Seaweed Extracts Research Articles

Effect of Sulphur and Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Extract Spray on Growth and Yield of Groundnut

A field experiment was conducted on groundnut during Zaid (summer) season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of 3 levels of sulphur (30,40 and 50 kg/ha) and 3 levels of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract spray (5,10 and 15%) along with recommended doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash and a control (20-40-20 N-P-K/ha). Application of Sulphur 50 kg/ha along seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract spray 10% (treatment 8) recorded maximum plant dry weight (36.17 gm), pod per plant (27.93), seed index (39.90 gm), kernel yield (2.36 t/ha) and B:C (1.90).

EFFICIENCY OF FERMENTED SEAWEED EXTRACT AS FOLIAR FERTILIZER AT VARYING FREQUENCY AND CONCENTRATION IN PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) PRODUCTION

Fermented seaweed extract (FSE) was used as fertilizer in peanut production at MSU Sulu –BARMM, Philippines. The experiment was set up in a 3 x 5 factorial in split-plot randomized complete block design (RCBD), with the main plot (A) as the frequency of the fertilizer applied - once a week, twice a week, and once a month while, the sub-plot (B) as the concentration at 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The application of fermented seaweed extract significantly influenced the growth parameters and yield responses in peanut production. The treatment combinations of once- and twice-a-week application of 5-10% fermented seaweed extract provided the best results in peanut growth and yield. FSE applied twice a week at 5% concentration gave the highest yield of 2.49 tons per hectare. Peanut applied with FSE once a week at a 5% concentration gave the lowest cost of expenses and the highest return on investment of 179%.

Development and Process Optimization of a Steamed Fish Paste Cake Prototype for Room Temperature Distribution

Surimi-based products typically demand cold storage and a cold chain distribution system, which not only affects their physical properties and flavor but also escalates production costs. In this study, we introduced a novel high-temperature and high-pressure retort processing method to enable room temperature storage and distribution of a surimi-based product, a fish paste cake. Our optimization efforts focused on refining the processing conditions for the fish paste cake. This included incorporating transglutaminase, sugar additives, natural herbal or seaweed extracts, and optimizing retort processing conditions to enhance textural properties, minimize browning and off flavor, and extend the shelf-life of the product. Our results demonstrated that the addition of 0.3% ACTIVA TG-K, 1.0% trehalose, and 0.5% sea tangle extract during the production process significantly enhanced the gel strength, minimized browning, and improved the overall flavor of the fish paste cake prototype. Importantly, the developed prototype exhibited favorable biochemical, textual, nutritional, and sensory properties, extending the shelf-life up to 160 days without compromising physical, chemical, or sensory attributes. In addition, the developed prototype exhibited improved elasticity, compared to control groups. The innovative process not only facilitates room temperature storage and distribution of surimi-based products but also holds potential for generating additional profits.

Seaweed Proteins: A Step towards Sustainability?

This review delves into the burgeoning field of seaweed proteins as promising alternative sources of protein. With global demand escalating and concerns over traditional protein sources' sustainability and ethics, seaweed emerges as a viable solution, offering a high protein content and minimal environmental impacts. Exploring the nutritional composition, extraction methods, functional properties, and potential health benefits of seaweed proteins, this review provides a comprehensive understanding. Seaweed contains essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Its protein content ranges from 11% to 32% of dry weight, making it valuable for diverse dietary preferences, including vegetarian and vegan diets. Furthermore, this review underscores the sustainability and environmental advantages of seaweed protein production compared to traditional sources. Seaweed cultivation requires minimal resources, mitigating environmental issues like ocean acidification. As the review delves into specific seaweed types, extraction methodologies, and functional properties, it highlights the versatility of seaweed proteins in various food products, including plant-based meats, dairy alternatives, and nutritional supplements. Additionally, it discusses the potential health benefits associated with seaweed proteins, such as their unique amino acid profile and bioactive compounds. Overall, this review aims to provide insights into seaweed proteins' potential applications and their role in addressing global protein needs sustainably.

