Sealed Technique Research Articles

Fibrinogen-Induced Regeneration Sealing Technique (F.I.R.S.T.): A Retrospective Clinical Study on 105 Implants with a 3-7-Year Follow-Up.

Background/Objectives: The primary aim of this retrospective clinical study was to assess the success and bone gain achieved by using the Fibrinogen-Induced Regeneration Sealing Technique (F.I.R.S.T.) in different indications. Methods: In this single-center retrospective clinical study, F.I.R.S.T. was performed in the following indications: alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), immediate implant placement, and horizontal and vertical guided bone regeneration (GBR) with simultaneous dental implant placement. F.I.R.S.T. is a modified approach to GBR characterized by the application of a porcine cortical lamina, as a long-term resorbable bone barrier to cover the bone defect, and a fibrin sealant for easy adaptation of the xenogenic bone graft material and the fixation of the collagenic bone barrier. Patients with uncontrolled systemic diseases, medications, or diseases that may alter bone metabolism; local inflammation; poor oral hygiene; and heavy smoking were excluded from this study. Horizontal and vertical bone gain (HBG and VBG) were measured by comparing postoperative and preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstructions. Patients were recalled for controls and oral hygiene treatment every 6 months. Results: Altogether, 62 patients (27 male, 35 female, age 63.73 ± 12.95 years) were included in this study, and 105 implants were placed. Six implants failed during the 50.67 ± 22.18-month-long follow-up. Cumulative implant survival throughout the groups was 94.29 %. In the immediate implant group, HBG was 0.86 mm (range: -0.75-8.19 mm) at the 2 mm subcrestal level, while VBG was 0.87 ± 1.21 mm. In the ARP group, HBG was 0.51 mm (range: -0.29-3.90 mm) at the 2 mm subcrestal level, while VBG was -0.16 mm (range: -0.52-0.92 mm). In the horizontal GBR group, HBG was 2.91 mm (range: 1.24-8.10 mm) at the 2 mm subcrestal level. In the vertical GBR group, VBG was 4.15 mm (range: 3.00-10.41 mm). Conclusions: F.I.R.S.T. can be utilized successfully for bone augmentation. The vertical and horizontal bone gains achieved through F.I.R.S.T. allow for implant placement with adequate bone width on both the vestibular and oral aspects of the implant.

Analysis of Farmers’ Perceptions on Sealing Techniques for Runoff Harvesting Ponds: A Case Study from Burkina Faso

Water conservation in arid and semi-arid regions faces significant challenges due to low and irregular rainfall, worsened by climate change, which negatively affects rain-fed crop productivity. Various techniques, including supplemental irrigation using runoff harvesting ponds, aim to address these issues but often suffer from water loss due to infiltration, influenced by the pond liner type. This study uses a factorial analysis to assess the farmers’ perceptions of four pond sealing techniques. Using the Waso-2 method, a survey conducted in 2022 among 41 rainwater harvesting pond owners across three regions of Burkina Faso revealed that farmers prioritized impermeability and ease of maintenance over cost and availability. Concrete, scoring 16/20, was the most preferred, chosen by over 75% of farmers for its durability and resistance to weathering, despite its high cost. Geomembrane, with a score of 12/20, was valued for its waterproofing properties but had durability concerns. Clay, although cheap and available, scored 8/20 due to poor waterproofing on unstable ground. Bitumen, the least favored with a score of 6/20, was hindered by scarcity and lack of familiarity. To enhance supplemental irrigation in Burkina Faso and similar regions, waterproof concrete or durable geomembrane liners are recommended. Further research into improving bitumen and clay liners is also suggested. These findings provide key insights into farmers’ preferences, offering guidance for developing effective water conservation strategies to boost agricultural productivity and address food security challenges in the context of climate change.

