Sea Area Utilization Research Articles

Impact of the development and utilization of coastal areas of Liaodong Bay on the environmental quality of seawater

Through variance decomposition, we investigated the impact of the rate of development and utilization intensity of coastal areas and the economic and industrial structure and spatial location on the environmental quality of seawater. The water quality of Liaodong Bay coastal waters was evaluated using the comprehensive water quality evaluation index, Nemerow index, and principal component analysis. Dalian and Huludao were found to have significantly better water quality than Panjin, Yingkou, and Jinzhou near the Liaohe Estuary. Marine functional areas and seawater quality index were spatially correlated, and the intensity of sea area development and utilization had a significant positive correlation with the comprehensive evaluation index of seawater quality and Nemerow index. The per capita gross domestic product of coastal cities and seawater quality index followed an "inverted U-shaped" Kuznets curve. Variance decomposition analysis showed that the intensity of sea area development and utilization cumulatively explained 42.3% of the changes in water quality, while the economic and industrial structure cumulatively explained 31.8%. The direct impact of sea area development and utilization intensity and economic and industrial structure contributed 16.5%, while the interaction between natural geographical location and sea area development and utilization intensity and economic and industrial structure cumulatively explained 58.9% of the changes. Our results strongly support management and control of sea reclamation, comprehensive management of coastal waters, and optimization of coastal industrial structure to improve the environmental quality of coastal waters.

Preliminary Study on the Co-Location Offshore Wind and Wave Farms in Zhejiang Province

With the commercialization of offshore wind and the continued advancement of wave energy technologies, the option of locating both in the same sea area has emerged. The joint development of offshore wind and wave energy can effectively address the challenges faced by offshore wind and wave energy development, reduce costs, and improve the stability of power generation and output. This article introduces the current status of sea area utilization and marine functional zoning in Zhejiang Province and proposes a site selection method to identify the most suitable sea area for the construction of co-located offshore wind and wave farms in Zhejiang. First, a geographic information systems database was developed to identify unsuitable areas for co-located offshore wind and wave farms. Then, a literature review was conducted to establish a system of resource, economic, and technical selection indicators, and the Delphi method was used to determine the weight of each indicator. Finally, the sea areas suitable for the construction of co-located offshore wind and wave farms were evaluated and ranked, and the order of power plant development was given. The results of the study illustrate the potential of developing co-located offshore wind and wave farms in Zhejiang, especially in the northern part of Zhoushan and the southern part of Taizhou.

A Decision Support System for Marine Regulation

The implementation of marine spatial data management and decision support based on GIS provides a powerful tool for marine regulation. This study constructed a three-dimensional spatiotemporal data model of marine resources that is hierarchical, partitioned, and classified according to the management principle of using an underground resource layer, surface matrix layer, surface overburden layer, and management layer, taking the marine resource entity as the unit. Key research topics include marine multi-source information integration, visual expression, and spatiotemporal topology analysis for typical application scenarios such as sea area use, island development and utilization, and marine environmental monitoring and protection. The study developed a marine information decision support system with comprehensive integration and visual analysis of information on maritime islands, early warning and monitoring, the marine economy, and the marine environment. The system was applied to dynamic regulation of sea area use, spatiotemporal characteristic analysis of marine resources, the regulation of human activities in marine protected areas, and the monitoring of sea level rise. Practice has proved that a three-dimensional spatiotemporal data model of marine resources can meet the application requirements of “One Map”, the basic land and spatial information platform.

How Should the Effectiveness of Marine Functional Zoning in China Be Evaluated? Taking Wenzhou Marine Functional Zoning as an Example

Marine functional zoning is a basic form of marine management proposed and organized by the Chinese government in the late 1980s, and the third round of planning and implementation has been completed. Effectiveness evaluation of marine functional zoning is an important tool to supervise the implementation of marine functional zoning and improve the level of marine management. For the first time, based on the concept of consistency, based on the planning blueprint, with the sea area use compliance, environmental quality compliance and development and utilization impact as the evaluation benchmark, this paper attempts to integrate and construct the coordination discrimination method of sea area utilization status and marine functional zoning, that is, the coordination index of marine functional zoning, and takes Wenzhou as an example. The research shows that the coordination index of marine functional zoning in Wenzhou is 0.81 during the planning period, and the implementation effect of marine functional zoning is good. Empirical research shows that this evaluation method can provide basic guidance for scientific compilation and effective implementation of marine spatial planning.

