Hippophae Research Articles

Antioxidant activities of sea buckthorn polysaccharides and their potential application in cosmetic industry

BackgroundMany natural polysaccharides have been reported to protect against skin aging through antioxidant pathways, but sea buckthorn polysaccharides have been less well studied in terms of antioxidant activity, and the related studies are not well developed. ObjectiveBy examining the chemical structure of sea buckthorn polysaccharides, this research aimed to offer a scientific foundation for their use in cosmetics and explore the in vitro antioxidant potential of these polysaccharides. Materialsand Methods: We made SP (sea buckthorn crude polysaccharide) using both hot water extraction and ultrasonic extraction. Then, we used the anion exchange method to separate and purify it to get three different polysaccharides: SPA (polysaccharide eluted from deionized water), which is a neutral polysaccharide, and SPB (polysaccharides eluted from 0.1 M NaCl) and SPC (polysaccharide eluted from 0.2 M NaCl), which are acidic polysaccharides. The characteristics of the four polysaccharides (SP, SPA, SPB and SPC) were determined using high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and x-ray diffractometry (XRD). In vitro antioxidant assays were used to test their antioxidant activities. ResultsThe in vitro antioxidant assay showed that the four sea buckthorn polysaccharides (SP, SPA, SPB, and SPC) were good at getting rid of superoxide anion and DPPH radicals, especially ABTS radicals. They were also better at getting rid of free radicals than VC at low concentrations, and they were also good at reducing other molecules. ConclusionThese results showed that sea buckthorn polysaccharide has certain antioxidant activity; therefore, sea buckthorn polysaccharide has a strong potential to be applied in antioxidant and anti-aging functional cosmetics.

Compositional Characterization and Bioactive Potential of Two Bee Formulas with the Addition of Natural Oils

Bee products and natural oils are appreciated due to their beneficial effects on health, which are strongly related to several pharmacological and biological activities. The present study aimed to assess the bioactive potential of two bee products with the addition of natural oils, the first product consisting of honeydew honey, soft propolis extract and Thymus sp. (thyme) essential oil, whereas the second product comprises honeydew honey and Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) oil. In order to reach the proposed goal, the following analyses were carried out: determination of the physico-chemical parameters of the honeydew honey sample, used as a common basis for the two products; compositional analysis of sea buckthorn oil (total carotenoids, fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols) and thyme essential oil (organic compounds); evaluation of the total polyphenols and flavones/flavonols content; evaluation of the antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP methods). The results highlighted the superior quality and compliance with the legal framework of the honeydew honey sample and natural oils. Moreover, the two investigated products exhibited a rich content of bioactive compounds as well as good antioxidant activity.

Evaluation of the Effect of Sea Buckthorn Meal on Production Performance and Meat Chemical Composition in Broiler Chickens

The aim of the research was to highlight the effects of sea buckthorn meal on production and consumption indices and meat chemistry in broiler chickens. The research was carried out on 50 Ross-308 hybrid broiler chickens in two groups (25 heads/group): a control group and an experimental group (0.5% buckthorn meal) over a period of 28 days. During and at the end of the experiment, the following parameters were recorded and analysed: body mass development, daily growth gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and meat quality. The best results were recorded in the experimental group, with a body weight of 2683.24 g, an average daily gain of 79.48 g and a feed conversion index of 1.70. Meat quality was improved by increasing crude protein content in the experimental group. The addition of sea buckthorn meal had a favourable influence on the productive performance and meat quality of broiler chickens.

Visual analysis of sea buckthorn fruit moisture content based on deep image processing technology

The effect of moisture content changes during drying processing on the appearance of sea buckthorn was studied. Using computer vision methods and various image processing methods to collect and analyze images during the drying process of sea buckthorn fruit. Sea buckthorn is dried in a drying oven at a temperature of 65 °C and Level 1 wind speed conditions. The images of the entire drying process of sea buckthorn fruit were collected at 30-min intervals. Deep mining and transformation of image information through various image processing methods. By calibrating and modeling the color components, real-time online detection of the moisture content of sea buckthorn fruit can be achieved. After modeling, this article attempted to use LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) to predict the appearance of sea buckthorn fruit with supercritical moisture content. Different agricultural products adapt to different color spaces, but after standard modeling with a certain amount of data, applying color components to detect moisture content is a very good method.

