Sea Transportation Research Articles

Developing design-basis PSD loads for spent nuclear fuel transport: Insights from cask test results

From 2020 to 2021, multimodal transportation tests were conducted in South Korea. Surrogate fuel assemblies were loaded into a full-sized transportation cask for road and sea transportation tests at Doosan Enerbility and along a South Korean seashore. The study focused on the effects of normal transport conditions on spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and its structural integrity by analyzing the data obtained. Additionally, the need to analytically assess the integrity of spent fuel under these conditions through design-basis loads has emerged. This study focuses on generating the input load. The study also addressed the practical considerations for applicants regarding the format of these design loads. For all tested conditions, design-basis power spectral density (PSD) loads were identified, covering PSDs at the basket across various transportation conditions. A comprehensive diagram capturing the PSDs at the basket, which then transmitted the load to the fuel assembly for each transport scenario, was calculated as the design load. The transportation test load data served as inputs for the shake table test, which aimed to closely evaluate the behavior of the fuel assemblies. The appropriateness and conservativeness of the derived design-basis PSD were validated through a shake table tests.

Transportation connectivity development strategy in the Wakatobi islands, Indonesia

This study aims to analyze connectivity or accessibility between regions in Wakatobi islands, both within and between islands, to understand the available transportation network. Based on an understanding of the dynamics of connectivity, it is expected to provide a solid foundation for the development of more efficient and sustainable transportation infrastructure in the future. A combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches is used to explore data more comprehensively and accurately. The two primary airports and several ports are still insufficient in enhancing connectivity for both the residents and tourists within the archipelago. Improving road, sea, and air transportation networks is a necessity and expectation to improve connectivity between regions. An analysis of accessibility potential provides an overview of transportation costs and expensive and long travel fares. There are several needs that need to be met in the form of the revitalization of local ports, the development of the concept of Air Buses between crossing ports, optimizing routes between airports, and the implementation of Bus/BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) on each island with feeder lines. Furthermore, the development of connectivity in Wakatobi must consider various alternative modes of transportation, increasing service frequencies, and developing supporting infrastructure. This conclusion is the basis for the preparation of a holistic and sustainable connectivity development plan in the Wakatobi archipelago.

Analisis Tinggi Gelombang Laut di Perairan Buton Selatan

Wave height information is very much needed by the people of South Buton, especially those who always use sea transportation, therefore this study aims to analyze the sea wave height in the waters of South Buton, using a quantitative descriptive method. The data collection technique is in the form of documentation. The data analysis technique used is a descriptive statistical analysis technique. Wave height information is very much needed by the community, especially in the shipping sector and fishermen in the waters of South Buton. The results of this study show that the wave height in South Buton varies greatly from January to December from 2019, 2020, and 2021. The months with great potential for high waves are January, February, April, and June with an average wave height of 1-3 meters with a wind speed of 4-15 knots. The lowest and moderate waves occur in March, May, July, August, September, October, November, and December. In these months, the average wave height reaches 0-2.5 meters with a wind speed of 6-15 knots.

Shifts in Maritime Trade Routes as a Result of Red Sea Shipping Crisis Detected in TROPOMI NO2 Data

AbstractObservations from space‐borne spectrometers have been lately used to quantify shipping emissions of nitrogen oxides (ΝΟΧ). Here we present a method that enhances the shipping signal of NO2 TROPOspheric MOnitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite sensor observations in order to assess the impact of the Red Sea ship attacks on NO2 levels in three important shipping routes along the Red Sea, the Cape of Good Hope, and the Gibraltar Strait. Major shipping carriers, sailing usually via the Red Sea, have responded to the attacks by transiting their fleet around the African continent. The shipping signal from TROPOMI declines by ∼55% in the Red Sea and ∼15% in the Gibraltar Strait while an increase of ∼40% is found off the South African coast between January–June 2024 and the same period in 2023. These changes correlate well with vessel statistics, demonstrating the ability to track abrupt changes in NO2 shipping levels with satellite measurements.