Seaweed farming and seaweed capture fishermen phenomenon in Sebatik Strait, Nunukan Regency

Nunukan Regency - North Kalimantan, is currently one of the biggest producers of Kappaphycus alvarezii in Indonesia. The large number of seaweed farmers showed that the seaweed business economically increases the Nunukan and surrounding community’s income. An interesting phenomenon in the Nunukan Regency is the fishermen who capturing seaweed drifted due to sea currents. Conflicts of sea area utilization are still an issue in Sebatik Strait. This paper aims to analyze the prevalence of conflicts arising from space competition between seaweed catcher and seaweed farmer. This study was conducted using existing field data and reviewing secondary data usinga descriptive and quantitative approach. The field data was obtained by in-depth interviews and distributed questionnaires to seaweed farmers and seaweed stakeholders in Nunukan region. The recommendations for seaweed business development strategies are divided into three strategies: short-term, mid-term, and long-term strategies in the Sebatik Strait, presented at the end of this paper.

A Study on Improvement Plan for Sediment Environmental Guidelines in the Sea Area Utilization Consultation System

A Study on Improvement Plan for Sediment Environmental Guidelines in the Sea Area Utilization Consultation System

Allocation of Sea Space Resources Based on Factor Endowments: a Numerical Example

A model of sea space resource allocation is constructed based on the idea of factor endowment theory. The effect of the model is explained by a numerical example. According to the theory of factor endowment, each sea area has the advantage of abundant factor intensive sea area utilization type. Each region should put more factors into the advantageous sea area utilization type. Compared with the output of the sea area utilization type with no advantages produced on its own self, the opportunity cost of obtaining the output of the sea area utilization type with no advantages through exchange is lower. The result of the numerical example shows that the total output of the two sea areas increases based on factor endowment allocation of sea resources. Both regions also achieved a win-win situation, with each region increasing its income by exchanging the output of sea use.

An Optimal Allocation Model of Sea Area Utilization Based on Factor Endowment

Factor endowment characteristics are important factors to be considered in Marine zoning and Marine spatial planning. How to allocate marine space resources is an important issue in Marine zoning and Marine spatial planning. In this paper, an optimal allocation model of sea area utilization is constructed based on factor endowment. According to the difference of factor endowment of different sea areas and the difference of factor structure of intensive use of different sea areas, the model realizes the division of sea area utilization among different sea areas which giving full play to the advantages of factor endowments of sea areas in various regions and improving the utilization efficiency of sea areas. It can provide theoretical reference for Marine zoning and Marine spatial planning.

Research on Optimal Allocation of Sea Area Utilization Based on Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study of Dengsha Estuary Sea Area

Optimal allocation of sea area utilization is a necessary method to coordinate the conflicts between different departments and realize the dual goals of development and ecological protection. This paper presents an optimal allocation method of sea area utilization based on genetic algorithm. Taking the estuarine sea area of Dengsha Estuary Sea Area as an example, the empirical study was conducted. The results show that the sea area utilization optimization allocation method based on genetic algorithm can produce the optimization result scheme with higher comprehensive benefit and lower ecological loss based on the initial scheme. Under the guidance of constraint conditions, the problem of conflicts between different departments can be solved by optimizing the spatial distribution and the demand of each department can be fully met. Different spatial distribution optimization alternatives can be produced under the same sea area utilization structure.

Optimizing Allocation of Sea Area Utilization Based on Genetic Algorithm

Optimal allocation of sea area utilization solves the problem of quantity allocation and spatial distribution of sea area used by various departments. It is a necessary method to coordinate the conflicts between different departments and realize the dual goals of development and ecological protection. This paper presents an optimal allocation method of sea area utilization based on genetic algorithm. The basic principle and solving process of optimal allocation of sea area utilization based on genetic algorithm are described. The fitness evaluation model, genetic operator and constraint conditions are designed.

Spatiotemporal changes caused by the intensive use of sea areas in the liaoning coastal economic zone of China.