Staged Temperature- and Humidity-Controlled Combined Infrared Hot-Air Drying (TH-IRHAD) of Sea Buckthorn Reduces Drying Time, Energy Consumption, and Browning

Sea buckthorn has garnered significant attention owing to its nutritional richness; however, it has a limited shelf life. In this study, the drying process of sea buckthorn was categorized into the first-, second-, and third-drying stages. Regression models were employed to examine the effects of the drying temperature, relative humidity of the medium, and prolonged high humidity retention on various parameters during the first- and second-drying stages. Comparative analysis revealed that the optimal drying conditions for the first-drying stage of sea buckthorn were a drying temperature of 80 °C, relative humidity of 28%, and high humidity retention time of 84 min. In the second-drying phase, the optimal conditions were a drying temperature of 78 °C, a relative humidity of 17%, and a high humidity retention time of 84 min. One-way optimization revealed that the optimal drying temperature for the third-drying stage was 70 °C. The implementation of temperature- and humidity-controlled infrared hot-air drying (TH-IRHAD) techniques considerably improved the outcomes. Specifically, the drying time, energy consumption, and degree of browning decreased by 34.43%, 36.29%, and 21.43%, respectively, whereas the brightness, rehydration ratio, total flavonoid content, and total phenol content increased by 8.94%, 16.99%, 20.57%, and 28.32%, respectively. Staged TH-IRHAD substantially reduced the drying duration, increased the efficiency, and enhanced the drying quality.

Evaluation and Control of Alternaria tenuissima Causing Leaf Spots in Blue Honeysuckle in China.

Blue honeysuckle is emerging as a popular edible fruit and is also used in folk medicine. However, from June to August 2021, a serious leaf-spot disease affected the yield and quality of blue honeysuckle in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; the species and characteristics of the pathogens responsible for the disease were unknown. In this study, 30 fungal isolates were obtained from infected blue honeysuckle leaves and identified as Alternaria tenuissima based on morphological and molecular characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to identify A. tenuissima as the causal agent of blue honeysuckle leaf spots in China. Pathogenicity tests of the isolates revealed that most isolates were moderately pathogenic. All blue honeysuckle cultivars tested were found to be susceptible to 30 A. tenuissima isolates. In addition, elder, Dahurian rose fruit, sea buckthorn, rowan, hawthorn, bird cherry, and sorb could be infected by A. tenuissima isolates, while European cranberry bush and Nanking cherry were not infected. A. tenuissima isolates were highly sensitive to prochloraz (EC50 ≤ 0.50 μg ml-1) with 86.21% efficacy at 400 μg ml-1 in the field trials. Therefore, crop rotation and application of chemical fungicides are considered to control the disease-causing leaf spots in blue honeysuckle. These results provide a basis for controlling A. tenuissima in blue honeysuckle in China.

Selection assessment of promising forms of natural Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae) populations and their offspring in the Kazakhstan Altai Mountains