The Effect on Ethanol Production Using Red Seaweed Extracts in Sugarcane Juice Treatment

The Effect on Ethanol Production Using Red Seaweed Extracts in Sugarcane Juice Treatment

Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles From Sustainable Sargassum sp. Seaweed Material and Its Anti-inflammatory Application.

Background Sustainable and environmentally friendly methods of producing nanoparticles are now being investigated by scientists. Because there are so many marine renewable resources, scientists are focusing their attention on studying seagrass, seaweed, mangroves, marine macroalgae, and microalgae. An exciting new frontier in research involves the synthesis ofnanoparticles using extracts from seaweed. Seaweed extracts are utilized to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which serve as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Seaweed extracts possess bioactive substances like proteins, polysaccharides, and polyphenols that enable them to effectively convert silver (Ag+) ions intoAg NPs.Ag NPs derived fromSargassum seaweed have played an essential role in improving the anti-inflammatory properties of seaweed extracts. This study aimed to investigate thebiosynthesis of Ag NPs fromSargassumseaweed and evaluate their anti-inflammatory properties. Materials and methods About 50 g of seaweed samples were mixed with 100 mL of distilled water and stirred for 24 hours. Additionally, 1.2g of silver nitrate (0.120 M) was dissolvedin 60 mL of distilled water to make a silver (Ag) solution. A 60 mL solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) was mixed with a 40 mL solution of seaweed extract in water, and the mixture was stirred with a stirrer for 24 hours.A UV spectrophotometer was used to regularly monitor the reduction ofAg+ ions in the solution. Ag NPs were purified using a sequence of centrifugation steps with a duration of 10 minutes at a speed of 2500 revolutions per minute (rpm). To remove moisture from the water-suspended nanoparticles, they were vacuum-dried for 24 hours. Results The synthesis of Ag NPsfrom seaweed extract resulted in a noticeable change in the color of the mixture, which went from pale to brown. The alteration in color signifies the reduction of AgNO3 to Ag+ ions, facilitating the creation of Ag NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement verified the remarkable crystallinity of the synthesized Ag NPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images indicated a spherical, homogeneous structure. The Ag NPs derived from seaweed exhibited significant anti-inflammatory characteristics. Conclusion Utilizing Sargassum sp. seaweed in the biological synthesis of Ag NPs shows promiseto develop nanomaterials that canexhibit anti-inflammatory effects. This technique has benefits, such as being environmentally friendly and cost-efficient. Additional research in this area is essential for effectively exploiting the potential of Ag NPs in anti-inflammatory activity.

Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy, Molecular Docking of Ethanolic Extract of Blackseed, Seaweed and Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament with Enterococcus Faecalis Antigens

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract blackseed, seaweed, and calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. To study the binding interaction between the active components of blackseed and seaweed against the enterococcal surface protein of (E. faecalis) by molecular docking. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extracts of blackseed and seaweed were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus. They were divided into three groups, namely, |Group I: Calcium hydroxide, Group II: Blackseed, and Group III: Seaweed. The antibacterial activity of the three groups was detected employing various concentrations ranging from 250, 125, and 62.5 μg/ml and based on the zone of inhibition. The inhibitory potential of medicaments to inhibit E. faecalis growth at various stages and kinetics plate were assessed following biofilm architecture evaluation by crystal violet biofilm assay. With the Swissdock suite, the molecular docking procedure was carried out. PyMOL version 4.1.5 was the program used for visualization. Since enterococcal surface protein (Esp) is primarily involved in the formation of biofilms, it was chosen as the target protein of E. faecalis. Based on their chromatographic investigations, Group II Thymoquinone (TQ) and Group III Ledenoxide were chosen as ligands. Results: The percentage of inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm was analyzed as statistically significant observed within groups. On post-hoc analysis, significant differences were present between the groups (P < 0.05). Molecular docking reveals binding energies of thymoquinone (Group II) and ledenoxide (Group III) against the enterococcal surface protein of E. faecalis were −6.90 Kcal/mol and −6.44 Kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: Compared to seaweed, black seed extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity against the E. faecalis biofilm in microbial inhibition and molecular interaction.

