conventional Heating Route to MIDA Boronates.

A cheap, conventional, sealed heating reactor proved to be a useful alternative to a microwave reactor in the synthesis of a >20-member MIDA boronate library (MIDA = N-methyliminodiacetic acid). Reaction times were 10 min and work-ups were minimal, saving on energy and solvent usage.

Solar chimney performance in buildings under three heating modes: An empirical analysis

Solar chimney under heating modes is much more complicated than those under cooling mode as its performance should consider both airflow rate and temperature rise. Its heating performance and optimization designs are still unclear under various heating modes. This study then addressed the impacts of typical design factors on its heating performance numerically and empirically under three heating modes, including two fresh-air heating modes (i.e., through inlet and window) and a sealed heating mode. Similar to the cooling mode, the impacts of the analyzed design factors on the temperature rise and airflow rate can be expressed by the exponential function. Differently, the cavity gap under the three heating modes shows negative exponentials (-0.18 ∼ -0.088), while the cooling model is between 0.652 ∼ 0.756. Solar radiation shows positive exponential under both heating and cooling modes, and its impacts on airflow rate are relatively higher under cooling mode. Also, the temperature rises inside both the chimney cavity and the attached room along the height show natural exponential functions. A lower window (or even closing it and replacing it with a bottom vent near the floor for fresh air supply) is suggested for the two heating modes with fresh air supply to avoid vertical temperature differences inside the room. Compared to the fresh-air through inlet, sealed heating offers a 292.8% higher air temperature rise and 3.9% lower airflow rate; and fresh-air through window offers a 19.3% higher airflow rate and 44.5% higher air temperature rise. Therefore, the modes of fresh-air through inlet and window can be applied to those locations under cool and cold climates, respectively; and sealed heating is only applicable to those scenarios without or with limited occupants (i.e., storage) as no fresh air is supplied.

Boosting the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets by tailoring the cyano groups

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising visible light responsive photocatalyst for solar hydrogen production. However, pristine g-C3N4 suffers from severe charge recombination, resulting in a poor photocatalytic activity. Herein, a facile KOH-assisted sealed heating process is designed to tailor the electronic structure of g-C3N4, leading to a significantly enhanced and stable photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 225.1 µmol h−1 using only 50 mg of the photocatalyst. An excellent apparent quantum efficiency of 16.82% is achieved at 420 nm. Systematic studies reveal that KOH-assisted sealed heating can generate more cyano groups onto the framework of g-C3N4, which can increase the charge carrier density and reduce the surface charge transfer resistance, promoting charge separation and transfer. The new findings demonstrated in this work provide a facile strategy for the design of low-cost and efficient photocatalyst for solar fuel production.

Increasing the energy absorption of monolithic manganese boron steels in oxygen-free environment

The heat-treatable steel 22MnB5 is used in hot stamping processes to produce high-strength body-in-white components. In this process, sheet blanks are conventionally heated in roller hearth furnaces and then hot-stamped, whereby strengths of 1,500 MPa can be achieved. Disadvantages of this process are the low plastic deformation of the material in hardened state and the poor energy efficiency of roller hearth furnaces. In a new approach, these disadvantages are eliminated by combining edge decarburisation with resistance heating. Due to a diffusion-controlled removal of the carbon in the edge layer of the blanks heated in an oxygen-free atmosphere, the energy absorption in bending tests was improved by 61 % compared to customary hot-stamped 22MnB5. Furthermore, with a subsequent resistance heating in an oxygen-free silane atmosphere, the sheet can be heated and coated. A hermetically sealed heating chamber was developed which allows to heat the blanks up to 950 °C without scale formation. The coating during heating further improves the corrosion properties of the component. With this approach, hot-stamped components with improved properties and coated in an energy-efficient resistance-heated process can be manufactured.

Solubility Enhancement of Ibuprofen by Adsorption onto Spherical Porous Calcium Silicate.