Abstract. Vdovina TA, Isakova EA, Lagus OA, Sumbembayev AA. 2024. Selection assessment of promising forms of natural Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae) populations and their offspring in the Kazakhstan Altai Mountains. Biodiversitas 25: 1809-1822. This article presents the results of studying the genetic diversity of sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides L. in natural populations of the East Kazakhstan region. This made it possible to identify valuable forms based on which targeted breeding work was carried out. Selection work has shown that this species has a unique gene pool. As a result of the analytical selection of H. rhamnoides in the first, second, and third generations, promising seedlings were obtained: ´Podarok Bajtulinu Sh-9-81 (4-6) II´, ´Jubilejnaja Kotuhova T-2-82 (2-22) III´, ´Dolgozhdannaja ?5 (3-24) III´, ´Shetlastinka ?7 (2-24) III´, ´Nesravnennaja Sh-9-81 (3-27) III´, ´Krasavica Sh-9-81 (3-30) III´, ´Solnyshko Sh-12-81 (1-18) III´ with high yield, large fruits, long stalk and low fruit tearing force. Among the male plants, the following forms are distinguished: ´Gustoj Tuman T-2-82 (1-24) III´, ´Ljubimec T-17-82 (2-20) III´, ´Krasavchik K-8-82 (1-34) III´, ´Bogatyr' T-17-82 (2-20) III´ with high winter hardiness and pollen productivity. A scale has been developed for the force of fruit separation and the density of the “cob” for local forms. A selection achievement (variety) patent was received for the ´Jubilejnaja Kotuhova´ form. The next two forms (´Shetlastinka´ and ´Podarok Bajtulinu´) pass the state test for economic usefulness. The richest gene pool of sea buckthorn in the Altai mountainous country indicates its high heterogeneity.

Inquiry of modulatory role of sea buckthorn fruit oil on dyslipidemia and gut microbiota in hyperlipidemia mice

Inquiry of modulatory role of sea buckthorn fruit oil on dyslipidemia and gut microbiota in hyperlipidemia mice

Aqueous extract of Sea buckthorn berries: A greener and ecofriendly medium for synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidines

Sustainable development and environmental consciousness have become increasingly important, leading to a revolution of industrial processes and organic synthesis methods. The use of organic solvents and their associated emissions has emerged as a significant environmental issue. Consequently, there is a growing emphasis on finding substitutes for volatile solvents and halogenated organic solvents in various synthetic processes. This study focuses on a greener and more eco-friendly approach to synthesizing pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives using sea buckthorn aqueous extract as a sustainable medium. Sea buckthorn berries, rich in phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and vitamins A, C, E, along with high organic acid content, are conducive to multicomponent reactions. Pyrazolyl derivatives are of particular interest due to their role as essential components in various biologically active compounds. Overall, this methodology offers a green and environmentally sustainable alternative to current protocols, with positive implications for both sustainability and economic factors. Additionally, Sea buckthorn berry extract proves to be a recyclable medium, with minimal decrease in product yields upon recycling.

Sea Buckthorn Polysaccharide Ameliorates Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation and ulceration of the intestinal inner lining, resulting in various symptoms. Sea buckthorn berries contain a bioactive compound known as sea buckthorn polysaccharide (SBP). However, the precise mechanisms underlying the impact of SBP on UC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of pretreatment with SBP on colitis induced by DSS. Our findings demonstrate that SBP pretreatment effectively reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier damage associated with colitis. To further elucidate the role of SBP-modulated gut microbiota in UC, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on DSS-treated mice. The microbiota from SBP-treated mice exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, improves colonic barrier integrity, and increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria, as well as enhancing SCFA production. Collectively, these results strongly indicate that SBP-mediated amelioration of colitis is attributed to its impact on the gut microbiota, particularly through the promotion of SCFA-producing bacteria and subsequent elevation of SCFA levels. This study provides compelling evidence supporting the efficacy of pre-emptive SBP supplementation in alleviating colitis symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota, thereby offering novel insights into the potential of SBP as a regulator of the gut microbiota for colitis relief.