Effect of Seaweed Extracts on Rice Growth and Tolerance to Salinity, Drought and Blast (Magnaporthe oryzae)

Effect of Seaweed Extracts on Rice Growth and Tolerance to Salinity, Drought and Blast (<i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>)

Bioestimulante com Ascophyllum nodosum e ácidos fúlvicos como fatores mitigadores dos danos causados pela salinidade na soja

ABSTRACT Soil salinization negatively affects the growth and yield of economically valuable crops such as soybeans. New technologies are being developed to minimize the damage caused by saline stress and improve crop performance. Therefore, the use of biostimulants in agriculture may offer an alternative method to mitigate the deleterious effects of salinity. Extracts of the seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum and humic substances (fulvic acids) are commonly used. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the action of a biostimulant composed of A. nodosum seaweed extract and fulvic acid applied at different phenological stages on the biometric, biochemical, and physiological parameters of soybeans (Glycine max) subjected to irrigation with saline water. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 3 × 2 + 2 factorial scheme, referring to three applications of the biostimulant at different soybean phenological stages: V3, V3R1, and V3R1R4, two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): 0.5 (S0) and 5.0 dS m-1 (S1), two additional controls, one with a positive control (PC) and the other with a negative control (NC). The experiment had five replicates with one plant per plot. The results of this study suggest that the application of the biostimulant can mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress in soybeans. The results obtained with V3R1 application in the parameters stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry mass, electrolyte leakage, and chlorophyll b represent greater efficiency in mitigating the harmful effects of salinity in soybean cultivation.

In vitro and in silico evaluation of anti-quorum sensing activity of marine red seaweeds-Portieria hornemannii and Halymenia dilatata

The bacterial cell communicates from one cell to another by binding Auto-Inducers to specific receptors and their virulence factors, which are all products of their expression system. Therefore, this pathogenesis is controlled by disrupting the signal-response system. The current study assesses three maritime red seaweeds, including Portieria hornemannii and Halymenia dilatata, for their anti-Quorum Sensing (QS) activity against four bacteria. Those opportunistic pathogens cause severe QS-dependent biofilm formation and other virulences. In vitro, the study showed that biofilm formation in S. aureus was inhibited with 43.3%, 55% in Acinetobacter sp, 48% in E. coli, and 39. 2 % in K. pneumoniae by red seaweed extracts. The EPS production was also highly inhibited in Acinetobacter sp. with 41 % more than other bacteria. The efflux pump expressions and QS-dependent swimming motility were also effectively reduced. The present study targets the receptor proteins to prevent from binding of QS signals. Correspondingly, the in silico research predicts the binding affinity of bioactive compounds of seaweed extracts to the QS receptor proteins. The Hexamethyl Cyclotrisiloxane, Benzo[h]quinoline, 2,4-dimethyl, and 5-Methyl-2-phenylindolizine compounds from H. dilatata, P. hornemannii, respectively, showed a higher binding affinity with receptor proteins such as AgrC (PDB ID: 4BXI) of S. aureus, SdiA (PDB ID:4LFU) of E. coli, Modelled SdiA protein of K. pneumoniae and Modelled AbaR protein of Acinetobacter sp. This study demonstrates the potential of seaweed against virulence and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria.

Use of natural-based commercial products as an alternative for providing bioprotection against verticillium wilt of olive.

