Effect Of Sealant Research Articles

Retención y efecto anticariogénico de los selladores en molares primarios. Ensayo clínico controlado

Objetivo: Evaluar la retención y efecto anticariogénico de los selladores en molares primarios. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico, controlado, ciego simple, con diseño de boca dividida, en 320 segundos molares primarios libres de caries de 80 niños con edades entre 3 y 5 años. Fueron sellados con vidrio ionomérico Ketac Molar® 3M segundos molares derechos y con sellador de resina Clinpro® 3M segundos molares izquierdos. Después de doce meses se evaluó la retención y la incidencia de caries. Los datos se procesaron con el programa SPSS V-19. Se utilizó la prueba Chi cuadrado y Test de Fisher. Resultados: El grupo control obtuvo 20% de retención total y el experimental 13.3%. El sellador Clinpro® mostró 28.6% de pérdida, y el sellador Ketac Molar® 32%. Dentro del grupo experimental ningún molar presentó lesiones, mientras que el grupo control hubo un 16.3% de incidencia de caries, estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas (p<0.05). Conclusión: La retención del sellador de resina fue superior a la del cemento de ionómero de vidrio luego de 1 año. La retención de los selladores en los dientes mandibulares fue superior a la de los dientes maxilares. No hubo incidencia de lesiones de caries dental en el grupo de molares sellados con pérdida del ionómero de vidrio, contrario al grupo que recibió el sellador a base de resina donde se presentaron 7 casos de la enfermedad.

Yüzey Örtücülerin Bir Supra-Nano Dolduruculu Kompozit Rezinin Renk Stabilitesine Etkisi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, iki farklı bitirme-cila sistemi kullanıldıktan sonra iki farklı yüzey örtücü uygulanan bir supra-nano-dolduruculu kompozit rezinin renk stabilitesini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Standart boyuttaki (8mm çap, 2mm yükseklik) kalıplar aracılığıyla 60 adet disk şeklinde kompozit örneği (Estelite Sigma Quick, Tokuyama, A2 renk) elde edildi. Örnekler, uygulanan cila prosedürüne göre rastgele 6 gruba ayrıldı (n=10): OD=Optidisc (Kerr), ODB=Optidisc+Biscover LV (Bisco), ODP=Optidisc+PermaSeal (Ultradent), SS=Super-Snap-Rainbow-Kit (Shofu), SSB=Super-Snap Rainbow Kit+BisCover LV, SSP=Super-Snap Rainbow Kit+PermaSeal. CIE L*a*b* sistemini kullanan bir spektrofotometre (Easy Shade, Vita) aracılığıyla ilk renk ölçümleri gerçekleştirildi ve değerler (L*a*b*) kaydedildi. Daha sonra her örnek günde 4 saat süreyle çözülebilir kahvede (Nescafe, Nestle), sonraki 20 saatlik sürede ise distile suda bekletildi. Renk ölçümleri 2., 7. ve 90. günlerde tekrarlandı. Renk değişimleri ΔE*=[(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2]½ formülüne göre hesaplandı. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde Kruskal Wallis ve Mann-Whitney-U testleri kullanıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p3,3) gözlendi. Doksan günlük süre sonunda SS ve ODB grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmazken (p>0,05), diğer tüm gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edildi (p3,3) gözlenirken yalnızca SS grubunda klinik olarak kabul edilebilir (ΔE≤3,3) düzeyde renk değişimi tespit edildi. En yüksek renk değişim değeri (ΔE*), PermaSeal yüzey örtücü uygulanan gruplarda gözlendi (p>0,05). Sonuç: PermaSeal yüzey örtücü supra-nano dolduruculu rezinin renk stabilitesini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Biscover LV yüzey örtücünün kompozit rezinlerin renk stabilitesine etkisini inceleyen daha kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

The effect of surface sealants on discoloration of primary teeth related to iron syrups

The effect of surface sealants on discoloration of primary teeth related to iron syrups

Effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants on primary molars: A 2-yr split-mouth randomized clinical trial.