Oceans and their resources are experiencing immense pressure because of human exploitation. The intensive use of sea areas has become an important method in solving the contradiction between ocean supply and demand, thereby ensuring sustainable marine economy development, tapping potential sea-area utilization, reasonably allocating sea-area utilization structures, and increasing marine economic benefits. This paper explores the definition and connotation of intensive sea-area use and constructs an evaluation index system based on marine input intensity, marine utilization structure, marine economic benefit, and marine ecological environment. Multi-objective variable fuzzy set theory and fuzzy decision analysis methods were used to evaluate the intensive sea-area utilization in the Liaoning Coastal Economic Zone of China during 2004–2016. The spatial differentiation characteristics of intensive sea-area use were analysed using cluster analysis. The research result showed that: (1) Intensive utilization level of the Liaoning coastal economic zone has gradually increased, while it is still in a moderately weak level; (2) Sea area intensive utilization varied in degrees and fluctuates in the six cities under the jurisdiction of the Liaoning coastal economic zone; and (3) Marine input intensity, marine utilization structure, marine economic benefit, and marine sustainability indexes have increased in the cities, thereby exhibiting improvements in the Liaoning coastal economic zone.

Analysis of Coupling Co-Ordination between Intensive Sea Use and the Marine Economy in the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt of China

At present, there are few relevant studies on the intensive sea use, and few scholars have provided qualitative and quantitative research examples on the interaction and interaction coupling relationship between intensive sea use and the marine economy. This study constructs comprehensive evaluation indicator systems using the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt as the research object. The set pair analysis method is used to obtain comprehensive results, and the coupling coordination degree model is employed to carry out an in-depth analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the interaction between intensive sea use and the marine economy. The results show the following. (1) The six cities in the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt exhibited a fluctuating upward trend in the composite index for intensive sea use, but the intensive sea use level differed among the cities. The intensive sea use level of Huludao was the lowest among the six cities. (2) All cities in the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt witnessed an upward trend in the marine economy development index, and the gaps between the cities gradually narrowed. The marine economy development index was ranked from top to bottom as follows: Jinzhou, Panjin, Dalian, Yingkou, Dandong, and Huludao. (3)The coupling coordination degree between intensive sea use and marine economy development was relatively stable in Dalian, Jinzhou, Yingkou, and Panjin, ranging approximately from 0.76 to 0.96, which indicates that the four cities witnessed good coordination between sea area utilization and marine economy development. The coupling coordination degree of Dandong and Huludao were relatively low, and Huludao consistently witnessed a low value.

Temporal and Spatial Variation Patterns of the Environmental Elements in the Sediments of the Liaohe Estuary and the Related Influencing Factors

Remote sensing images, field survey data, and historical monitoring data are collected to analyze the historical change trend and spatial variation rules of sediment quality of the Liaohe Estuary and further investigate the effects of sea-area utilization type and vegetation succession stage on the variation patterns of environmental elements in the sediments. The results showed that the quality of the sediments in the Liaohe Estuary is overall favorable, and the average contents of various elements all satisfy the quality standards of first-grade sediments. The nutritive elements in the sediments exhibit obvious zonal distribution patterns, while heavy metals are randomly distributed and exhibit no obvious patterns. The effect of sea-area utilization type on the enrichment of pollutants in the sediments exhibits certain significant differences, suggesting that the distributions of heavy metals and pollutants are subject to human activities and exhibit certain randomness. The main control factors are significantly different at different vegetation succession stages. Specifically, the vegetation distribution in the initial succession stage is mainly affected by salinity; with the transition from halophytic vegetation to terrestrial vegetation, the inherent correlation between vegetation distribution characteristics and the contents of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus increase gradually. Meanwhile, the content of heavy-metal pollutants exhibits no significantly inherent correlation between the distributions of the plant community.

해양환경영향평가에 적용되는 수치해석기법 사례 분석 및 개선방안–항만공간을 중심으로

In order to predict an marine environmental change, the numerical analysis methods have been essentially applying to the marine environmental assessment. However, there are still not enough to credibility about the results, especially the different results for the same predict area are one of the serious problems to decrease the reliability of the results. In order to find out the problems and measures, we analyzed 352 documents of Sea Area Utilization Consultation and Environmental Impact Assessment from the 2012 year to the 2017 year, where the results were including state-owned fishery ports 100, local fishery ports 67, international trade ports 135, and coastal ports 50. The 16 ports (4 state-owned fishery ports, 3 local fishery ports, 5 international trade ports, and 4 coastal port) were duplicated assessment, especially Busan Port was assessed 37 times in duplicate, and the results were different at each evaluation. There was a low confidence about the results and the reasons why these problems continually happen are there are not a proper guideline to follow and sufficient specialists. In order to handle to these problems, there should be the proper guideline and also provided enough specialists.