The solubility of a drug is higher when it is in an amorphous form than when it is in a crystalline form. To enhance the solubility of ibuprofen (IBU), a poorly water-soluble drug, we attempted to adsorb IBU onto spherical porous calcium silicate (Florite® PS300, PS300) in two ways: the evaporation (EV) and sealed heating (SH) methods. The crystallinity of the samples was evaluated using powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The molecular interaction between IBU and PS300 was evaluated with FTIR. In addition, the dissolution behavior of IBU in the samples was assessed by the dissolution test. Based on the results of the PXRD and DSC measurements, both methods allowed adsorption of IBU onto PS300, and IBU was amorphized. Based on the FTIR observations, in the SH or EV mixtures containing 10% and 30% IBU, respectively, it seemed that the IBU molecules intermolecularly interacted with calcium molecules as the main component of PS300. Improvement in the solubility of IBU was observed with both methods; however, the dissolution rate of IBU from samples prepared via SH was higher than that from EV, or of IBU crystals. Collectively, our findings indicate that the petal-like structure of PS300, which has a spherical shape and good flowability, is an effective tool for adsorbing IBU onto PS300 via SH.

Adsorption of a poorly water-soluble drug onto porous calcium silicate by the sealed heating method

To improve the bioavailability of orally-administered drug, solubilization of poorly water-soluble drug is important. The solubility of a drug in its amorphous form is known to be higher than in its crystalline form. In this study, we attempted to adsorb a sublimable drug onto porous calcium silicate (Florite®, FLR) or non-porous calcium silicate (NPCS) by the sealed heating (SH) method and evaporated (EV) method. Ibuprofen (IBU) was used as the poorly water-soluble, sublimable drug. The physicochemical properties of samples were investigated using powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dissolution test. From the PXRD and DSC results, IBU crystals were adsorbed and amorphized by the SH and EV methods with FLR. From the results of FTIR, the shift to a higher frequency by the carbonyl stretching vibration band of IBU suggests an intermolecular interaction between IBU and FLR. In SH with FLR, improved solubilization was observed. IBU adsorbed onto FLR showed a greater dissolution rate than the IBU crystals or NPCS. Thus, the petal-like structure of FLR may be an effective method to adsorb IBU onto FLR using the SH method.

Theoretical models for wall solar chimney under cooling and heating modes considering room configuration

Under the fact that previous studies have usually ignored the influences of room configuration, wall solar chimney under both cooling and heating modes were analysed theoretically to fill the research gap. Solar chimney performance is dependent on the airflow rate and its temperature, where theoretical models were developed in this study to predict the performance of four typical types, including fresh-air cooling, fresh-air heating through chimney cavity and room, and sealed heating (without any fresh-air supply). It is known that the room configuration shows considerable influences on solar chimney performance, where a coefficient is proposed to address this. Different from the cooling mode, airflow rate under heating mode was found not only dependent on cavity height, but also the opening height of the room. To heat a typical room, fresh-air heating through the cavity shows the highest airflow rate but with the lowest temperature, which can be applied to regularly occupied building under cool weather conditions. Fresh-air heating through the room shows an opposite way, which is suitable for regularly occupied buildings under cold weather conditions. The performance of sealed heating is between these two, which can be used for non-regularly occupied buildings as there is no fresh air supply.

Preparation and structural characterization of different amylose–flavor molecular inclusion complexes

Flavor microencapsulation has been widely used in foods, medicines, cosmetics, and other fields. The use of amylose‐based complexes is receiving increasing attention because they are biodegradable, non‐toxic, and biocompatible, and these complexes provide a new way to develop and impart flavors. In this study, with the aim of investigating the properties of amylose–flavor complexes, linear aliphatic alcohols (C6–C9) and the aromatic alcohol naphthol were used to prepare inclusion complexes by the sealed heating method in yields ranging from 45 to 50%. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were utilized to investigate the structural characteristics of these inclusion complexes, and it was found that the amylose‐n‐heptanol inclusion complex was most stable. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that V‐type crystals existed in the amylose–flavor complexes. Moreover, TGA showed that all amylose–flavor inclusion complexes have excellent thermal stability. The encapsulation efficiency of the complexes increased with decreasing chain length, but the encapsulation efficiency of the complexes with the aromatic alcohol naphthol was lower than that of the complexes with some linear alcohols. This indicated that the stereoscopic confirmation of α‐naphthol may influence the complexes being formed.