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sealants in preventing pit and fissure caries in primary molars. The secondary objective was to assess the sealant retention during a 2-yr study period. A 2-yr split-mouth randomized clinical trial including 90 3-7-yr-old children was conducted in the paediatric dental department of Montpellier hospital. The dentition of each included patient was divided into an experimental side and a control side, with annual follow-up visits. Caries increments, measured as the number of new occlusal cavitated lesions, were not different between the sealed (mean 0.23) and the control primary molars (mean 0.29). A multiple mixed-effects logistic regression showed that male gender, moderate/high caries risk, and a higher oral hygiene index score, had a statistically significant effect resulting in higher caries increments in the primary molars, than did female gender, low caries risk, and lower oral hygiene index scores. Sealing showed no statistically significant influence on the development of new caries lesions. After 2yr, the percentages of partially or totally lost sealants were 22.7% and 32.0%, respectively. In this sample of children, the caries increment was not significantly different between the sealed and the unsealed molars. At the end of this 2-yr study, more than half of the sealants were totally or partially lost, which could explain the low sealant effectiveness.

Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents.

Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents.

Fibrin sealant for split-thickness skin graft fixation in burn wounds - An ancillary postulated role in scar modulation

• The percentage of graft take at the end of 15th post-operative day was higher in fibrin sealant group. • At end of six months, modified Vancouver scar scale score was better in fibrin sealant group. • Fibrin sealant group, less resting pain over the skin grafted site was reported. • Histopathological and immuno-histochemical staining showed better scar characteristics in fibrin sealant group at the end of six months follow up. Burn care was revolutionized by critical care and excision surgeries which drastically improved the survival rates of the patients. Another cornerstone and basic surgery in all these patients is the skin grafting. Traditionally skin grafts are fixed using sutures, staplers and cyanoacrylate glue. The study was conducted to compare the efficacy and effects of fibrin sealant and cyanoacrylate glue in graft fixation and scar characteristics after skin grafting in post burn raw areas. The study was conducted as a retrospective comparative cohort study with prospective follow-up conducted at a tertiary burn care centre in India over a period of one year which included patients between 18–50 years who presented with post burn raw areas and underwent skin graft fixation with fibrin sealant or cyanoacrylate glue. Data from 40 patients were collected and analyzed in the study. Group 1 (Fibrin sealant) and group 2 (Cyanoacrylate glue) included 20 patients each. The percentage of graft take at the end of 15th post-operative day was higher in group 1 in comparison to group 2 (95 % and 90.2 % respectively). Two patients had graft failure (Mean - 26.75 %) in group 1 in comparison to five in group 2 (Mean - 38.16 %). At end of six months, on modified Vancouver scar scale in categories of pigmentation, vascularity, thickness and pliability - the subjective scorings were better in group 1 overall. Histopathological and immuno-histochemical staining showed better scar characteristics in group 1. The use of fibrin sealant has shown better results when compared to cyanoacrylate glue in the fixation of skin grafts in post burn raw areas. The superior scores in clinical and histopathological scar characteristics in fibrin sealant group may indicate the role of Fibrin sealant in scar modulation.

Experimental study of water droplet impact on burning wood surfaces

The mechanism of fuel surface cooling with water was studied experimentally by visualising a water droplet impacting on surfaces of burning wood. This droplet impact condition was investigated experimentally for the first time. The main focus of this current investigation is to provide a behaviour description of a water droplet impacting a burning solid surface, with the intent to clarify the differences between impingement on cold surfaces and burning real application materials such as wood. Wood was used in the tests to simulate the temperature and surface characteristics of burning specimens. Sizes of water drops were in a range between 0.95 mm and 2.1 mm, resulting in a Weber number from 52 to 264. Visualisation of impact proved to be a challenge because of the optical characteristics of wood undergoing pyrolysis, the required high shutter speed and the very small droplet size. Images were improved significantly and used for quantitative measurements through careful post-processing and the application of a sequence of enhancement techniques. A new mechanism of fire extinguishment is proposed based on the sealant effect of the water liquid layer. The results showed a clear divergence in the behaviour of water splash on burning wood compared to cold surfaces. Prompt splash, receding breakup, and deposition were observed to occur at the initial stage of the droplet impact. The critical Weber number at which the impact drop breaks up and splashes with sub-droplets was shown to be lower for the tests on burning surfaces. Different types of wood also showed the dependence of droplet dynamics. Furthermore, the increase in droplet impact velocity revealed that most of the wetting was achieved during the first few milliseconds after impact and resulted in faster evaporation. Finally, a conceptual model is presented to summarise the behaviour of a water droplet impact on wood surfaces.

