Distribution Of Se Research Articles

Selenium accumulation in plant foods and selenium intake of residents in a moderately selenium-enriched area of Mingyueshan, Yichun, China

The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of total, organic and inorganic selenium (Se) in edible plants and surrounding soils of a moderately Se-enriched area of Mingyueshan (Yichun, China). The absorption and transport capacity of Se in plants as well as the total daily intake Se by local residents consuming the studied plants were investigated. A total of 167 samples were collected from 31 plants and their surrounding soils and measured by inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICPMS) and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. Selenium, mainly in organic form, was detected in most samples. Most plants were found to easily absorb inorganic Se from the soil, and based on the absorption and transport capacity, the Se distribution was as follows: root > leaf > stem or rhizome > fruit. The total daily intake of Se by local residents consuming the studied plans was 50 µg, mainly owing to Oryza sativa and leafy vegetables.

Selenium concentrations in coals and fly ashes from coal fired thermoelectric power plants in Bulgaria

The study present new data regarding concentration and distribution of Se in feed coals and fly ashes from seven Bulgarian coal fired thermoelectric power plant (TPPs). The investigation was performed on feed coals and fly ashes from the following TPPs – Maritza East 2, Maritza East 3, Maritza 3, Republika, Bobov Dol, Varna and Russe. Bulk fly ash from Maritza East 2 and Maritza East 3 TPPs and fly ash samples from each row of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) from Republika, Bobov Dol, Varna and Russe TPPs were collected. Feed coals were also sampled from each TPPs. In order to determine Se concentration more precisely the samples were pre-treated before applying ICP-MS. As a result of the conducted research, the following regularities were established. Elevated amount of Se has been found in the lignite burned in Maritza East 2 and 3 TPPs, while in the bituminous coal burned in Varna and Russe TPPs Se is within the average and below average Se content. The low content of Se in fly ashes from almost all TPPs was observed, except Maritsa 3 TPP, where Se is from 4 to 7 times higher than Clarke value. It was found that the highest concentration of Se is in the finest fly ash fraction.

Novel multifunctional natural selenium supplement development, in vitro and in vivo analysis, and risk-benefit assessment: Selenium-enriched chicory as a case study

Selenium (Se) is essential for the modification of human life functions and has a double-edged sword effect. However, the development of Se supplements for both medicinal and dietary is rare. Critical in vivo and in vitro correlation studies still unexplored. In this study, we developed Se-enriched chicory for the first time using chicory as a model plant. The distribution of Se and its species transformation were elucidated. In vivo and in vitro absorption correlation, safety and risk-benefit management were also focused. Results in this study showed that foliar Se application is more beneficial for cultivating Se-enriched chicory compared to root application. What is striking is SeIV converted to SeVI, SeMet, SeCys2 and SeMeCys in chicory, which is more favorable for human absorption and reduces toxicity. In gastric phase in vitro, Se from Se-enriched chicory exhibited high bioaccessibility (79.4%). The relative bioavailability of liver and kidneys as effect endpoints in vivo at high exposure to Se with 76.5%. In addition, this study first analyzed and established robust in vivo-in vitro correlations of Se in Se-enriched chicory. The prediction model for liver-gastric fluid had the best correlation (R2 = 0.853, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, graded assessment strategy revealed that the risk-benefit of Se-enriched chicory for dietary and TCM needs to be balanced separately. All evidence suggests that Se-enriched chicory could be a new candidate plant for Se supplements in the event of Se deficiency. This research will provide cases and insights into future studies and reduce the uncertainty of Se intake risk and benefit assessment from Se-enriched products.

Enrichment and Distribution of Selenium in Pediococcus acidilactici MRS-7: Impact on Its Biochemical Composition, Microstructure, and Gastrointestinal Survival.

Lactic acid bacteria can convert selenium (Se) from inorganic to organic and elemental forms, but the distribution and existence form of organic Se in the bacteria are not clear after Se enrichment, and the effects of selenization on the growth and nutritional value of strains also need to be studied. In this study, Pediococcus acidilactici MRS-7 could absorb up to 67% of inorganic Se and convert most of it into organic Se; about 75% of organic Se was selenoprotein, 2.7% was Se-polysaccharide, and 4.6% was Se-nucleic acid. Additionally, Se-enriched treatment increased the levels of amino acids and essential elements in P. acidilactici MRS-7. Finally, after Se enrichment, Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) were found on the surface of P. acidilactici MRS-7, but they had no harmful effect on its morphology, and its survival during gastrointestinal digestion was not affected, indicating that SeP has potential probiotic value in the food industry.

