Sea Cucumber Resources Research Articles

Potensi Pengembangan Komoditas Teripang Pasir (Holothuria scabra Jaenger) secara Berkelanjutan dengan Model Integrasi Sea Farming di Kepulauan Padaido Kabupaten Biak Numfor

Sea cucumber is one of high value economic commodity due to not only having a fairly completed nutrition, but also used as the raw material for production of drugs, cosmetics and others. Therefore it becomes one of the highly potential export commodities. However, the target of catching sea cucumbers community intensively will give a negative impact on its sustainability. Sea cucumber has long been recognized and protected by the people in Padaido islands known as sasisen or sasi system. Although it has been conserved through sasisen system, but tends decline recently. This happen due to the high fishing activities by fisherman. Sea farming methods is a sea fisheries development concept in shallow waters such as the merger between aquaculture and capture fisheries by utilizing leading commodity in potential cultivation area. Sea farming is a system of utilization of marine ecosystem-based marine culture with the ultimate goal to improve the stock of fish (fish resources enhancement) to the sustainability of fisheries and other marine-based activities such as ecotourism. This paper will discuss the development opportunities of sea farming system that is integrated with the prevailing of local wisdom in Padaido Islands, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua, namely sasisen. This system works in conserving sea cucumber resources and increasing incomes of local communities in Padaido island through the creation of alternative livelihoods specifically in sea cucumber cultivation. Therefore, these models and approaches can be considered to manage coastal and marine resources in a sustainable way in Padaido Islands, Biak Numfor Regency.Key words: Sea cucumber, sustainable management, sasisen, Padaido Islands.

은신처 입구 크기와 재질에 따른 해삼(Apostichopus japonicus, Selenka)의 은신처 선호도

This study was conducted to examine several physical aspects of shelter design necessary for enhancing sea cucumber resources. Physical factors were restricted to hole sizes (0.0014, 0.0025 and 0.0079 ㎡) and materials (porous cement mortar, cement mortar and PVC) of blocks for shelter structure and focused on which hole shapes and sizes and block materials sea cucumbers prefer by water temperature (10, 15 and 20℃).BR A series of experiments were conducted in a recirculation aquaculture system with dimensions of 2100×1000×1100 mm. Observations of video camera footage were made of sea cucumber given the selection of experimental blocks with different materials, hole shapes and sizes. 70 sea cucumbers (36.37±5 g) were used for each experiment. The experiments were replicated 9 times. The numbers of the animals attracted by different blocks were observed and recorded in twice a day. BR The data were evaluated by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). More sea cucumbers were attracted in large size hole (P0.05) and rough surface of the shelter(P0.05) at 15 and 20℃. It was observed that the porous cement mortar was more suitable for shelter material to culture sea cucumber than cement mortar and PVC.

Ⅱ-2. ソロモン諸島におけるナマコ資源管理を通じた地域振興

Ⅱ-2. ソロモン諸島におけるナマコ資源管理を通じた地域振興

Adaptive and integrated culture production systems for the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra

Unregulated harvesting and trade have resulted in the depletion of the sea cucumber resources worldwide. Culture-based production and resource management systems are being developed to restore depleted populations and increase the supply of premium-grade sized Holothuria scabra. An adaptive and integrated socio-ecological framework to optimize production potentials and enhance sustainability through production clusters is proposed. The viability of this was tested in northern Palawan and south central Mindanao in partnership with commercial marine fish culture companies and small-scale fishers. The culture production system adopted in each site depended on existing facilities, climate and access to suitable nursery and grow-out areas. Adoption of different ocean nursery and grow-out systems, coupled with spatio-temporal planning reduced environmental constraints and increased juvenile production. Community trials validated that ocean-based systems can be readily adopted by small-scale fishers. The availability of a range of cost-effective production methods for post-metamorphic juveniles provided opportunity for participation of diverse stakeholders including small-scale fishers. Understanding of the biophysical and economic considerations for different production systems, and the relative capacity of stakeholders to manage threats, reduces their vulnerability to economic loses. Multi-sectoral involvement and multiplication of sandfish production clusters confer resilience for production systems and enable economies of scale while facilitating responsible management of genetic stocks.