Caries-Preventive Effect of a Public Health Programme for Pit and Fissure Sealant.

The caries-preventive effect of pit and fissure sealant was found to be related to the incidence of caries in the population. The rate of caries in China has been very low, and a pit and fissure sealant public health programme has been widely carried out since 2005. This study aims to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of this dental public health programme in Beijing, the capital of China. A 3-year longitudinal study was conducted from 2012 to 2015. All students (n = 2973) in one district of Beijing were included. Children who received a sealant were categorised into the sealant group (n = 1648), and the other children were categorised into the no sealant group (n = 1325). The dental caries risk levels in the sealant group and the no sealant group were balanced at baseline. The caries incidences of children only counting four first molars after 28 months were 18.1% and 13.6% for the sealant group and the no sealant group, respectively (Chi-square test, p = 0.001). The risk ratio in the sealant group versus the no sealant group for caries yes/no (only four molars) at 28 months was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.60-0.90; p = 0.001), based on binary logistic regression. The pit and fissure sealant dental public health programme implemented in Beijing was effective in preventing dental caries in the first permanent molars.

Effectiveness of fibrin sealant as a hemostatic technique in accelerating endoscopic submucosal dissection-induced ulcer healing and preventing stricture in the esophagus: A retrospective study.

The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative electrocoagulation followed by porcine fibrin sealant (FS) as a protective hemostatic technique for wounded microvessels in promoting the healing of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)-induced ulcer, and preventing esophageal strictures that follow ESD. A total of 203 patients with early esophageal cancer or precancerous lesions were retrospectively analyzed. The 1-month ulcer healing and stricture rates were compared between the two groups (combined hemostats and electrocautery groups). The 1-month complete healing rate was 77.0% in the combined hemostats group and 52.6% in the electrocautery group (P=0.003). The use of FS and a smaller resected range (<3/4 circumference) was associated with a better 1-month healing rate. For patients with a ≥3/4 circumference mucosal defect, the esophageal stricture rate was 31.6% (6/19) in the combined hemostats group and 25.0% (2/8) in the electrocautery group. There was no difference in the stricture rate (P=0.737) and dilation time (P=0.733) between the two groups. In conclusion, the application of conservative electrocoagulation followed by porcine FS as a wound-protection technique promoted ESD-induced ulcer healing in the esophagus. However, this combined hemostatic technique was not superior to the conventional hemostatic method in preventing post-ESD stricture in patients with large esophageal mucosal defects.

Effects of Fibrin Sealant on Seroma Reduction for Patients with Breast Cancer Undergoing Axillary Dissection: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Seroma formation is common in patients with breast cancer after axillary dissection. Fibrin sealant, containing fibrinogen and thrombin, has been developed to improve wound healing. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of fibrin sealants in reducing seroma among patients with breast cancer undergoing axillary dissection. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 2020. Pooled estimates of the outcomes were computed using a random-effects model. The primary outcomes were incidence and volume of seroma, while the secondary outcomes were volume and duration of drainage, incidence of infection, and length of hospital stay. We reviewed 23 RCTs that included 1640 patients. Compared with the control group, the fibrin sealant group had no significant differences in the incidence of seroma, length of hospital stay, or incidence of surgical site infection. Significant intergroup differences were discovered in lower volume of seroma (weighted mean difference [WMD] - 71.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 135.58 to - 8.19), volume of drainage (WMD - 73.24, 95% CI - 107.32 to - 39.15), and duration of drainage (WMD - 0.84, 95% CI - 1.50 to - 0.19). Fibrin sealants provide limited benefits in reducing the volume of seroma and the volume and duration of drainage. Therefore, after shared decision making, surgeons may apply fibrin sealants to patients with breast cancer undergoing axillary dissection.