Study of coal oxidation behaviour in re-opened sealed heating

Possible changes in the oxidation behaviour of coal in the spontaneous combustion site of re-opened sealed heating were studied. Two samples of bituminous coal and three types of coal pre-treatment procedures were applied to simulate in situ conditions at the “spon-com” site: i) pre-oxidation of coal, ii) pre-heating of coal under inert gas, and iii) immersion of pre-heated coal in liquid water. Pre-treated samples were then examined for the production rate of the indication gases evolved during oxidation and for oxidation heat effects. Two main conclusions were drawn with respect to oxidation of the coal in re-opened sealed heating: i) carbon monoxide and unsaturated hydrocarbons maintain their relevance as spontaneous combustion indication gases, however, increased production of both carbon oxides can be expected; ii) coal in the extinguished spontaneous combustion site gains increased susceptibility to the self-heating process.

Physicochemical characterizations of safranal-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide and conventional methods

In this work, inclusion complexes of safranal with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as well as kneading (KN), co-evaporation, and sealed heating conventional methods. Prepared complexes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Effect of preparation method on the yield of inclusion complexes was also investigated. The SC-CO2 method was found to be the most effective preparation technique with the advantage of not using organic solvents. Effects of temperature and pressure on the properties of complexes prepared by SC-CO2 were also investigated. FT-IR and 1H-NMR results confirmed the formation of safranal-β-CD inclusion complexes prepared using all the above mentioned preparation techniques. Phase solubility and dissolution measurements revealed a ‘‘Bs’’ type solubility with an apparent stability constant (Ks) of 39.69 M−1. Initial aqueous solubility of safranal was enhanced by about 35 % upon complex formation with β-CD. Studies on dissolution rate showed a faster dissolution rate of inclusion complexes compared to pure safranal.

Determination of Zirconium, Niobium, Vanadium and Chromium in the Titanium Ore by Microwave Digestion – ICP-OES

Abstract: Appropriate ratio of mixing digestion solvent which consist of HF and HNO3 have been tested firstly and combine with the high-pressure sealed microwave heating method, the titanium ore samples can be quickly and completely digested into solution. Then the elements content of zirconium, niobium, vanadium, chromium can be determined at the same time by applying the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method under hydrofluoric acid media condition.This method has solved the problem that the titanium ore matrix and impurities of zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, chromium oxide and other insoluble oxides are all difficult to digeste under normal conditions by the acid. Through fluoride ion complex reaction, make sure the easy hydrolysis of titanium ore matrix and niobium, zirconium and other elements to form the shape of the complex ion, even in the low acidity of the solution does not produce the hydrolysis reaction, so that it can greatly reduce the detection solution acidity to eliminate the blank background and acidity effects. The experiments investigated the impacts between the sample digestion conditions such as microwave heating procedures, reagents ratio, amount, and the titanium matrix as well as coexistent elements. Besides, it optimized the detection parameters of the ICP spectrometer under the conditions of using unconventional resistance to hydrofluoric acid PTFE nebulizer. Spectral interferences and matrix effects have been eliminated by selecting the appropriate analyte spectral lines as well as the integrated use of matrix matching and synchronization of the background correction method. The results show that the background equivalent concentration is 0.0002% ～ 0.0008%, and the detection limit is 0.0029 ～ 0.0018%, trace element recovery rate is 91.0% and ～108.0%, RSD is ≤ 4.71%.