Vertical distribution and major influencing factors of soil selenium in tropical climate: A case study of Chengmai County, Hainan Island

Soil selenium is of great significance to human health. Soil-forming parent rocks are the most critical factor that influences soil Se levels. Chengmai County, Hainan Island, has a tropical climate and diverse types of parent rocks, in which soil Se content is high. This study investigated the vertical distribution of soil Se from various parent rock substrates under tropical climatic conditions, and the factors that influence these soil Se contents, with 69 vertical soil profiles covering Chengmai County. The vertical distribution of soil Se and correlations with CIA (chemical alteration index), Al2O3, TFe2O3 (total iron oxide expressed as Fe2O3), total iodine, SOC (soil organic carbon), and pH were analysed. As per the results, the mean ± standard error of Se content in the A, B, and C horizons was 0.88 ± 0.13 mg/kg, 0.77 ± 0.08 mg/kg and 0.45 ± 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. The parent rock strictly controlled the horizon distribution of Se in the A-horizon. Soil Se showed A-B-horizons-enrichment in the vertical profile, especially in soil profiles overlying granite and basalt. It is hypothesised that the Se enriched in soils developed from the Tuolie Formation due to the release of Se from the weathering process of Se-rich rocks. Meanwhile, Se in soils developed from granite and basalt is more closely associated with exogenous input. Another crucial factor for the high level of Se in Chengmai County is the tropical climate, which has led the rocks to generally undergo intense chemical weathering. This results in soils rich in clay minerals and Fe/Al oxyhydroxides, which easily absorb and retain Se. Furthermore, the Se content of the B-horizon was generally higher than that of the A-horizon due to leaching. These results provide further knowledge and understanding of the geochemical behaviour of soil Se and guide the evaluation of Se-rich land resources under tropical climatic conditions.

V-Doped Cu2 Se Hierarchical Nanotubes Enabling Flow-Cell CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol with High Efficiency and Selectivity.

CO2 electrocatalytic reduction (CO2 ER) to multicarbon (C2+ ) products is heavily pursued because of their commercial values, and the efficiency and selectivity have both attracted tremendous attention. A flow-cell is a device configuration that can greatly enhance the conversion efficiency but requires catalysts to possess high electrical conductivity and gas permeability; meanwhile, the catalysts should enable the reaction pathway to specific products. Herein, it is reported that V-doped Cu2 Se nanotubes with a hierarchical structure can be perfectly compatible with flow-cells and fulfil such a task, achieving CO2 electroreduction to ethanol with high efficiency and selectivity. As revealed by the experimental characterization and theoretical calculation, the substitutional vanadium doping alters the local charge distribution of Cu2 Se and diversifies the active sites. The unique active sites promote the formation of bridge *COB and its further hydrogenation to *COH, and, as such, the subsequent coupling of *COH and *COL eventually generates ethanol. As a result, the optimal Cu1.22 V0.19 Se nanotubes can electrocatalyze CO2 to ethanol with a Faradaic efficiency of 68.3% and a partial current density of -207.9mA cm-2 for the single liquid product of ethanol at -0.8V in a flow-cell. This work provides insights into the materials design for steering the reaction pathway toward C2+ products, and opens an avenue for flow-cell CO2 ER toward a single C2+ liquid fuel.

Metabonomic analysis of the haemolymph reveals the dual effects of dietary selenium supplementations on growth of silkwormBombyx mori

Selenium (Se) is a vital micronutrient for the growth and development of organisms; however, its deficiency and toxicity pose worldwide challenges. Herein, we investigated the absorption, accumulation effect, and distribution of Se in silkworms, and tested the effect of Se feeding on the antioxidant indexes of silkworm haemolymph. Results showed that low concentrations of Se (50 μM and 100 μM) significantly increased the enzyme activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase in the silkworm haemolymph compared to control and 200 μM group. In addition, metabonomic analysis could reveal the metabolic changes in silkworm haemolymph after treatment with different concentrations (50 μM, and 200 μM) of Se. Compared to un-treatment group, the amount of 90 metabolites in both of 50 μM and the 200 μM Se-treated groups displayed significant differences, with 50 up-regulated and 40 down-regulated in 50 μM group, 36 up-regulated and 54 down-regulated in 200 μM group, respectively. The main different metabolites were amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotide metabolites and their derivatives. These results suggest that Se could affect the carbohydrate metabolism in silkworms. The difference in metabolites was subject to different changes under different concentrations of Se and consequently altered their metabolic functions to meet the required energy demands under the Se toxic stress conditions.