Effect of Bismuth Subnitrate Teat Canal Sealant with Ampicillin-Cloxacillin Combination in Control of Bovine Mastitis in Selected Farms in Kenya

This study presents the results of effect of a combination of bismuth subnitrate teat canal sealant (Boviseal® -Bimeda® Animal Health, Ireland) and the antibiotic Ampicillin &amp; Cloxacillin (Bovaclox® DC-Norbrook Laboratories Ltd-UK) when used during the dry period on occurrence of mastitis 100 days post-calving. The objectives of this study were: to determine the effect of Boviseal® teat canal sealant in combination with Bovaclox® DC in control of dairy cow mastitis 100 days after calving; to determine bacterial pathogens causing mastitis in the selected farms and to determine risk factors for occurrence of dairy mastitis in the selected farms. This controlled field trial was carried out in two Kenyan dairy farms: Chemusian Farm in Nakuru County and Gicheha Farm in Kiambu County. 156 dairy cows were used in the study. Healthy cows with no history of mastitis in their current lactation were recruited. They were randomly placed into either of the two study groups: the control and the test group. The Control group received Bovaclox® DC while the Test group received the Bovaclox® DC followed by Boviseal®. The cows were followed during the entire dry period and 100 days post-calving monitoring for mastitis occurrence. Cows in the control group were more susceptible to mastitis 100 days post-calving compared to cows in the treatment group (P&lt;0.001, RR=4.4, OR=17.7). Of the bacterial pathogens, coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) were the most common pathogens isolated from mastitic milk at 34.6 % followed by Micrococcus spp. (9.0%). Other bacteria isolated were Streptococcus agalactiae (3.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (1.9%); Escherichia coli (0.6%) and various bacterial mixtures. Results of logistic regressions at P≤0.05 showed that farm, position of the quarter, type of barn floor and type of treatment were significantly associated with occurrence of mastitis. Cows in Gicheha farm whose barn floor was earthen, those cows in the control group and hindquarters were risk factors for mastitis (RR=1.5, 4.4 and 1.18 respectively). The results of this study showed that Bovaclox® DC + Boviseal® teat canal sealant combination applied during the dry period is more effective in controlling bovine mastitis 100 days post-calving compared to the use of Bovaclox® DC alone. The study thus recommends the use of Bovaclox® DC + Boviseal® dry cow combination for control of bovine mastitis.

Determining the effectiveness of fibrin sealants in reducing complications in patients undergoing lateral neck dissection (DEFeND): study protocol for a randomised external pilot trial

BackgroundComplications after major surgery are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Neck dissection is one of the most commonly performed major operations in Head and Neck Surgical Oncology. Significant surgical complications occur in approximately 10–20% of all patients, increasing to 40% in patients who have had previous treatment to the area or have multiple co-morbidities and/or polypharmacy.Current evidence suggests that fibrin sealants (FS) may have potential clinical advantages in Head and Neck Surgery through the reduction of complications, volume of wound drainage and retention time of the drains. However, a paucity of high-quality trial-based evidence means that a surgical trial to determine the effectiveness of FS in reducing the rate and severity of complications in patients undergoing lateral neck dissection is warranted. The DEFeND randomised external pilot trial will address critical questions on how well key components of the proposed study design work together as well as the feasibility of a future phase III trial.MethodsThe study design that is being piloted is that of a two-arm, parallel group, superiority trial with block randomisation in a 1:1 allocation ratio. The interventional arm will constitute the application of FS (Artiss, Baxter Healthcare Ltd.) to the surgical wound following completion of a neck dissection procedure, in addition to standard of care (SOC). The control arm will constitute SOC alone. Eligible patients will include patients who require a lateral neck dissection with a minimum of three cervical nodal levels. Patients who require bilateral neck procedures or undergoing immediate reconstruction with free or regional flaps will be excluded. The outcomes being assessed will be recruitment rate, screened to randomisation rate, fidelity of blinding process using blinding indices, number of missing or incomplete data entries, number of protocol deviations and number of losses to follow-up. Suitability of the outcome measures proposed for the future phase III trial will also be assessed.DiscussionThe anticipated challenges for this study will be recruitment, complexity of the intervention and adherence to the protocol. The outcomes will inform the design, feasibility and conduct of a future phase III surgical trial.Trial registrationFirst participant randomised: November 06, 2018; UKCRN Portfolio ID: 37896; ISRCTN99181100.