Determination of Alloy and Impurity Elements in the WC-Co Based Cemented Carbide by Microwave Digestion - Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Using high-pressure sealed microwave heating method, the WC-Co based cemented carbide samples were digested completely by nitric acid and phosphoric acid (VHNO3: VH3PO4 = 5:1). Then the digestion solution was diluted with water to a constant volume, and directly using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) determination of the content of 0.005 to 10% Co and 0.005 ~ 1% of Fe, Nb, Ta, V, Cr, Mo and Ni. This paper examine the best digestion conditions, including reagent composition, ratio, and microwave control parameters, etc., then establish a set of microwave digestion and by complex reactions with inorganic reagents to stabilize the high tungsten matrix digestion method, in order to quickly and completely digest the tungsten-cobalt-based samples and avoid the generation of tungsten acid precipitation resulting in the loss of some of the analyte and impact of organic complex agents on the spectral determination. The results showed that: the control parameters of using 5 min to heat the sample to 130 °C and keep for 5 min, then heated to 190 °C in 5 min and keep for 15 min is better to maintain the digestion. By optimizing elemental analysis line, ICP measurement parameters and matrix matching and synchronization of background correction method, the high tungsten matrix effects and spectral interference are eliminated; ensure the detection performance of the method. Background equivalent concentration of 5μg/L (Nb) ~ 18μg/L (Fe), elements of the detection limit of 4μg/L (Nb) ~ 13μg/L (Fe), which used for the determination of impurities in the alloy or elements with the results is RSD <3%, recovery 97.0% ~ 103.5% corresponding with the national standard examination method.

The Preparation of Silver Nanowires and the Study of SERS Activity of Single Nanowire

In this report, the polyol process was used for preparing silver nanowires. In this improved method, the silver nanowires with high purity, high yield and high sensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity were synthesized mainly by sealed heating. Then the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its optical absorption properties were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer; furthermore, SERS spectra of R6G molecule on the single nanowire was obtained and systematically studied by excitation wavelength 532nm. Our experimental results showed that the length of nanowires by our improved method is uniform and has high yield, high purity and higher SERS enhancement effect. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the samples displayed the transverse and longitudinal plasma resonance (SPR) absorption bands of silver nanowires which are located at 358nm and 416nm, respectively. Also single nanowire SERS activities which are dependent on the different substrates were researched.

Comfort standards and variations in exceedance for mixed-mode buildings

Mixed-mode buildings operate along a spectrum from sealed heating, ventilation and air-conditioning to 100% naturally ventilated, but little is known about their occupants' comfort expectations and experiences. Exceedance metrics, which quantify the percentage of time that a building's environment falls outside an expected thermal comfort zone, can help address the comfort trade-offs in building design and operation. Practitioners were polled on exceedance use in practice and comfort models and exceedance metrics were analysed: several comfort standards using EnergyPlus simulations of a mixed-mode building with radiant cooling in California's 16 climate zones. Results indicate that comfort model choice significantly influences predicted exceedance. Exceedance using PMV-PPD and the adaptive comfort models from ASHRAE Standard 55, EN 15251, and the Dutch NPR-CR 1752 frequently differed by 10 percentage points, often with 2–4 percentage points across the adaptive models. Yet, recommended exceedance limits often fall between 3% and 5% total. Exceedance predictions are also sensitive to uncertainties in predicted neutral comfort temperatures and variations in building envelope performance, solar heat gain, thermal mass, and control precision. Future work is needed to characterize comfort better in support of improved comfort modelling, exceedance targets, building design and building operation, and the development of related codes and standards. Les immeubles en mode mixte font intervenir un éventail de systèmes allant d'un chauffage, d'une ventilation et d'une climatisation étanches à une ventilation 100 % naturelle, mais l'on sait peu de choses sur ce qu'attendent et ressentent leurs occupants en matière de confort. La métrologie relative aux dépassements de seuils, qui quantifie le pourcentage de temps pendant lequel l'environnement d'un immeuble se situe hors d'une zone de confort thermique attendue, peut aider à traiter les compromis en matière de confort dans la conception et l'exploitation des immeubles. Des professionnels ont été interrogés par sondage sur l'utilisation des dépassements de seuils dans la pratique, et les modèles de confort comme la métrologie relative aux dépassements de seuils ont été analysés pour plusieurs normes de confort en utilisant les simulations EnergyPlus d'un immeuble en mode mixte équipé d'un système de refroidissement par panneaux dans les 16 zones climatiques de la Californie. Les résultats indiquent que le choix du modèle de confort influe considérablement sur les dépassements de seuils prévus. Les dépassements de seuils utilisant les indices PMV-PPD et les modèles de confort adaptatif de la norme ASHRAE 55, de la norme EN 15251 et de la norme néerlandaise NPR-CR 1752 différaient fréquemment de 10 points de pourcentage, avec souvent 2-4 points de pourcentage sur les modèles adaptatifs. Néanmoins, les limites de dépassement recommandées se situent souvent entre 3 % et 5 % du total. Les prévisions de dépassement de seuils sont également sensibles aux incertitudes relatives aux températures de confort neutres prévues et aux variations en termes de performances des enveloppes des immeubles, d'apport de chaleur par insolation, de masse thermique et de précision des contrôles. Des travaux ultérieurs sont nécessaires pour mieux caractériser le confort afin d'appuyer les efforts d'amélioration de la modélisation du confort, des objectifs de dépassement de seuils, de la conception des immeubles et de l'exploitation des immeubles, ainsi que pour appuyer le développement des codes et des normes s'y rapportant. Mots clés: confort adaptatif normes de construction modèles de confort refroidissement dépassement de seuils mode mixte occupants sensibilité confort thermique