As a result of the ineffectiveness of existing control methods against Verticillium dahliae, the causal agent of verticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea; VWO), it is necessary to search for sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives, such as bioprotection by products based on plant extracts and other naturally synthesized compounds. Therefore, present study aimed to evaluate the effects of seven natural-based commercial products on the inhibition of mycelial growth, the germination of V. dahliae conidia and microsclerotia, and disease progression in olive plants (cv. Picual). Aluminium lignosulfonate and a copper phosphonate salt (copper phosphite) were included for comparative purposes. The seaweed and willow extracts and copper phosphite inhibited V. dahliae mycelial growth by more than 50% at the high doses tested. Most of the products inhibited conidial germination by up to 90% compared to the control at the high doses tested. However, none of the products showed efficacy above 50% in inhibiting microsclerotia germination. The willow extract was the most effective at reducing disease severity and progression in olive plants, with no significant differences compared to the non-inoculated negative control. The results of the present study suggest that the use of natural-based products (i.e. seaweed and willow extracts) is a potential sustainable alternative in an integrated VWO control strategy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Studies on Ulva fasciata and Chaetomorpha antennina from Tenneti Park, Visakhapatnam Coastal Area, India

Seaweed is considered as herbal medicine and food source utilized by the coastal community. Seaweed is commonly consumed because it is an important source of iodine. Ulva fasciata and Chaetomorpha antennina are green seaweed wildly grow in marine environment. Green algae are involved in photosynthetic reaction. These are observed worldwide. These algal blooms are a consequence of human activities. Phytochemical compounds are secondary metabolite groups in living organisms that have a certain function for humans. Algae are known to contain a huge variety of bioactive compounds having high potentiality towards medical field. They are seen mainly in shallow waters with high degree of salinity. Now-a-days they have commercially important with their valuable components in the form of as bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to analyse the potential anti-bacterial activity and antifungal activity, the presence of phytochemical and biomolecules in U. fasciata and C. antennina. The samples of U. fasciata and C. antennina was collected aseptically from Tenneti park, Visakhapatnam coastal zone. The research phase includes solvent extraction, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial activity. The zone of inhibition ranges from 0.5nm to 0.7nm by the U. fasciata extracts whereas the extracts from C. antennina ranges from 0.2nm to 0.3 nm. The presence of phytochemicals was observed in both the green seaweeds. The present study is biofuel extraction from the 2 seaweed extracts. The findings gave a result that C. antennina have high potentiality of biofuel production.

Effect of Gracilaria changii extract and its fraction in reverse cholesterol transport by targeting SR-BI gene

This present study aimed to investigate the effects of Gracilaria changii (Red seaweed) extract and its fraction on scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) gene expressions. In vitro studies of the activity of G. changii extract and its fraction against the therapeutic target for hypocholesterolemia were conducted using high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor SR-BI via luciferase assay in HepG2 cells. In the current study, methanol crude extract (MCE) and Fraction-2 of G. changii showed the highest expression levels of the SR-BI gene via luciferase assay and increased SR-BI mRNA expression compared to the negative control. Metabolite profiling of the MCE of G. changii by GC-MS revealed nine major compounds, comprising various fatty acids, particularly hexadecenoic acid. Therefore, the MCE and Fraction-2 of G. changii have the potential to be explored in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia to prevent or reduce the severity of atherosclerosis development.

Effect of Sargassum polycystum on Expression of Tyrosinase and Production of Melanin

Introduction: Melanogenesis, the process responsible for producing melanin pigment, hinges on the activation of the amino acid L-tyrosine by the pivotal enzyme tyrosinase. In cases of hyperpigmentation induced by ultraviolet radiation, there's a surge in both tyrosinase enzyme levels and melanin production. Sargassum polycystum is currently under active investigation for its potential in this regard. This review aims to delve deeper into the properties of Sargassum polycystum and its impact on tyrosinase expression and melanin production. Literature Review: Sargassum polycystum, a brown seaweed commonly found in coastal regions with abundant coral reefs, harbors active compounds like flavonoids, fucoidan, fucoxanthin, and phloroglucinol. Fucoidan, an extract from brown seaweed, exhibits promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recent studies have revealed its ability to impede the melanogenesis process. Specifically, it was observed that fucoidan from brown seaweed extract could dampen α-MSH stimulation while enhancing the activation of the ERK-MAPK pathway, thereby acting as a negative regulator for melanogenesis. Fucoxanthin, another component, showcases antioxidant capabilities. Furthermore, phloroglucinol, found in Sargassum polycystum, exerts tyrosinase inhibitory effects by chelating copper within the enzyme. Flavonoids like catechin, hesperidin, kaempferol, and baicalein in Sargassum polycystum demonstrate inhibitory effects on melanogenesis activation pathways, including suppression of the Erk1/2 pathway, MiTF, and direct inhibition of tyrosinase. Consequently, this leads to reduced tyrosinase expression and melanin production, ultimately attenuating the melanogenesis process. Conclusion: Sargassum polycystum emerges as a promising candidate for combating hyperpigmentation induced by exposure to ultraviolet B radiation.