Clinical Effectiveness of Pit and Fissure Sealants Using Solvents for Improving Surface Wettability of Enamel: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Preventive dental procedures are cornerstones of caries management. This research aims to analyze the clinical effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants when applied to etched enamel pretreated with solvents compared to the conventional etch and seal technique. Children and adolescents with clinically healthy occlusal surfaces or noncavitated occlusal carious lesions on permanent first and/or second molars in all four quadrants were randomly allocated into four groups. A total population of 87 participants (348 teeth) were selected for the research based on the inclusion criteria. Following the enrollment, teeth were etched and sequentially assigned for application of Group 1 = Conventional Etch Seal (control group), Group 2 = isopropyl alcohol (IPA), Group 3 = acetone, and Group 4 = ethanol before sealant application. All participants were evaluated for marginal integrity, discoloration, and clinical retention of pit and fissure sealant after 6-month intervals and 12-month intervals using Feigal's criteria. At 6-month and 12-month intervals, the collected data were compiled and statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test of significance for marginal integrity between groups all four groups. The Wilcoxon rank test was assigned to assess the difference between parameters measured at 6 months and 12 months. A highly significant difference was found between the groups (P < 0.05) for marginal integrity and anatomic form at 6 months and 12 months when intergroup comparison was done using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Surfactants such as IPA and acetone can be adopted while choosing methods for the long-term clinical success of resin-based sealants for increasing wettability and penetration depth.

Influence of Dentin Sealing Technique on the Shear Bond Strength between Lithium Disilicate Ceramics and Try-In-Paste-Contaminated Dentin

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of try-in paste contamination on the bond strength of lithium disilicate glass–ceramic to dentin treated with immediate (IDS) or delayed (DDS) dentin sealing techniques. Occlusal halves of 33 molars were decapitated and divided into three groups (n = 10). Lithium disilicate discs (3 × 5 mm) were prepared. For Group A, the provisional crown was applied over dentin and was soaked in distilled water. Lithium disilicate discs were cemented following dentin conditioning with a three-step etch and rinse adhesive. In Group B (IDS), the three-step adhesive was applied to dentin. The dentin surfaces were conditioned only in the final cementation for Group C (DDS). The intaglio surfaces of test groups were contaminated with try-in paste. All specimens were thermally cycled 3000 times at 5–55 °C and were subjected to shear tests. An additional three specimens for each group were contaminated with try-in paste and subjected to the same surface cleaning as the test specimens were examined with SEM/EDS. The adhesive surfaces were also examined with SEM/EDS for try-in paste remnants. Group C showed a significant decrease in bond strength values compared to Group B and Group A (5.84 ±1.4 MPa, 11.45 ±2.4 MPa, and 10.29 ±2.5 MPa, respectively). No statistically significant difference was detected between Group B and Group A (p ≥ 0.05). The SEM-EDS analyses revealed obstructions of the dentinal tubules in the try-in-paste-contaminated specimens. Immediate dentin sealing application enhanced the bonding strength of lithium disilicate to the try-in-paste-contaminated dentin. Try-in paste contamination over dentin negatively influenced the bonding process.

Healing patterns of alveolar bone following ridge preservation procedures.

Examine the histomorphometric bone composition, following alveolar ridge preservation techniques and unassisted socket healing. Forty-two patients (42) requiring a single rooted tooth extraction were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 14 per group): Group 1: Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) using deproteinised bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a porcine collagen membrane; Group 2: Socket Seal (SS) technique using DBBM and a porcine collagen matrix; Group 3: Unassisted socket healing (Control). Trephined bone biopsies were harvested following a 4-month healing period. Forty-two samples underwent Back-Scattered Electrons -Scanning Electron Microscopy (BSE-SEM) imaging, with 15 samples examined using Xray Micro-Tomography (XMT) (n = 6 for each GBR/SS and n = 3 Control). Images were analysed to determine the percentage (%) of connective tissue, new bone formation, residual DBBM particles and direct bone to DBBM particle contact (osseointegration). BSE-SEM analysis demonstrated that new bone formation was higher in the Control (45.89% ± 11.48) compared to both GBR (22.12% ± 12.7/p < .004) and SS (27.62% ± 17.76/p < .005) groups. The connective tissue percentage in GBR (49.72% ± 9), SS (47.81% ± 12.57) and Control (47.81% ± 12.57) groups was similar. GBR (28.17% ± 16.64) and SS (24.37% ± 18.61) groups had similar levels of residual DBBM particles. XMT volumetric analysis indicated a lower level of bone and DBBM particles in all test groups, when matched to the BSE-SEM area measurements. Osseointegration levels (DBBM graft and bone) were recorded at 35.66% (± 9.8) for GBR and 31.18% (± 19.38) for SS. GBR and SS ARP techniques presented with less bone formation when compared to unassisted healing. GBR had more direct contact/osseointegration between the DBBM particles and newly formed bone.