Experimental test of optimal holding conditions for live transport of temperate sea cucumbers

Sea cucumber is one of the top five luxury seafoods in Asia and its commercialization primarily revolves around the processed body wall. Hence, live transport and storage of sea cucumbers prior to processing must preserve the condition of the body wall and underlying muscles. Unlike most commercial shellfish on which industry standards are chiefly based, sea cucumbers lack a protective exoskeleton and have the ability to autolyze. Here, we tested the efficacy of different live storage methods on Cucumaria frondosa, a commercial species that is widely distributed in the North Atlantic and the Arctic. Current technologies and low-cost variants were experimentally tested under conditions prescribed for the transport of seafood in Canada. Markers of post-storage health, body wall condition and muscle integrity were compared among treatments. The most common method currently in use (icing and salting) yielded the highest rates of mortality and skin necrosis, whereas iced seawater emerged as the best storage condition. These findings should help stakeholders adapt their methodologies to optimize the exploitation of temperate and cold-water sea cucumber resources.

STUDI EKOLOGI SUMBERDAYA TERIPANG DI NEGERI PORTO PULAU SAPARUA MALUKU TENGAH

Background: Decreasing of sea cucumber resources on numbers and size of fishing capture in Negeri Porto waters influenced its community structures. Further, water environment steadiness will questionable. For this reason, study was done to analyzed community structures of sea cucumbers include of numbers species found, density, potency, species presence frequency, distribute pattern, ecology index and environment measurement.
 Method: Research done on February to May, 2008 at Negeri Porto used Line Transect Method.
 Result: showed there were eight species of sea cucumbers found (potency as much as 12.286 individuals). Bohadschia marmorata got highest in numbers species found, density, potency and species presence frequency. There were three distribute pattern of sea cucumbers found wich are uniform, random and group.
 Conclusion: Sea cucumbers diversity was in lower, species are closed to compatible. B. marmorata and Holothuria edulis are tends to dominate this water. Environment factors such temperature, pH, salinity, DO, turbidity, current and sediment distribute showed that Porto waters was suitable to sea cucumbers growth.

Present status of the commercial sea cucumber fishery off the north-west and east coasts of Sri Lanka

The sea cucumber fishery has been providing an important means of livelihood to the coastal fishing communities in Sri Lanka for centuries. Stock status, level of exploitation and mortality parameters of eleven commercial sea cucumber species were studied off the north-west and the east coasts of Sri Lanka using data collected from an underwater visual census and fishery-dependent surveys carried out in 2008 and 2009. The total abundance of sea cucumbers was higher in the north-west than the east (P < 0.01). However, the total abundance of all the species declined between 2008 and 2009. The commercial fishery predominantly relies on two nocturnal species:Holothuria spiniferaandThelenota anax. Holothuria spiniferahad the highest contribution (73.2%) to the total landings in the north-west while this was provided byT. anax(93%) in the east. Both catch per unit effort and total landings declined in 2009 compared to 2008 having three exceptions (H. spinifera, Holothuria atraandStichopus chloronotus) in the north-west. Further, the collection of immature individuals, reduced landings of high-value species and temporal shifting of fishing activities were observed in both areas. Two approaches (simple linear regression and random effects models) were used to estimate the natural mortality of sea cucumbers and the estimated values were 0.50 yr−1and 0.45 yr−1, respectively. Apart from the management of local sea cucumber resources, this information is important to update the regional and global sea cucumber statistics as well as for launching regional management programmes.

SUMBERDAYA TERIPANG DI PERAIRAN TANJUNG PAI PADAIDO BIAK NUMFOR PAPUA

Sea Cucumber Resources At Tanjung Pai Waters Padaido Biak Numfor Papua. Observation on sea cucumber diversity was carried out at coastal waters of Pai and Imbeyomi Islands in the Padaido Island Biak Numfor. Sampling was done by using a transect quadrant of 1 m x 1 m. This sampling and observation on its microhabitat were conducted by snorkling. Analyses on the sea cucumber community structure were based on its frequency of occurance, diversity, and density. The results showed that at both locations 10 species of sea cucumber were found where Holothuria edulis, H. atra, and H. nobilis were predominant common and more evenly distributed than the other species. Keywords: Seacucumber, Tanjung Pai Padaido, Biak Numfor.