Therapeutic potential of seaweed extracts: In vitro and in vivo studies on alleviating inflammation and enhancing intestinal barrier function.

Rich in diverse compounds such as polysaccharides, pigments, and phenols, seaweed offers not only nutritional benefits but also functional elements such as fucoidan, which demonstrates anticoagulant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. This investigation screened 22 seaweed extracts obtained using either water or ethanol as solvents from a total of fourteen seaweed species to evaluate their potential as dietary supplement ingredients. In inflammation-induced Caco-2 cell models, Saccharina japonica, Capsosiphon fulvescens, Hizikia fusiforme, and Chondrus ocellatus exhibited a significant increase in TEER values 24 h after treatment with seaweed extracts, in contrast to the cocktail group (p < 0.05). Additionally, permeability significantly decreased compared to the cocktail group (p < 0.05). Notably, these species exhibited a reduction in mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and iNOS, coupled with an elevation in the protein expression of tight junction proteins. Moreover, when tested in DSS-induced mice, these seaweeds demonstrated enhancements in colon health indices, suggesting their potential as beneficial treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases and associated conditions. This study demonstrates the therapeutic promise of these four seaweed species and emphasizes their prospective role in treating inflammatory bowel diseases, urging further exploration of their therapeutic mechanisms and clinical applications.

Natural Dispersing Agent from Korean Seaweed Extract to Enhance the Safeness and UV Protection Properties of Inorganic Sunscreen Based on TiO2 Nanoparticles

Natural Dispersing Agent from Korean Seaweed Extract to Enhance the Safeness and UV Protection Properties of Inorganic Sunscreen Based on TiO2 Nanoparticles

Low-cost and efficient strategy for brown algal hydrolysis: Combination of alginate lyase and cellulase

Brown algae are rich in biostimulants that not only stimulate the overall development and growth of plants but also have great beneficial effects on the whole soil–plant system. However, alginate, the major component of brown algae, is comparatively difficult to degrade. The cost of preparing alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) is still too high to produce seaweed fertilizer. In this work, the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. B1Z05 is found to be capable of efficient alginate depolymerization and harbors an extended pathway for alginate metabolism. The B1Z05 extracellular cell-free supernatant exhibited great potential for AOS production at low cost, which, together with cellulase, can efficiently hydrolyze seaweed. The brown algal hydrolysis rates were significantly greater than those of the commercial alginate lyase product CE201, and the obtained seaweed extracts were rich in phytohormones. This work provides a low-cost but efficient strategy for the sustainable production of desirable AOSs and seaweed fertilizer.

Improvement of heat-sealing strength of chitosan-based composite films and product costs analysis in the production process