Extraction Socket Seal Technique for Socket Preservation after Tooth Extraction: An Innovative Approach.

Background and objectives: Tooth extraction triggers the loss of surrounding alveolar soft tissue and bone. Numerous socket preservation techniques have been used by clinical surgeons; the issue with all existing techniques is the loss of soft tissue anatomy, resulting in a flat soft tissue architecture. Our study introduces an innovative ridge preservation technique that addresses this problem; it involved using an anatomically shaped composite resin lid that acts as a graft sealant and an approach for maintaining the soft tissue cervical profile. Material and Methods: The Extraction Socket Seal (ESS) technique was applied for 23 patients for socket preservation; atraumatic extraction of hopeless tooth was performed. The extraction socket was filled up with bone grafting material. After that, the composite resin lid, which was fabricated by the Cervico system was placed into the extraction socket. Finally, the lid was connected to the adjacent teeth with an adhesive system and composite resin material. The patients were evaluated for a three-month interval for any complications and success of Extraction Socket Seal (ESS) technique. The data were tested by descriptive data analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 29). Results: The proposed technique has been successfully performed in twenty-three cases; 13 cases were male and 10 cases were female; and the mean age of all cases was 32 years. Extraction Socket Seal (ESS) technique utilizing a composite resin lid fabricated from the Cervico system was used as socket sealant placed directly to cover the bone graft, and we found that it provided an excellent “barrier” for the graft without any unwanted complications. After three months, radiographs showed good bone healing, and the mean socket soft tissue healing score was 4 (Very good wound healing), and most importantly the soft tissue architecture and shape were well preserved. Conclusions: We concluded that the Extraction Socket Seal (ESS) technique offers a very simple and time-saving technique for alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction for both anterior and posterior extraction sockets, and it provides a good seal for the graft material and the soft tissue anatomy was well preserved. Keywords: Alveolar ridge preservation, Extraction Socket Seal, ESS, Delayed implant placement, Socket preservation, Tooth extraction.

A Comprehensive Review on Water Permeability Testing and Sealing Techniques in Concrete Construction

The durability of concrete is determined by the permeability resistance to a large extent. The permeability resistance of concrete is an important index of concrete durability. This paper introduces the water permeability test process of concrete in China, Europe and the United States, and explains the sealing method of specimens in the water permeability test of concrete according to the Chinese standard, so that the construction inspection industry personnel can choose according to the actual situation of the project and the evaluation needs.

First worldwide correction of ventral Peyronie's disease utilizing rigicon inflatable penile prosthesis combined with plaque incision & grafting with collagen fleece (PICS-technique) for residual curvature.