Hazard Identification of Well Test Operation in Drilling and Production Offshore Platform by HAZID

A significant portion of energy resources has been discovered in offshore sectors, leading to a continuous increase in the volume of activities and operations. Once a well is drilled and fluid extraction begins, all the reservoir parameters, start to change. well test operation is one of the most crucial tools for engineers to comprehend the behavior and parameters of hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this study, the hazards associated with the well test operations has been identified by using HAZID technique. A total of 189 risks were identified in the initial risk assessment, with 35 categorized as low risk, 88 as medium risk, and 66 as high risk and after implementing protection layers in the secondary risk assessment, the number of low risks incidents increased, while medium and high-risk incidents were reduced significantly. Most of the risks identified are associated with loading operations and sea transportation from the port to the drilling rig. Given that loading and unloading operations are among the most frequently repeated activities in well testing operations, it is determined that they play a critical role in the overall risk profile

The Relationship Between Physical And Mental Workload On Job Fatigue In Maxim Car Drivers In Kupang City In 2024

Transportation is a system consisting of certain facilities along with the flow and control system that allows people or goods to move from one place to another efficiently at any time to support human activities. Indonesia as a developing country certainly has a very rapid development of services in the fields of land, sea and air transportation. Transportation owned by the Indonesian Nation certainly has innovations from past to present in order to advance transportation services, one of which is an online provider company. Online transportation companies offer transportation services such as online motorcycle taxis, online taxis, delivery of goods, food delivery and so on, thus making this service in demand by many people. Likewise in Kupang City where there are several online transportation options, one of which is Maxim car transportation which has the advantage of being quite cheap. The high demand for Maxim online transportation in Kupang City has an impact on the fatigue experienced by online transportation drivers. One of them is also felt by Maxim Mobil drivers. Based on the researcher's initial survey of Maxim drivers in Kupang city, fatigue often occurs in Maxim Car drivers due to the increase in Maxim Car users in Kupang City. This type of research is quantitative using analytic survey method and cros sectional research design. The sample in this study amounted to 81 respondents from a total population of 430 drivers selected using accidental sampling method. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between physical load and work fatigue and there was a significant relationship between mental load and fatigue in maxim car drivers in Kupang City.

Основные предвестники формирования общепринятых практик осуществления мультимодальных перевозок

The article provides an overview of the history of the emergence of containers, within the framework of such a phenomenon as the container revolution, and also analyzes the modern potential of large transport and logistics infrastructure facilities, as a result and result of the container development trend. As part of the review of the development of modern trends in multimodal transportation, the issue of containerization is quite important, because today a container is not only an equipment for cargo transportation, but also an integral part of the supply chain, and is also able to significantly influence the formation of market tariffs for cargo transportation. Containerization of cargo transportation contributed to the formation of a modern transport and logistics paradigm in the context of international transportation, and also influenced the evolution of existing types of vehicles and special equipment, adapting them to mass transportation of metal containers. Over the history of its existence and development, containers have been adapted for the transportation of a wide variety of types of cargo from dangerous and temperature to bulk and bulk. In this article, within the framework of the calculation unit for assessing the potential of the modern global transport and logistics system, an analysis of the capacity of the largest marine infrastructure facilities - seaports is used, since it was with sea transportation that the containerization process began.

A brief review of the History of Computational Intelligence, Bio-Inspired Computing and Scientific Computing

The use of computational tools to solve real problems of different industries has been in increased significantly. Software is used to solve problems of the air, sea, ground, pipes, and aerospace transportation planning; problems related to the science of sport, chemistry, medicine, nursing, mechatronics, robotics; business problems related to minimize costs and maximize profits, problems of management of small, medium and large companies; agro-industrial problems, environment, among many others. To solve real problems using scientific computation, Bio-inspired and computational intelligence. This paper aims to present a review of the history of Computational Intelligence Bio-Inspired Computing and scientific computing.

Ship model-based route optimisation for decision support in deep sea shipping

Abstract We present a new approach and route optimization methodology to support analysis and planning of vessel and fleet performance in deep sea shipping for green, energy efficient, and safe navigation. The developed methodology combines the ship technical characteristics based on a ship model developed for a particular vessel type and energy-saving technology options and an optimization algorithm taking into account weather conditions. Optimization involves two stages: graph construction and Dynamic Programming labelling algorithm implemented to solve the shortest path problem with variable speed. The new approach is implemented as part of a decision-support tool EcoRouter enabling the user to conduct analysis of safe and Pareto optimal solutions. Several applications to support real fleet planning and ship performance analysis have been identified including project engineering for future energy-saving ship technologies, for example, wind-assisted propulsion.

A ferry route in the Skagerrak optimised via VISIR-2

Abstract Urgent measures are needed for the shipping industry to contribute proportionately to climate change mitigation. To date, the potential of weather routing has not been reproducibly assessed, especially for short sea shipping. We employ the open-source VISIR-2 model on a ferry passage in the Skagerrak (the strait among Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), considering both sea currents and waves. By computing 5,840 least-CO2 optimal routes for 2023, we find promising results, particularly for voyages from Denmark. The savings follow a bi-exponential distribution, with over 10% CO2 emissions savings achievable on about ten days per year. Specifically, the Norwegian coastal current can be harnessed to enhance speed over ground and reduce overall emissions. The vessel performance curve needs to be tailored to specific ships in service, and the optimisation algorithm should be developed to enable just-in-time arrivals.