The primary objective of this study was to enhance the heat-sealing strength of composite films made from chitosan and analyze the associated product costs. The approach adopted involved formulating chitosan-based composite films by incorporating gelatin and green seaweed extract. This strategic combination resulted in a notable improvement in heat-sealing strength. The ensuing attributes underwent meticulous examination, encompassing seal strength, FTIR spectroscopy, FE-SEM surface morphology analysis, and DSC thermal properties determination. Data analysis was rigorously conducted using the SPSS program, with outcomes presented as mean values accompanied by standard deviations. Disparities were discerned at a 95% confidence level, ensuring statistical robustness. The findings unveiled that the incorporation of 10% gelatin and 1% green seaweed extract substantially enhanced the seal strength of the chitosan-based composite films. Notably, the introduction of green seaweed extracts disrupted interactions between chitosan's structure and various molecular vibrations. This disruption, coupled with increased ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding, led to improved molecular interdiffusion, ultimately resulting in modified heat sealability. The study identified the optimized conditions as 10% gelatin and 1% green seaweed extract concentrations, which produced the highest seal strength at 19.4 N/m. Further evidence from scanning electron microscopy demonstrated improved interfacial adhesion, attributed to the adjusted surface morphology. The film surface did not contain small scattered particles and presented a smooth phase. This suggests that the chitosan-based composite achieved good interfacial adhesion between the two components in these films. As an essential aspect for practical application, the total production cost of the films was determined to be 606.84 baht. This information renders the data collection from the study valuable for companies seeking to enhance production efficiency and overall profitability.

Exploring the modulatory effects of brown seaweed meal and extracts on intestinal microbiota and morphology of broiler chickens challenged with heat stress

Brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) is known for its prebiotic roles and can improve animal intestinal health by enhancing the growth of beneficial microbes and inhibiting pathogenic ones. However, the gut health-modulatory roles of brown seaweed on chickens challenged with heat stress (HS) are rarely studied. The current study examined the effects of brown seaweed meal (SWM) and extract (SWE) on the ceca microbiota and small intestinal morphology of chickens challenged or unchallenged with HS. Three hundred and thirty-six 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to either a thermoneutral (TN; 24 ± 1°C); or HS room (HS; 32-34°C, 8 h/d from d 21 to 27). All birds in each room were randomly allotted to 4 treatments - control (CON), CON + 1 mL/L seaweed extract (SWE) in drinking water, CON + 2 mL/L SWE in drinking water, and CON + 2% seaweed meal (SWM) in feed and raised for 28 d. On d 14 and 28, 12 and 24 birds per treatment group, respectively, were euthanized to collect the ceca content for gut microbiota analysis and small intestinal tissues for morphological examination. On d 14, 2% SWM increased (P = 0.047) the relative abundance of cecal Fecalibacterium and all brown seaweed treatments improved jejunal villus height (VH) and VH:CD compared to the CON diet. On d 28, HS significantly reduced (P < 0.05) ileal VH, VW, and VH:CD, and duodenal VH and VH:CD. Among the HS group, 2% SWM and 2 mL/L SWE significantly increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Sellimonas, and Fournierella, compared to the CON diet. HS birds fed with 2% SWM had higher ileal VH and VH:CD compared to other treatments. In summary, SWM and SWE enhanced the abundance of beneficial microbes and improved small intestinal morphology among HS chickens. This implies that seaweed could potentially alleviate HS-induced intestinal impairment in chickens.

Foliar Application of Seaweed Extract and Micronutrients on Plant Growth and Yield of Strawberry (Fragaria X Annanassa Duch) CV. Winter Dawn: A Review

The study investigates the potential benefits of integrating seaweed extracts and micronutrients into the cultivation practices of strawberries to enhance overall plant performance and fruit production. Seaweed extracts are known to contain bioactive compounds, including plant growth regulators, amino acids, and minerals, which have been reported to positively influence various physiological processes in plants. Additionally, micronutrients play a crucial role in the plant's metabolic activities, and deficiencies can lead to reduced growth and yield. The synergistic effects of seaweed extract and micronutrients present an intriguing avenue for improving the overall health and productivity of strawberry crops. The review summarizes the findings from recent studies, assessing the impact of foliar application of seaweed extracts and micronutrients on strawberry plants. Improvements in growth parameters, nutrient uptake, and yield attributes were observed. Furthermore, the review concluded the potential use of various seaweed extract and micronutrients in strawberry cultivation for significant advantages.