Adjunctive residual curvature correction by plaque incision and grafting with a sutureless graft during inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation in patients with Peyronie's disease (PD) is our preferred technique. The PICS Technique (Penile Implant in Combination with the Sealing Technique) uses a self-adhesive collagen fleece (TachoSil®, Corza Medical, MA, USA) to cover the defect after plaque incision. The graft does not require sutures improving operative speed and avoiding needle stick of the implant cylinders. In this article, we present the first known application worldwide of a Rigicon Infla10® X (Rigicon, Ronkonkoma, NY, USA) device to Peyronie's ventral curvature. The patient's residual curvature of 80° after implantation was corrected by PICS through an additional subcoronal incision. At the conclusion of surgery, the penis was totally straight and rigid. No intra- and postoperative complications occurred. At the early follow-up of 12 weeks postoperatively, the patient was able to inflate and deflate the device and sexual intercourse was possible. A combination of the Rigicon Infla10® X and the PICS Technique represents a safe and successful approach for residual curvature correction during IPP in patients with ventral Peyronie's curvature. The Rigicon Infla10® X device showed excellent rigidity, and controlled expansion of the X cylinders means it can be used with the PICS Technique without restrictions. Early results are promising. Long-term follow-up and more patients are needed.

Development of LTCC IR-Emitter and Its Packaging

In this paper, thick film-based IR source is fabricated using multilayer Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) Technology. The proposed emitter is developed using screen printing of platinum material on LTCC substrates. The highly uniform meander shaped structure is fabricated with the size of 3.5 mm × 3.5 mm. Electrical, optical and thermal characterization of the fabricated device are carried out. Device temperature reaches 600 °C at 6.5 V. Optical characterization of the developed device shows the spectral range in the mid-IR region with power consumption of ∼3 W. In-house indigenised package is developed using glass-metal seal technique for packaging of developed IR source. Different windows viz., quartz, LiF and CaF2 are used for packaging. Developed IR source demonstrate the potential to meet the performance, size and cost requirements for various applications. The developed LTCC based IR source has planar and simple structure with high temperature stable lead-free interconnects.

Utilization of Polydioxanone Plate for Endoscopic Anterior Skull Base Repair: Operative Technique and Long-Term Cohort Outcomes

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to report the technical procedure and our experience using a polydioxanone suture (PDS) plate with dural substitute as part of a fully resorbable gasket seal technique to repair anterior skull base defects. Methods A series of patients undergoing anterior skull base reconstruction utilizing our resorbable gasket seal technique from January 2014 to July 2022 was reviewed. Results A total of 155 patients were included. Nine (5.8%) of the included patients developed postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks requiring reoperation. There were no cases of intraoperative cranial nerve injury or internal carotid artery injury. A total of 103 (66.5%) patients were observed to have an intraoperative CSF leak, including 57 low-flow leaks and 46 high-flow leaks; 1 of 57 (1.8%) patients with low-flow leaks and 8 of 46 (17.4%) patients with high-flow leaks developed a postoperative CSF leak. During the first 3 years that this technique was utilized at our center for the management of high-flow intraoperative CSF leaks, postoperative CSF leaks were documented in 4 of 12 (33.3%) patients, in comparison to 4 of 34 (11.8%) in the following years. Conclusion PDS plate reconstruction confers several advantages and can be used in a diverse set of operative scenarios in conjunction with other reconstruction options. There appeared to be an associated learning curve as surgeons at our center gained experience with this new technique. Our findings show that the PDS plate reconstruction is safe and effective in repairing the skull base.

Treatment Strategies for Incisors of Children Affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Narrative Review