Structural Evaluation of Crystalline Ternary γ-Cyclodextrin Complex

The structure of a crystalline γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) ternary complex containing salicylic acid (SA) and flurbiprofen (FBP) prepared by sealed heating was investigated. FBP/γ-CD inclusion complex was prepared by coprecipitation; its molar ratio was determined as 1/1. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the molecular packing of γ-CD changed from hexagonal to monoclinic columnar form by sealed heating of SA with dried FBP/γ-CD inclusion complex, indicating ternary complex formation. The stoichiometry of SA/FBP/γ-CD was estimated as 2/1/1. Solid-state transformation of γ-CD molecular packing upon water vapor adsorption and desorption was irreversible for this ternary complex, in contrast to the reversible transition for the FBP/γ-CD inclusion complex. The ternary complex contained one FBP molecule in the cavity of γ-CD and two SA molecules in the intermolecular space between neighboring γ-CD column stacks. Infrared and (13) C solid-state NMR spectroscopies revealed that the molecular states of SA and FBP changed upon ternary complex formation. In the complex, dimer FBP molecules were sandwiched between two γ-CD molecules whereas each monomer SA molecule was present in the intermolecular space of γ-CD. Ternary complex formation was also observed for other drug-guest systems using naproxen and ketoprofen. Thus, the complex can be used to formulate variety of drugs.

Coloration Phenomenon of Mefenamic Acid in Mesoporous Silica FSM-16

Coloration of mefenamic acid (MFA) was investigated in the presence of mesoporous silica FSM-16 with 16.0 A (Oc) and 45.0 A (Doc) pore diameter. The color change of MFA/FSM-16 physical mixture from white to deep blue was observed by sealed-heating (SH) and the subsequent humidification (HU). The coloration and the color difference were caused by the changes of chroma and lightness. In the case of MFA/FSM-16 (Oc), coloration was not observed by SH treatment only. Powder X-ray diffraction data indicated that difference of the dispersed states of MFA molecules in FSM-16 mesopore affected the coloration. MFA adsorbed on the silica surface and MFA in the mesopore were differentiated by thermogravimetric analysis. Solid-state (13)C-NMR showed that the molecular mobility of MFA was increased in the dispersed state in FSM-16 mesopores compared to the crystalline state. Structural changes of silanol groups in FSM-16 by humidification were observed by solid-state (29)Si-NMR. MFA adsorption in FSM-16 mesopore by SH as well as changes of the surface state of FSM-16 by HU affected the coloration of MFA.