Practice and Exploration of Ground Engineering for Pilot Testing of Offshore Gas Storage Facilities

Abstract The N gas storage facility is an offshore gas storage facility for oil reservoir reconstruction. There is no successful experience to learn from in the construction and operation of surface engineering. Therefore, a pilot experiment centered on economic benefits and fully utilizing the existing facilities in the oilfield has been carried out. Unlike traditional underground gas storage facilities, the construction difficulties of offshore gas storage facilities are more prominent. By strengthening design management, procurement management, construction management, testing management, and HSE management, the construction of gas storage facilities is efficiently promoted and successfully put into operation, achieving the experimental goal. In the construction and operation practice, facing many difficulties such as the evaluation and governance of old systems, inconvenient maritime transportation, long procurement cycle of compressors, and unsuitable production and operation, we have explored management methods such as utilizing old and leasing compressors, reasonable coordination of sea transportation, and adjustment of production parameters. We have innovated technologies such as soaking cleaning+steel wire ball unblocking and cleaning, small pipe capacity short distance series injection, and rapid construction of gas lift liquid discharge warehouses, Provide reference significance for the construction of similar gas storage facilities.

Logistic transportation role for sustainable ecotourism industry

Abstract Transportation plays a pivotal role in the industrial landscape, and the ecotourism sector, particularly sustainable ecotourism, is no exception. Sustainable ecotourism places emphasis on the responsible management of natural resources, aiming to foster comprehension, appreciation, and the conservation of both the environment and cultural heritage. The purpose of this research is to examine how the emergence of logistics transportation studies is driven by the transportation needs of island communities and tourists to increase sustainable ecotourism industry activities. Logistics transportation services that support ecotourism is a relatively new study of existing logistics resources in Indonesia. This study chooses sea transportation routes for the Karimunjawa Islands and Jepara. The logistics services for tourism transportation provided by the government and third parties pay little attention to sea transportation routes that pass-through conservation areas, namely the Panjang Island Conservation Area and Karimun Jawa National Park. Indeed, there has been a sea route provided, but several obstacles arose when passing through the conservation area. The establishment of novel transportation routes emerges as a viable solution for bolstering the sustainable ecotourism sector and addressing the transportation requisites of the local community. Additionally, these new transportation routes can yield positive outcomes for the safeguarding of conservation areas.

The influence of heavy shipping traffic on the structure and dynamics of sea ice in the southwestern Kara Sea

The development of the Northern Sea Route and the beginning of year-round transit shipping require not only the production of new icebreakers and ice-class vessels, but also the development of a specialized hydrometeorological support system for ice shipping. For the analysis of satellite data and the development and validation of ice forecasts, actual field data on the ice cover is required. This data can only be obtained from shipboard observations; however, scientific expeditions are rarely organized during the winter. In order to obtain new data over the area of intensive shipping, two expeditions were organized on board of nuclear icebreakers in the southwestern Kara Sea (“LED-SMP” expeditions) in 2023 and 2024. Specialized hydrometeorological maintenance of ice shipping in the southwestern Kara Sea together with the research expeditions “LED-SMP” carried out in the same place and time on board the nuclear icebreakers revealed the influence of the technogenic factor on the sea ice structure and dynamics was revealed. In winter and spring, two main routes are used for navigation in the southwestern Kara Sea: through the Kara Gate Strait and north of Cape Zhelaniya. In April 2024, a unique situation occurred when, due to the difficult ice conditions east of the Kara Gate Strait, the entire ship traffic was directed north of Cape Zhelaniya. In preparing a long-term ice forecast, it was noted that after the redirection the natural development of ice processes changed. At the beginning of the winter period 2024,

Factors Influencing Indonesian Sea Transportation Subsidy Policies for Regional Economic Growth

This research investigates the multifaceted factors influencing Indonesian sea transportation subsidy policies and their impact on regional economic growth. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, the study identifies key drivers such as political stability, regulatory efficiency, economic conditions, infrastructure development, and policy implementation mechanisms. Political stability was found crucial for ensuring policy consistency and investor confidence, while efficient regulatory frameworks streamlined subsidy allocations. Economic fluctuations, both global and domestic, significantly influenced resource allocations, underscoring the need for adaptive economic policies. Infrastructure investments emerged as pivotal in enhancing logistics efficiency and reducing operational costs, essential for fostering regional economic competitiveness. Effective policy implementation through transparency, accountability, and monitoring mechanisms was critical in maximizing socio-economic benefits. The findings underscore the importance of integrated policy approaches to address complex challenges and leverage opportunities for sustainable economic development in Indonesia's maritime sector.