Today, molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), which affects approximately one in seven children, is defined as a hypomineralized developmental enamel defect that often impacts at least one permanent first molar and frequently affects permanent incisors as well. Symptoms and signs include demarcated opacities of various colors, post-eruptive enamel deterioration, atypical caries and restorations, hypersensitivity, tooth loss due to MIH, and difficulty in achieving anesthesia. A detailed review of the scientific literature shows that there are many studies evaluating different treatment approaches for permanent first molars affected by MIH. On the other hand, there are very few scientific studies evaluating treatment approaches for affected incisors in patients with MIH. Most of these studies consist of case reports or series. White/creamy and/or yellow/brown demarcated opacities are commonly observed in affected incisors in patients with MIH. While these opacities increase the susceptibility of enamel to deterioration and dental caries, they also cause aesthetic problems and related psychosocial consequences. Treatment methods, such as resin infiltration, microabrasion, and/or dental bleaching, have been proposed for aesthetic and restorative purposes in affected incisors in patients with MIH. Additionally, various approaches to increase mineral content and relieve hypersensitivity have been recommended. The number of randomized controlled and prospective studies is quite low, but many case reports and case series have been encountered. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the different treatment management modalities for permanent incisors affected by MIH. As a result, while resin infiltration, dental bleaching, microabrasion, and/or etch–bleach–seal techniques are preferred for aesthetic and restorative purposes in these teeth, it has been observed that agents containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate, fluoride, and calcium glycerophosphate increase the mineral content. Additionally, studies have reported that ozone and low-level laser therapy, in addition to these remineralizing agents, reduce hypersensitivity in these teeth. Although the findings of this review indicate that the level of evidence for current approaches is not high, clinicians may prefer one or more of the treatment approaches mentioned in this article based on experience and patient expectations.

Total Sealing Technique (TST) with a bipolar vessel sealing system reduces lymphorrhea and seroma formation for axillary lymph node dissection in primary breast cancer

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of a novel surgical procedure, the Total Sealing Technique (TST), using the latest bipolar vessel sealing system (BVSS; LigaSure™ Exact Dissector) to reduce lymphatic leakage and seroma formation after electrocautery axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer surgery. Prolonged drainage is a common occurrence after ALND, primarily due to lymphatic leakage. In addition, the presence of seroma often leads to delays in the administration of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy even after drain removal. MethodsWe conducted a comparative analysis of 36 patients who underwent total mastectomy with ALND using conventional electrocautery technique (CONV) during the first 3 years, and 35 patients who underwent the same procedure using TST during the subsequent 3 years. The following factors were compared to assess the impact of TST: operation time, blood loss, total drainage volume, mean time to drain removal, postoperative hospital stay, mean time to initiation of postoperative chemotherapy, and postoperative complications in each group. ResultsTST significantly reduced drainage volume (360.5 vs. 820.6 mL, p < 0.001), days to drain removal (4.8 vs. 6.8 days, p < 0.001), postoperative hospital stay (5.9 vs. 9.6 days, p < 0.001), the incidence of seroma (28.6 % vs. 65.9 %, p = 0.001), and time to chemotherapy initiation (33.1 vs. 61.4 days, p < 0.001) compared to CONV. ConclusionsTST in total mastectomy with ALND effectively decreases the incidence of lymphorrhea and seroma formation; thus, it can be recommended for total mastectomy with ALND.

Endoscopic Sellar Defect Reconstruction with Avascular Modified Gasket Seal Technique for Sellar Tumors.

Watertight repair of the skull base defect is necessary during endonasal skull base surgery to avoid postoperative CSF leak (poCSFl) and consequent intracranial complications. Various techniques have been described for reconstructing sphenoid-sellar defects with varying success rates. We have described the immediate and long-term outcomes following the reconstruction of sphenoid-sellar defects with our technique. A retrospective analysis of the patients following transsphenoidal sellar surgery underwent barrier restoring reconstruction by multi-layered (inlay-overlay) with autologous thigh fat, fascia lata, fibrin glue, knitted collagen, and absorbable gelatin sponge (modified gasket seal technique). A total of 44 patients were included in the study (n = 44). Reconstruction with modified gasket seal technique was done for all patients. 26 (59.1%) had intraoperative CSF leak (ioCSFl), and 9 (20.4%) patients had grade 3 Esposito-Kelly ioCSFl requiring adjunct short-term pressure reducing procedure (Lumbar drain) intraoperatively. 11/44 (25%) had poCSFl, 7/11 patients with poCSFl were managed conservatively, and 4/11 patients required rescue second surgery and ventriculoperitoneal shunting. 1 (2.3%) had severe meningitis and succumbed to it. Pneumocephalus was seen in 6 (13.6%). Multivariate analysis showed that revision surgery, GH-secreting tumors, and defects extending to the suprasellar region had higher chances of poCSFl (p < 0.001). All 43 alive patients had no CSF leak on long-term follow-up. The modified gasket seal technique is a viable technique for endoscopic sellar reconstruction for ioCSFl with an immediate success rate of 79.6% and 97.72% in the long term in preventing the postoperative CSF leak with a 13.6% rate of meningitis.