Effect of surface sealant on the surface roughness of different composites and evaluation of their microhardness.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a surface sealant on the surface roughness of different composites and compare their microhardness values. Sixty disc-shaped specimens were prepared and assigned to 6 groups (n =10). Groups were prepared as follows; Group 1 (Herculite XRV Ultra), Group 2 (Beautifil Bulk Restorative) and Group 3 (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative). Groups 4, 5, and 6 were prepared by applying a surface sealant (BisCover LV) on the specimens in groups 1, 2 and 3. Surface hardness of the discs in group 1, 2, and 3 and surface roughness of the discs in all groups were measured using the Vickers hardness test and a profilometer, respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to test for differences among the groups. No significant differences were observed in the microhardness and roughness between the experimental and control groups for each restorative materials. Group 3 showed the highest surface hardness and group 4 showed the lowest surface roughness values. Using the BisCover LV resin after the polishing step has no significant effect on the surface roughness. The highest hardness values were obtained for the Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative after the polishing step. The smoothest surfaces were obtained for all experimental groups using the BisCover LV resin after the polishing step, Herculite XRV Ultra showed lower average roughness values than the other materials.

Clinical Trial Concerning the Effectiveness of Two Types Dental Sealants in Children with Bruxism

Dental sealants are important components of preventive dentistry. The aim of this clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of an unfilled resin-based sealant and a carbomer-based dental sealant. 42 child patients with completely erupted inferior first molars and with diagnosed bruxism were included in the study. At 2 weeks, respectively 6, 12 and 18 months were evaluated the effectiveness of sealants after marginal deterioration, retention and the presence of caries. The results of the trial showed that unfilled resin-based sealant presented fewer modifications.

Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery.

Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery.

Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy as a method to prevent recurrent lumbar disc herniation

Fibrin sealant as a promising agent for providing scaffold and efficient hemostasis is widely accepted in several specialties. However, the outcome of Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy has not been evaluated in patients with disc herniation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, response, and probability of future recurrence rates in herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) with the use of fibrin sealant in conjunction with endoscopic disc surgery. A total of 35 patients (28 men, 7women) were evaluated, including 18 patients who underwent endoscopic discectomy alone and 17 patients that received fibrin sealant at the site of annulus tear and endoscopic discectomy. All patients were followed through both clinical and imaging methods for an average of 10.5 months. Primary outcome measure was defined as lumbar decompression approved by imaging and symptom alleviation after endoscopic spinal discectomy with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score ≤ 4 (cut-off point). Median size of annular tearing was significantly lower in the endoscopic discectomy group (median, 3) (minimum, 2; maximum, 5); however, the corresponding factor in the endoscopic discectomy plus fibrin sealant group was significantly larger (median, 6) (minimum, 5; maximum, 10), with P &lt;0.001. Only one patient in the endoscopic discectomy group had an HNP recurrence during follow-up compared to two patients in the endoscopic discectomy plus fibrin sealant group. Due to the temporary effects of fibrin sealant in preventing disc herniation and the observed recurrence rate in both the case and control groups, the results of this study suggest a role of fibrin sealants combined with endoscopic discectomy to prevent early HNP recurrence rate.

Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy as a method to prevent recurrent lumbar disc herniation.

Fibrin sealant as a promising agent for providing scaffold and efficient hemostasis is widely accepted in several specialties. However, the outcome of Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy has not been evaluated in patients with disc herniation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, response, and probability of future recurrence rates in herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) with the use of fibrin sealant in conjunction with endoscopic disc surgery. A total of 35 patients (28 men, 7women) were evaluated, including 18 patients who underwent endoscopic discectomy alone and 17 patients that received fibrin sealant at the site of annulus tear and endoscopic discectomy. All patients were followed through both clinical and imaging methods for an average of 10.5 months. Primary outcome measure was defined as lumbar decompression approved by imaging and symptom alleviation after endoscopic spinal discectomy with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score ≤ 4 (cut-off point). Median size of annular tearing was significantly lower in the endoscopic discectomy group (median, 3) (minimum, 2; maximum, 5); however, the corresponding factor in the endoscopic discectomy plus fibrin sealant group was significantly larger (median, 6) (minimum, 5; maximum, 10), with P <0.001. Only one patient in the endoscopic discectomy group had an HNP recurrence during follow-up compared to two patients in the endoscopic discectomy plus fibrin sealant group. Due to the temporary effects of fibrin sealant in preventing disc herniation and the observed recurrence rate in both the case and control groups, the results of this study suggest a role of fibrin sealants combined with endoscopic discectomy to prevent early HNP recurrence rate.