Mechanisms of changing speciation and bioavailability of selenium in agricultural mollisols of northern cold regions

The distribution, speciation, and bioavailability of selenium (Se) - an essential micronutrient for human beings - in agricultural soils influence the resource recovery of agricultural benefits and the sustainable use of Se in agroecosystems. Quantitative understanding in this regard however remains limited in the world's mollisol agroecosystems, despite their critical importance in securing global food supply. Herein, a systematic investigation of Se in the river sediment-irrigation water-mollisols-rhizosphere-rice seeds continuum, at the core zone of the northern mollisol regions, was conducted to elucidate the hydrological-hydrogeochemical processes and mechanisms responsible for the distribution and bioavailability of Se. The content of total Se in the mollisols ranged between 0.12 and 0.54 mg/kg with an average of 0.31 mg/kg. At the riverside flood plains, humic-acid bound Se accounted on average for 39 % of total Se. This pool of Se can be transformed to water-soluble and ion-exchangeable Se(VI), supporting a higher potential of Se bioavailability at riparian agricultural mollisols. For mollisol lands far from the river channels, the topography affects the speciation and partitioning of Se presumably through regulating water retention and organic matter transport. Moreover, altering pH and redox conditions in response to irrigation with the river water may boost Se bioavailability in weakly acidic and high Eh mollisols. It can be in part ascribed to the transformation of organic-bound Se along with infiltrated oxygenated water that leads to the increase of water-soluble and ion-exchangeable Se. These findings reinforce that hydrological-hydrogeochemical perturbations due to irrigation with surface water need to be assessed carefully in the management of Se resources in the mollisol agroecosystems.

Analysis of Zebrafish contamination with heavy metals using a FF-XRF imaging system based on a MPGD

Heavy metals have been extensively used by humans and are still present in many aspects of modern-day life. Such elements tend to accumulate, degrading the quality of air, soil, and water, negatively affecting the living organisms. As such, it is of paramount importance to understand the environmental risks of heavy metals, including their bioaccumulation capacity in organisms, since they are associated with several harmful health effects, such as neurological damages. The Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been shown to be an excellent animal model to understand physiological responses in mammals and consequently to perform toxicological studies due to characteristics such as the high genetic and physiological similarity with humans.In this work, a Full-Field Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (FF-XRF) imaging system, based on the 2D-THCOBRA micropattern gas detector, was used to monitor heavy metal accumulation in Zebrafish during a water borne exposure bioassay. The distributions of Mn, Se, and Pb in Zebrafish, exposed to different concentrations of the heavy metal compounds during different time intervals, were mapped. The results show a preferential accumulation of Mn, Se, and Pb in the Zebrafish's visceral region and highlight the suitability of the FF-XRF imaging system for quick screening of metal accumulation in fish bioassays.

Selenium and flavonoids in selenium-enriched tartary buckwheat roasted grain tea: Their distribution and correlation to antioxidant activity

Tartary buckwheat roasted grain tea (TBRGT) is a widely consumed buckwheat product in many countries. We evaluated the distribution of Se and flavonoids to determine the effects of roasting temperature on antioxidant activity of TBRGT, the distribution of Se, and flavonoids were evaluated. Results showed that both the total contents and specific fractions of selenium and flavonoid in TBRGT, TBRGT soup and TBRGT dregs decreased with the increase of roasting temperature. Selenomethionine and Se-polysaccharide were the two main forms of organic selenium in TBRGT while selenocysteine was undetectable. After brewing, the content of selenomethionine in the soup was almost equal to that in dreg. However, Se-polysaccharide was mainly reserved in dreg with few leaching to the soup. Rutin and quercetin were the two main forms of flavonoid in TBRGT. Similar to that of selenomethionine, nearly half of the flavonoids was leached to the soup. We found that antioxidant activity was also decreased aftert roasting processing in all roasted groats, tea soup and dreg. Analysis of correlation revealed that both selenium and flavonoid were significantly correlated with antioxidant activity. Overall, a lower roasting temperature might be more favorable in maintaining the antioxidant activity of TBRGT.