Spatio-temporal Change and Carrying Capacity Evaluation of Human Coastal Utilization in Liaodong Bay, China from 1993 to 2015

In China, promoting the development of coastal areas has been included in a series of national strategic development plans. At the same time, many marine environmental problems have been associated with the rapid development of coastal sea use. In order to quantify the impact of human activities on the coast, the characteristics of coastlines and near-shore sea use of Liaodong Bay, Northeast China, were first classified using multi-source, remotely sensed imagery using automatic or semi-automatic extraction methods for five periods between 1993 and 2015. Sea use dynamics and coastline dynamics resulting from human activates were analyzed. Results showed a significant trend of continuous growth in sea use and a progressive increase in the total length of artificial coastline, but a noticeable loss of natural coastline during the five periods. Reclaimed land and enclosed areas were the main types of sea use. Most coastal human activities were distributed in the northern part of the bay. In recent years, rapid industrialization and urbanization in China’s coastal areas have promoted large-scale land reclamation. Accordingly, the observed coastline changes during each period had a close relationship with coastal development and sea area utilization. Based on marine functional zoning (MFZ), the sea use carrying capacity was evaluated by means of indexes to describe human exploitation of the marine and coastal environments in the bay. This showed that the intensity of coastal utilization in Liaodong Bay has increased year-on-year. Sea use carrying capacity reached a ‘critically loaded’ state by 2008 and was ‘overloaded’ by 2015.

The Problems and its Improvement of Sea Area Utilization Consultation and Impact Assessment for Projects Related to Marine Environment Restoration

The Problems and its Improvement of Sea Area Utilization Consultation and Impact Assessment for Projects Related to Marine Environment Restoration

Socio economic assessment of seaweed farming in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan

The high demand of seaweed had encouraged the farmers to expand their cultivation area, cause the spatial & temporal labor migration, water quality degradation, and destruction of the mangrove ecosystem. This research aims to provide information about seaweed cultivation in Nunukan for better management and planning for seaweed business sustainability. This research was conducted in April and May 2018 with 89 respondents. The result showed that the labor origin for seaweed farming mainly from South Sulawesi or from the illegal Indonesian Worker in Sabah - Malaysia. There are a big number of fishing boats capturing drifted seaweed in Ambalat and Karang Unaran water. This activity occurs due to the presence of “dead water” and “tide water” in Sebatik Strait. Seaweed farming cycle is about 35 days with an average number of ropes 500 – 600 per farm. There are 2,033 seaweed farms, which required 16,284 workers per year. The money circulation in seaweed business was estimated to be more than IDR 3.05–4.57 billion a month. This research recommends the local government to develop seaweed cultivation zoning to avoid conflict of sea area utilization and to improve marine water quality as well as to guarantee the sustainability of seaweed investment and business in Nunukan.

해역이용협의제도 정비 및 개선을 통한 통합 해양환경영향평가체계 발전방안

해역이용협의제도 정비 및 개선을 통한 통합 해양환경영향평가체계 발전방안

Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of Sea Area Utilization in Liaoning Province

This paper constructs a comprehensive benefit evaluation index system for sea area utilization, and applies the statistical data of Liaoning Province in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. The entropy weight method is used to calculate the index weight, and the comprehensive benefit evaluation index and coordination index are used. Sea area utilization com pre hensive benefit evaluation. The results showed that the comprehensive benefits of sea area utilization in Liaoning Province ranged from 0.31 to 0.66. The increase in overall efficiency is mainly due to the substantial increase in economic and social benef its. The coordination degree index presents extremely inconsistent coordination - coordination - a highly coordinated - basic coordination process. While the economic and social benefits are improving, the benefits of the ecological environment are gradu ally declining, and the downward trend has not yet been contained and should be taken seriously.

Development and Transformation of Marine Fishery in China

With rapid development of marine economy in China in the last 20 years, marine fishery as traditional marine industry is facing the transformation situation. This article reviewed the recent development of marine fishery in China, analyzed reasons for the transformation of marine fishery and discussed the proposals for the transformation. It is concluded that in facing the challenges of increasing contradictions in sea area utilization, deterioration of sea water quality and the uncertainty demand of international market, marine fishery should transform to develop pelagic aquaculture and promote international cooperation, develop recreational fishery in coastal city area and exploit the domestic market.