In vivo evidence of sea buckthorn relieving oxidative stress and improving immune performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

Sea buckthorn has the functions of antioxidation, antitumor, anti-inflammation and regulating energy metabolism. In order to investigate the effects of sea buckthorn powder and sea buckthorn flavonoids on the antioxidant properties, immune function and muscle fatty acid composition of common carp, an oral feeding experiment was carried out. The administration of glucose significantly reduced the levels of glutathione and the activity of total antioxidant capacity enzyme in serum and hepatopancreas, while concurrently upregulating the level of malondialdehyde (MDA)(P < 0.05). Conversely, oral intake of sea buckthorn powder and flavonoids increased antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased MDA levels. In terms of antioxidant molecular indicators, sea buckthorn powder and sea buckthorn flavonoids significantly increased the mRNA levels of nuclear factor NF-E2-related factor (nrf2) in the hepatopancreas and muscle. Meanwhile, mRNA expression levels of downstream antioxidant-related genes (gr, cat, gpx, and sod) regulated by Nrf2 were also upregulated. In the immune aspects, the mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (il-6), interleukin-1β (il-1β) and nuclear factor-κB (nf-κb), were reduced but the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as growth factor-β (tgf-β) and interleukin-10 (il-10), were enhanced in the head kidney and spleen tissues after oral administration with sea buckthorn. In terms of muscle fatty acid composition, the ratio of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/n-6 PUFA was notably higher after administering sea buckthorn flavonoids than that of the glucose group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that oral administration of sea buckthorn powder and sea buckthorn flavonoids significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immune response and improved the muscle fatty acid compositions in common carp, and also mitigated the adverse effects of glucose treatment to a certain extent. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Fatty acid composition of fruit pulp oil and seeds of sea buckthorn selection

Fatty acid composition of fruit pulp oil and seeds of sea buckthorn selection

Flavonoid Compounds in Hippophae rhamnoides L. Protect Endothelial Cells from Oxidative Damage Through the PI3K/AKT-eNOS Pathway.

Sea buckthorn, a traditional medicinal plant, has been used for several years in China for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, a practice closely associated with its significant antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of sea buckthorn flavonoids on vascular endothelial cells in an oxidative stress environment. We isolated and extracted active compounds from sea buckthorn and investigated their impact on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity through the PI3K/AKT-eNOS signaling pathway through a combination of network pharmacology and cellular experiments, elucidating the regulatory effects of these compounds on endothelial cell functions. Three flavonoids, named Fr.4-2-1, Fr.4-2-2 and Fr.4-2-3, were obtained from sea buckthorn. The results of network pharmacology indicated that they might exert their effects by regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In vitro results showed that all three flavonoids were effective in alleviating the degree of oxidative stress in cells, among which Fr.4-2-1 exerted its antioxidant effects by modulating the PI3K/AKT-eNOS pathway. Flavonoids in sea buckthorn can effectively inhibit oxidative stress-induced cellular damage, preserving the integrity and functionality of endothelial cells, which is crucial for maintaining vascular health and function.

Phenolic compounds in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and their health‐promoting activities: a review

SummarySea buckthorn (SB) is used in cuisines and herbal remedies due to its remarkable nutritional composition and health‐enhancing properties. The phenolic compounds present in SB plant include phenolic acids (gallic, p‐coumaric, protocatechuic and ferulic acids), flavonols (isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol), flavan‐3‐ols and polymeric procyanidins. The highest content of these compounds was reported in branches and leaves than corresponding edible parts of the plant. The antioxidant properties of SB are related to content and composition of phenolic compounds in different plant parts. The studies reported SB flavonoids (isorhamnetin and quercetin) as main phenolic compounds with medicinal potential and health‐promoting effects. The present review summarises information available in recent studies on phenolic composition, phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and health‐promoting activities (anti‐oxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic and obesity management) of SB that can be used in curtailing various acute and chronic maladies. SB can be projected as a promising source of bioactive constituents with the potential to be used in healthy foods for beneficial effects on human health.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Hippophae tibetana provides insights into high-altitude adaptation and flavonoid biosynthesis