Selenium distribution, translocation and speciation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) after foliar spraying selenite and selenate

Given the wide–spread consumption of wheat, the production of selenium (Se)–enriched wheat grain may be an effective method to increase the dietary Se intake in many Se–deficient areas. Herein, we biofortified wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) via the foliar spraying of selenate or selenite at low or high rate, and investigated the resulting Se distribution in different wheat parts and the crucial parts involved in grain Se accumulation. Results showed that Se concentration in grain after selenite spraying was 1.5 times higher than that of selenate. Grain Se accumulation was largely affected by leaves Se and the transfer of Se from node1 to internode1. Furthermore, the main speciation of Se in wheat grain was the organic Se. In addition, the optimal dosage was 15 g ha−1. In summary, foliar spraying 15 g ha−1 of Se is an effective and safe agronomic biofortification practice.

Voyage of selenium from environment to life: Beneficial or toxic?

Selenium (Se), a naturally occurring metalloid, is an essential micronutrient for life as it is incorporated as selenocysteine in proteins. Although beneficial at low doses, Se is hazardous at high concentrations and poses a serious threat to various ecosystems. Due to this contrasting 'dual' nature, Se has garnered the attention of researchers wishing to unravel its puzzling properties. In this review, we describe the impact of selenium's journey from environment to diverse biological systems, with an emphasis on its chemical advantage. We describe the uneven distribution of Se and how this affects the bioavailability of this element, which, in turn, profoundly affects the habitat of a region. Once taken up, the subsequent incorporation of Se into proteins as selenocysteine and its antioxidant functions are detailed here. The causes of improved protein function due to the incorporation of redox-active Se atom (instead of S) are examined. Subsequently, the reasons for the deleterious effects of Se, which depend on its chemical form (organo-selenium or the inorganic forms) in different organisms are elaborated. AlthoughSe is vital for the function of many antioxidant enzymes, how the pro-oxidant nature of Se can be potentially exploited in different therapies is highlighted. Furthermore, we succinctly explain how the presence of Se in biological systems offsets the toxic effects of heavy metal mercury. Finally, the different avenues of research that are fundamental to expand our understanding of selenium biology are suggested.

Selenium Distribution and Trophic Transfer in the Periphyton-Benthic Macroinvertebrate Food Chain in Boreal Lakes Downstream from a Milling Operation.

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with a narrow essentiality-toxicity range known to bioaccumulate in aquatic food webs. Selenium uptake and trophic transfer at the base of aquatic food chains represent a great source of uncertainty for Se risk assessment. The goal of the present study was to investigate Se distribution in water and sediment and its subsequent transfer into the periphyton-benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) food chain in boreal lakes downstream from a Saskatchewan uranium mill. In particular, the present study aimed to assess potential differences in Se bioaccumulation patterns by BMI taxa to contribute to the current knowledge gap. During summer 2018 and 2019, water, sediment, periphyton, and BMI were sampled at two sites in Vulture Lake, seven sites in McClean Lake east basin, and one reference site in McClean Lake west basin. Periphyton and BMI taxa were sampled with artificial substrates (Hester-Dendy) deployed for 5 weeks in 2018 and 7 weeks in 2019; BMI were sorted into the lowest practical achievable taxonomic level and analyzed for total Se concentrations. At the diluted effluent exposure sites, Se concentrations in BMI ranged from 1.3 to 18.0 µg/g dry weight and from 0.3 to 49.3 µg/g dry weight in 2018 and 2019, respectively, whereas concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 3.5 µg/g dry weight at the reference site. Selenium concentrations in periphyton and some BMI taxa sampled near the effluent diffuser (Se < 1 µg/L) reached levels comparable to higher effluent exposure sites (Se > 2 µg/L). Despite differences in Se bioaccumulation among BMI taxa, an approximately one-to-one trophic transfer ratio was observed for benthic primary consumers and benthic predatory taxa. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2181-2192. © 2022 SETAC.