Endoscopic management of leaks and fistulas after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundEndoscopic techniques have become the first-line therapy in bariatric surgery-related complications such as leaks and fistulas. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of self-expandable stents, clipping, and tissue sealants in closing of post-bariatric surgery leak/fistula.MethodsA systematic literature search of the Medline/Scopus databases was performed to identify full-text articles published up to February 2019 on the use of self-expandable stents, clipping, or tissue sealants as primary endoscopic strategies used for leak/fistula closure. Meta-analysis of studies reporting stents was performed with the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsData concerning the efficacy of self-expanding stents in the treatment of leaks/fistulas after bariatric surgery were extracted from 40 studies (493 patients). The overall proportion of successful leak/fistula closure was 92% (95% CI, 90–95%). The overall proportion of stent migration was 23% (95% CI, 19–28%). Seventeen papers (98 patients) reported the use of clipping: the over-the-scope clips (OTSC) system was used in 85 patients with a successful closure rate of 67.1% and a few complications (migration, stenosis, tear). The successful fistula/leak closure using other than OTSC types was achieved in 69.2% of patients. In 10 case series (63 patients), fibrin glue alone was used with a 92.8–100% success rate of fistula closure that usually required repeated sessions at scheduled intervals. The complications of fibrin glue applications were reported in only one study and included pain and fever in 12.5% of patients.ConclusionsEndoscopic techniques are effective for management of post-bariatric leaks and fistulas in properly selected patients.

Effects of fibrin sealant and bone fragments on defect regeneration performed on rat tibiae: An experimental study

Fibrin sealant (FS) is a biomaterial that exhibits hemostatic and repairing properties. It has been successfully used as scaffolds and adhesives to improve repair and regeneration of tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of FS in the regeneration process of bone defects in male rat tibias through macroscopic, microscopic and mechanical analysis. A bone defect of 2.9 mm was performed on the medial face of the proximal third of the tibia of 40 rats and implanted FS and autologous bone graft (AG). The animals were divided into four groups: animals with bone defect without any treatment (CON), animals treated with fibrin sealant (TFS), animals treated with autologous graft (TAG) and animals treated with fibrin sealant and autologous graft (FSAG). The animals were euthanized 42 days after surgery. Macroscopic analysis showed no difference between the groups (p > 0.05) in relation to tibial weight, but a statistically significant difference (p = 0.005) was observed for their length. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) revealed tendentious values regarding bone microarchitecture and FS. Bone mineral densitometry (BMD) showed significance between the FSAG (p = 0.009) and TFS (p = 0.007) groups. The bone mineral content (BMC) presented a significant difference between all groups (p = 0.020). Maximum strength showed a significant difference between the FSAG group (p = 0.007) and the others. The results obtained in relation to the relative stiffness also present a significant difference (p = 0.023). Newly formed bone showed significant differences between groups (p = 0.035). We conclude that bone defect regeneration was directly influenced by the use of FS and AG.

Effect of adhesive sealant on resistance spot welding of 301L stainless steel

To solve the poor sealing performance of stainless-steel metro car bodies, a non-curing sealant is introduced into the resistance spot welding (RSW) process. Effects of the sealant on the weldability, mechanical property, and failure mode of 301L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) RSW welds were systematically investigated in this work. Under the action of electrode pressure, the sealant gathers around the quasi-nugget zone and leaves a thin residual sealant layer between the substrates. The insulating sealant leads to an earlier nugget initiation, a bigger nugget size and a higher heat utilization ratio than the traditional RSW process. The thermal decomposition products spread to the nugget and exist in the form of pores and inclusions. The proportion of residual δ-ferrite is decreased due to the long-lasting heat preservation effect of the surrounding sealant. The tensile strengths and failure mode of resistance spot welds with sealant (S-RSW) are undesired, resulting from the local softening and dispersedly distributed gas pore and inclusion defects. However, the adverse effects of the sealant on mechanical performances could be eliminated by appropriate increasing welding current. Considering the markedly improved sealing performance, S-RSW would be a useful and valuable process in engineering applications.