A Socket Seal Technique With the Use of Autologous Dental Roots for Socket Seal: A Case Series.

The literature identified variations in socket seal surgery, each with limitations. This case series aimed to observe the outcome of using autologous dental root (ADR) for socket sealing on socket preservation (SP). A total of 9 patients with 15 extraction sockets were documented. After flapless extraction, the xenograft or alloplastic grafts were placed in the sockets. Autologous dental roots were prepared extraorally and applied to seal the socket entrance. All SP sites healed uneventfully. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was performed after 4-6 months of healing to evaluate ridge dimensions. The preserved alveolar ridge profiles were verified on CBCT scans and during implant surgery. Implants were placed successfully with a reduced need for guided bone regeneration. Histological biopsy specimens were examined in 3 cases. The histological examination demonstrated vital bone formation and osseointegration of graft particles. All patients completed the final restorations and were monitored for 15.56 ± 9.08 months after functional loading. The favorable clinical outcomes support the use of ADR for SP procedures. It was not only accepted to patients but also easy to perform with low complication rates. The ADR technique is thus a feasible method for socket seal surgery.

On-chip gas reaction nanolab for in situ TEM observation.

The catalysis reaction mechanism at nano/atomic scale attracted intense attention in the past decades. However, most in situ characterization technologies can only reflect the average information of catalysts, which leads to the inability to characterize the dynamic changes of single nanostructures or active sites under operando conditions, and many micro-nanoscale reaction mechanisms are still unknown. The combination of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) holder system with MEMS chips provides a solution for it, where the design and fabrication of MEMS chips are the key factors. Here, with the aid of finite element simulation, an ultra-stable heating chip was developed, which has an ultra-low thermal drift during temperature heating. Under ambient conditions within TEM, atomic resolution imaging was achieved during the heating process or at high temperature up to 1300 °C. Combined with the developed polymer membrane seal technique and nanofluidic control system, it can realize an adjustable pressure from 0.1 bar to 4 bar gas environment around the sample. By using the developed ultra-low drift gas reaction cells, the nanoparticle's structure evolution at atomic scale was identified during reaction.

Reduction of Alternating‐Current Resistance and Heat Generation of Spiral Inductors with Magnetic Sealing Technique

As direct current–direct current (DC–DC) converters increase their power density, their inductors require a planar structure with good heat dissipation. Planar inductors use rectangular wires or substrate patterns for their windings. Winding structures can be stacked, in which the structures are on top of each other; spiral, in which the windings are configured in the same plane; or composite structures of both. Here, the authors clarify the alternating‐current (AC) resistance of inductors with different winding structures and propose a magnetic sealing technique (MST) that reduces the AC resistance of low‐profile spiral inductors. Magnetic field simulation revealed the effect of MST on the AC resistance and inductance. Furthermore, spiral inductors with MST were fabricated, and the AC resistance reduction effect of MST was confirmed with impedance analyzer. The heat‐generation reduction effect in an MST inductor was demonstrated in a 1‐MHz 100 V/320 V 800‐W boost DC–DC converter prototype with GaN devices. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Simplified Interventional Treatment of Distal Wire–Related Perforation: The “Plug and Seal Technique”

Simplified Interventional Treatment of Distal Wire–Related Perforation: The “Plug and Seal Technique”

Alveolar ridge preservation with guided bone regeneration or socket seal technique. A randomised, single-blind controlled clinical trial.