Quantitative mapping of mercury and selenium in mushroom fruit bodies with laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

This work describes the development of a novel method for quantitative mapping of Hg and Se in mushroom fruit body tissues with laser ablation coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Different parameters of the protocol for preparation of the standards used for quantification via external calibration were assessed, e.g., the dissolution temperature of gelatin standards and the addition of chitosan and l-cysteine as additives to the gelatin-based calibration droplets to better match the sample matrix. While chitosan was not suited for this purpose, the presence of l-cysteine considerably improved the figures of merit of the calibration, leading to limits of detection of 0.006 and 0.3 µg g−1 for Hg and Se, respectively, at a pixel size of 20 × 20 µm. Further, an in-house reference material, ideally suited for the validation of the method for application to mushroom samples, was successfully prepared from a paste of Boletus edulis. The newly developed method was used to investigate the distribution of Hg and Se in tissue sections of five porcini mushroom individuals of three different species (Boletus edulis, Boletus aereus, and Boletus pinophilus) and one sample of a parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera). For one sample, additional areas were ablated at higher spatial resolution, with a laser spot size down to 5 µm, which allows a detailed investigation of the spatial distribution of Hg and Se in mushrooms.Graphical abstract

Distribution characteristics of organic selenium in Se-enriched Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus paracasei)

The accumulation of organic selenium (Se) by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) showed excellent biosafety and absorption efficiency. Identification of Se-enriched strains and the production of Se-enriched products by fermentation are popular research areas. However, there are few studies that focus on the distribution characteristics of Se in cells. In this study, a Se-enriched dominant Lactobacillus Paracasei 20241 was selected to characterize the distribution of Se on the cell surface and inside the cell. The results showed that L. paracei can convert sodium selenite into zero-valent Se and organic Se. The former was then released outside the cell and the latter was combined with cell components. The content of organic Se in the cells was 2144.99 ± 123.16 μg/g, accounting for 52.73% of the total Se. Compared with cellular polysaccharide and nucleic acid, protein exhibited the highest Se binding ability of 864.03 ± 26.04 μg/g, indicating that the main form of organic Se was selenoprotein. Thus, Lactobacillus Paracasei 20241 is expected to be used as a dietary supplement for Se-enrich biomass probiotics.

Selenium Uptake by Lettuce Plants and Se Distribution in Soil Chemical Phases Affected by the Application Rate and the Presence of a Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulant

To tackle selenium (Se) malnutrition, biofortification is among the proposed strategies. A biostimulant application in soils is thought to support a plant’s growth and productivity. Biofortification with Se(VI) may lead to a leaching hazard due to the high mobility of Se(VI) in the soil environment. In this study, the effect of the application of two Se(VI) rates—5 and 10 mg kg−1 soil—and a biostimulant on the Se uptake by lettuce plants and on the Se(VI) distribution in soil fractions following the plants harvest, was investigated. Phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) concentrations in plants were also determined. A high Se(VI) rate suppressed plant growth, leading to a significant fresh weight decrease from 12.28 to 7.55 g and from 14.6 to 2.43 g for the control and high Se(VI) without and with biostimulants, respectively. Impaired plant growth was verified by the SPAD, NDVI and NDRE measurements. The significantly highest Se concentration in plants, 325 mg kg−1, was recorded for the high Se(VI) rate in the presence of the biostimulant. Compared to controls, the low Se(VI) rate significantly decreased P and increased the S concentrations in plants. The post-harvest soil fractionation revealed that, in the presence of the biostimulant, the Se(VI) soluble fraction increased from 0.992 to 1.3 mg kg−1 at a low Se(VI) rate, and decreased from 3.T85 to 3.13 mg kg−1 at a high Se(VI) rate. Nevertheless, at a low Se(VI) rate, 3.6 and 3.1 mg kg−1 of the added Se(VI) remained in the soil in less mobile forms, in the presence or absence of the biostimulant, respectively. This study indicated that the exogenous application of Se in soil exerted dual effects on lettuce growth and Se availability, depending on the level of selenate applied.