Unpalatable Options: Confronting the Houthis

Attacks by the Houthis, an Iran-backed armed group from northwest Yemen and now its de facto governing authority, pose a significant threat to commercial shipping in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and therefore to the global economy. Washington faces a range of unpalatable options to deal with this threat. The current approach of limited American and British airstrikes is flawed, but the alternatives – no airstrikes or more airstrikes – are arguably worse. Under a more ambitious strategy, the United States would through diplomacy help rebuild the internationally recognised government of Yemen, which nominally brings together anti-Houthi factions but is in fact fragmented and weak. Only this option has a realistic prospect of modifying the balance of power inside Yemen and containing the Houthis’ regional threat. Otherwise, the Houthis are likely to consolidate power, which would be a tragedy for the Yemeni people given the brutality of Houthi rule, and present a perennial danger to regional security given their ambitions.

Sedimentation analysis in the shipping lanes of Tanjung Rhu Port, Belitung

Abstract Ports are a vital infrastructure needed to optimize the transportation and utilization of marine resources. As an essential means, shipping lanes must be in good condition so that the sea transportation process runs smoothly. This paper analyzes the sedimentation conditions in the shipping lane at the Tanjung Rhu port in Belitung. The investigation used a numerical model with Delft3D to predict shipping channel sedimentation over 10 years. Based on the simulation results, sedimentation occurred at the mouth of the shipping channel because the current speed was low in that area. This fact is due to conditions in the field, namely that it is difficult for ships to enter this route. Negligence can cause a ship to run aground, especially when seawater conditions are low.

Security in Neutrality: Chinese Engagement In the Middle East and the Red Sea Crisis

AbstractChina's interests have expanded rapidly in the Middle East since the turn of the century, and it is now the leading trade partner for many states in the region. The unrest sparked by the war between Israel and Hamas, including the Red Sea shipping crisis that imperils global trade, threatens those interests. The perceived absence of deep Chinese participation in trying to resolve these emergencies contrasts with previous peacekeeping efforts and raises questions about Beijing's willingness to take part in global‐security initiatives. This article analyzes variations in Chinese decision making on the use of force and diplomacy in the Middle East. Based on publicly available data, an examination of sources in English and Chinese, and interviews previously conducted in China, we develop a three‐pronged typology that explains Chinese strategic behavior in the region: military engagement, perceived free riding, and diplomacy. The article contributes to the literatures of security studies, Chinese foreign and military policy, and the security of the Middle East.

Analisis Keterlambatan Clearance in dan Clearance out Kapal Asing di PT. Pertamina Trans Kontinental Cabang Balikpapan

Sea transportation is in high demand in Indonesia due to the geographical conditions of the archipelago, low cost, and large carrying capacity. However, the development of international regulations has created a bureaucratic process that causes ship delays. Non-technical impacts also contribute to these delays. This study analyzes these factors to provide a basis for reducing ship delays that can lead to material losses, time, and opportunities. The research was conducted at PT. Pertamina Trans Continental Cab. Balikpapan during the author's job training from July 2022 to July 2023. Data were obtained through observations, interviews with staff, and secondary sources related to the thesis title. Using qualitative methods, this study focuses on delaying the clearance in and clearance out of foreign ships. Descriptive techniques include interviews, field observations, images, photographs, and video recordings. The results of the study revealed the main factors affecting the delays, such as bureaucratic and regulatory challenges, document availability, technical issues, and non-technical conditions such as weather and the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations include increased coordination between relevant authorities, development of integrated information systems, increased staff training, and infrastructure improvements.

The Impact of Education and Training, and Self-Efficacy on Employee Performance with Work Ability as an Intervening Variable

This study examines the impact of education training and self-efficacy on employee performance at the Directorate General of Sea Transportation Office in Merauke. The research aims to determine how these factors influence work ability and employee performance. Using a quantitative approach, the findings reveal that education, training, and self-efficacy positively and significantly affect work ability and employee performance. Additionally, work ability mediates these relationships. The study implies that organizations should invest in structured training programs and self-efficacy development to enhance employee performance. Further research should consider other factors that influence job motivation and work environment.

Legal Analysis of Consumer Protection Towards Passenger Safety in Sea Transportation

Legal Analysis of Consumer Protection Towards Passenger Safety in Sea Transportation