BackgroundAs an endemic shrub of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), the distribution of Hippophae tibetana Schlecht. ranges between 2800 and 5200 m above sea level. As the most basal branch of the Hippophae genus, H. tibetana has an extensive evolutionary history. The H. tibetana is a valuable tree for studying the ecological evolution of species under extreme conditions.ResultsHere, we generated a high-quality chromosome-level genome of H. tibetana. The total size of the assembly genome is 917 Mb. The phylogenomic analysis of 1064 single-copy genes showed a divergence between 3.4 and 12.8 Mya for H. tibetana. Multiple gene families associated with DNA repair and disease resistance were significantly expanded in H. tibetana. We also identified many genes related to DNA repair with signs of positive selection. These results showed expansion and positive selection likely play important roles in H. tibetana’s adaptation to comprehensive extreme environments in the QTP. A comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analysis identified 49 genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in H. tibetana. We generated transgenic sea buckthorn hairy root producing high levels of flavonoid.ConclusionsTaken together, this H. tibetana high-quality genome provides insights into the plant adaptation mechanisms of plant under extreme environments and lay foundation for the functional genomic research and molecular breeding of H. tibetana.

An insight into the association between volatile and other active components of sea buckthorn berries in barren soils of western China

Eight sea buckthorn samples growing in western China were comprehensively studied. The contents of terpenoids in Hippophae gyantsensis accounted for 24.83%. The volatile compound contents of Hippophae neurocarpa and Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. turkestanica reached more than 55 mg/kg. Furthermore, the lightly spiced refreshing scent of Hippophae neurocarpa was attributed to the presence of 1-octen-3-ol, isovaleraldehyde, 2-nonenal and styrene. And Hippophae gyantsensis had a fresher aroma due to its rich terpenoids, such as caryophyllene and humulene. These made it possible for them to be processed into essential oils. Similarly, Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis may be more suitable for the development and utilization of antioxidants due to its high level of polyphenols and flavonoids. And Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. turkestanica can be used to produce juice and fruit powder. The potential relationship between volatile and major nonvolatile compounds was preliminarily explored by partial least squares regression and the results indicated that fructose and glucose were mainly in connection with terpenoids. Polyphenols, flavonoids, malic acid and inositol may reduce the volatility of volatiles. Therefore, the volatile compound contents of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis were less than 20 mg/kg.

Management of marketing activities in agricultural enterprises producing white sea buckthorn

Marketing management in a practical sense means management that uses marketing concepts, i.e. the management of an enterprise that has adopted and uses the marketing view or philosophical vision of marketing in its development process. The management of marketing activity of the enterprise in which there is the branch of production of white currant there must be organizational structures through which each employee, with different functions, level of training and duties, has the opportunity and obligation to act on the basis of marketing strategies, as well as responsibility centers. The concept of actively influencing market requirements also implies effective management of specialized marketing activity, i.e. activities related to product, pricing, placement and promotion policies. In order to establish appropriate management of marketing activity and to position it as effectively as possible in the organizational chart of an agricultural enterprise in which there is a white currant production branch, it is specific, first of all, to analyses the background parts of the constituent elements of the environment with which it operates in order to be able to establish strategic lines, which need to correspond to the appropriate form of organization. In the given article, the authors intend to identify and propose solutions to some problems, which, in essence, represent a diagnostic analysis of the enterprise, the results of which indicate one of the options for the organization of marketing activity and marketing department or specialist in agricultural enterprises.

Influence of mining on vegetation in semi-arid areas of western China based on the coupling of above ground and below ground – A case study of Daliuta coalfield