ObjectivesTo compare radiographic bone changes, following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) using Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), a Socket Seal (SS) technique or unassisted socket healing (Control).Material and methodsPatients requiring a single rooted tooth extraction in the anterior maxilla, were randomly allocated into: GBR, SS and Control groups (n= 14/). Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images were recorded post‐extraction and at 4 months, the mid‐buccal and mid‐palatal alveolar ridge heights (BARH/PARH) were measured. The alveolar ridge width, cross‐sectional socket and alveolar‐process area changes, implant placement feasibility, requirement for bone augmentation and post‐surgical complications were also recorded.ResultsBARH and PARH was found to increase with the SS (0.65 mm ± 1.1/0.65 mm ± 1.42) techniques, stabilise with GBR (0.07 mm ± 0.83/0.86 mm ±1.37) and decrease in the Control (−0.52 mm ± 0.8/−0.43 mm ± 0.83). Statistically significance was found when comparing the GBR and SS BARH (p = .04/.005) and GBR PARH (p = .02) against the Control. GBR recorded the smallest reduction in alveolar ridge width (−2.17 mm ± 0.84), when compared to the Control (−2.3 mm ± 1.11) (p = .89). A mid‐socket cross‐sectional area reduction of 4% (−2.27 mm2 ± 11.89), 1% (−0.88 mm2 ± 15.48) and 13% (−6.93 mm2 ± 8.22) was found with GBR, SS and Control groups (GBR vs. Control p = .01). The equivalent alveolar process area reduction was 8% (−7.36 mm2 ± 10.45), 6% (−7 mm2 ± 18.97) and 11% (−11.32 mm2 ± 10.92). All groups supported implant placement, with bone dehiscence noted in 57% (n = 4), 64%(n = 7) and 85%(n = 12) of GBR, SS and Control cases (GBR vs. Control p = .03). GBR had a higher risk of swelling and mucosal colour change, with SS associated with graft sequestration and matrix breakdown.ConclusionGBR ARP was found to be more effective at reducing radiographic bone dimensional changes following tooth extraction.

Abstract No. 571 Assessing the effectiveness of water seal technique in an updated air embolism model for percutaneous lung biopsy

Paradoxical air embolisms are a rare but high mortality complication of percutaneous lung biopsies. Our previous 2021 air embolism model simulated air introduction during biopsy needle exchange in water. This updated model improves upon the physiologic accuracy by employing a xanthan-gum/glycerin/water fluid with the same viscosity as blood to compare the effectiveness of a water seal technique to a thumb seal technique during stylet-biopsy needle exchange in percutaneous lung biopsies.

Comparison of the Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Blood Levels of Parathyroid Hormone and Ionized Calcium: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aim of this randomized control trial is to compare the effect of anesthetic agents on blood levels of parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium. 77 American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II patients who would undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled into this prospective study and randomized into 3 groups with sealed envelope technique as Group S: sevoflurane, Group D: desflurane, and Group TIVA: total intravenous anesthesia. The first blood sample was used to check the baseline blood levels of parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium. In Group S or D, maintenance of anesthesia was being performed with 1 MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) sevoflurane or desflurane, respectively, while in Group TIVA, it was performed with 150 mcg/kg/min propofol and 1 mcg/kg/min remifentanil IV infusions. At the 30th minute of anesthesia and at the 1st hour of end of anesthesia, 2nd and 3rd blood samples, respectively, were used to check the blood levels of PTH and Ca. During perioperative period, hemodynamic parameters were also noted. Blood levels of parathyroid hormone at the 30th min after anesthesia were found to be significantly different between groups (P=0,01). The PTH level at the 30th min after anesthesia was found significantly higher in Group S than that of Groups D and TIVA (P=0.005 and P=0.001, respectively). Blood levels of ionized calcium at 30th min after anesthesia were found significantly different between groups (P=0,048). It was found significantly higher in Group TIVA than that in Group S (P=0.024). Desflurane seems to be the best agent for parathyroidectomy procedures. Future research studies are needed to be conducted to reach out more correct and valuable outcomes.