Underground mining operations are known to result in extensive surface subsidence, introducing a multitude of disturbances to surface vegetation, with particularly severe environmental impacts in the fragile ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions. This study focuses on the Daliuta mining area located in semi-arid zones, selecting four distinct areas for data analysis. Areas A, B, and C fall within the mining perimeter and have all been affected by mining-related disturbances. Following coal extraction, Areas A and B underwent artificial rehabilitation measures, including fracture infilling and sea buckthorn plantation; Area C was left in its natural state without any artificial interference. Area D, unaffected by mining activities, was designated as the control group. The research utilized 60 Landsat satellite images spanning from 1988 to 2022. Employing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC), the study classified the experimental zone’s vegetation cover and degradation into six levels, ranging from low to high. By comparing the average vegetation cover over an extended period, changes across different vegetation cover levels, and the degree of vegetation degradation before and after mining, the study assessed the impact of underground mining on surface vegetation. The conclusions drawn are as follows: Mining operations caused significant damage to the vegetation in Areas A and B, yet artificial restoration measures notably improved the vegetation quality, with an overcompensation effect observed in Area A, suggesting the potential for ecological restoration efforts to create a vegetative environment that exceeds its original condition in the long term. Mining activities also induced continuous ecological adverse effects in Area C, but the natural regeneration process progressively restored the vegetation to pre-mining levels over time. Based on these findings, the study reveals the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation damage and recovery across different mining periods and land reclamation stages. It proposes a restoration strategy for mine areas in semi-arid regions that prioritizes natural regeneration supported by artificial guidance. This work provides valuable insights and guidance for assessing the impact of underground coal mining on surface vegetation in semi-arid areas, as well as for the rehabilitation and ecological reconstruction of mine areas, emphasizing the necessity and urgency of conducting environmental assessments and implementing restoration measures.

Fuel-use strategies at ultrahigh elevations on the Tibetan Plateau since the last deglaciation

Often referred to as the “Third Pole”, the Tibetan Plateau combines high elevation, extreme cold temperatures, hyper-aridity, and low oxygen levels. The strategy that early populations adopted to adapt to the harsh environment of the Tibetan Plateau has always attracted much attention. However, relevant studies have predominantly focused on the relatively lower elevation northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau (<3000 m a.s.l.), with limited study in areas of ultrahigh elevation (>3500 m a.s.l.). This paper employed the flotation method and charcoal analysis of survey profiles from thirteen archaeological sites in the ultrahigh-elevation region of the middle Yarlung Zangbo River basin on the southern Tibetan Plateau, and finds that ancient people have been active in this region since the last deglaciation. The primary fuel sources used by ancient populations were small trees such as sea buckthorn (Hippophae gyantsensis) and shrubs such as juniper (Juniperus). The widespread use of undesirable wood (dwarf thorny shrub) like Sophora moorcroftiana and Caragana, along with the phenomenon of many sites relying on a single taxon, reflects the prevalent issue of fuel scarcity in this ultrahigh-elevation region. This might have been a driving factor for the early adoption of animal dung as a primary fuel source by ancient populations on the southern Tibetan Plateau.

Development of Novel Cost Efficient Process for Extraction of Sterols and Tocopherols from Wild Plant Seed

The present work focuses on the compositional characterization of tamarind and sea buckthorn seed oils, which have a wide range of uses in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food sectors. The characterization includes the analysis of tocopherols, sterols and fatty acid profile in both oils. The tamarind and sea buckthorn oils were converted to fatty acid methyl ester and the fatty acid composition was analyzed by using gas chromatography technique. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of tocopherols performed using high performance liquid chromatography. This study reveals that the oil samples consist of a variety of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, such as myristic acid (0 and 0.4%), palmitic acid (11 and 30.5%), palmitoleic (0 and 39.6%) stearic acid (0 and 0.5%), oleic acid (18.3 and 26.1%), linoleic acid (45.8 and 2.1%), linolenic acid (4.1% and 0.5%), arachidic acid (1.8% and 0%) behenic acid (9.6 and 0%) and lignoceric acid (9.4 and 0%). Additionally, the analysis detects various tocopherol components, including α-tocopherol (21.4 and 32.6%), β-tocopherol (14.49 and 7.24%), γ-tocopherol (53.72 and 45.66%), δ-tocopherol (9.64 and 9.11%) and α-tocotrienol (0 and 5.13%) in tamarind and sea buckthorn oil, respectively.