Effect of Land Use/Land Cover Change on the Concentration of Se and Heavy Metals in Soils from a "Return Cropland to Forest" Area, Southwest China

Human activities (land use) and environmental change (land cover change) affect the concentration of Se and heavy metals in soils. The implementation of the "Return Cropland to Forest (RCF)" ecological project has changed the land use and cover, which has provided an ideal experimental area for studying the effects of land use and cover change on selenium (Se) and heavy metals in the soil. In this study, 91 top soil samples from different land use and land cover types, including dry land, paddy land, natural forest land, and secondary forest land, were collected, and the contents of Se, heavy metals, and soil organic matter (SOM) and pH were analyzed. The results showed that:① the average values of ω(Se) (0.42×10-6), ω(As) (13.0×10-6), and ω(Sb) (1.03×10-6) were higher than the soil background values of western Chongqing. ② The concentrations of Se, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soils from secondary forest land were significantly higher than those from dry land soils, suggesting that the Se and heavy metals might have significantly increased in the surface soil after the implementation of the RCF ecological project. ③ The SOM was the key controlling factor for the enrichment and distribution of Se and heavy metals in the top soils. Our results indicated that the land use and land cover change would deeply impact the concentrations of Se and heavy metals in the top soils via influencing the soil properties, especially the SOM.

Does atmospheric dimethyldiselenide play a role in reducing COVID-19 mortality?

Environmental selenium (Se) distribution in the US is uneven, yet US residents appear to have a relatively narrow range of serum Se concentrations, according to the NHANES III survey data; this is probably due to the modern food-distribution system. In the US, Se concentration in alfalfa leaves has been used as a proxy for regional Se exposure (low, medium or high, corresponding to ≤ 0.05, 0.06–0.10 and ≥ 0.11 ppm respectively). Se in plants, soil, water, and bacteria can be transformed into volatile dimethyldiselenide, which can be inhaled and excreted via the lung. Hence, pulmonary Se exposure may be different in states with different atmospheric Se levels. We found a significantly higher death rate from COVID-19 in low-Se states than in medium-Se or high-Se states, though the case densities of these states were not significantly different. Because inhaled dimethyldiselenide is a potent inducer of nuclear-factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), exposure to higher atmospheric dimethyldiselenide may increase Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defences, reducing the activation of NFκB by SARS-CoV-2 in the lung, thereby decreasing cytokine activation and COVID-19 severity. Atmospheric dimethyldiselenide may thereby play a role in COVID-19 mortality, although the extent of its involvement is unclear.

Distribution of Hg and Se in Muscle and Liver of the Thornback Guitarfish Platyrhinoidis triseriata from the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

Human consumption of the thornback guitarfish (Platyrhinoidis triseriata) is concentrated in coastal populations of the Pacific coast of Mexico as its meat is prized for its high quality. This study analyzes the distribution of mercury and selenium in the muscle and liver of Platyrhinoidis triseriata and the risk to human health associated with its consumption. In order to conduct these estimates, specimens were collected from the Eastern Pacific Ocean in 2015 and 2016 and found mean concentrations (µg g-1 wet weight) of mercury ranging from 0.02 to 0.58 in muscle and 0.10 to 0.31 in liver. Selenium ranged from 0.14 to 1.31 in muscle and from 0.93 to 4.52 in liver. Mercury levels in the muscle of P. triseriata were significantly correlated (positive correlation) with the total length of the specimens. The predominant prey of P. triseriata was the shrimp Pleuroncodes planipes and according to the biomagnification factor, only mercury was biomagnified. The risk to consumers associated with the simultaneous presence of mercury and selenium in the muscle and liver of rays under the selenium health benefit value approach indicated that consumption of P. triseriata from this area is beneficial to human health.

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Distribution Patterns and Potential Determinants in Plasma Selenium Status Among Chinese Adults With Hypertension.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in selenoproteins biosynthesis for the human body and plays an important role in the prevention and control of subsequent cardiovascular disease in adults with hypertension. However, reports on Se status and its potential determinants in populations from different regions of China are limited, especially data on adults with hypertension, a high-risk group more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study from February 2017 to May 2018 of 2,599 participants (1,389 men and 1,210 women) on middle-aged to elderly adults with hypertension with a mean age of 63.1 years (SD 13.3) from 14 provinces of China and aimed to examine the relationship of plasma Se status with demographic characteristics and lifestyles. Overall, the male participants (mean value 75.0 μg/L) tended to have higher plasma Se concentrations than the female participants (73.7 μg/L) when controlling for relevant factors. There were significant differences among regions, and in age and body mass index (BMI) in plasma Se distribution, and plasma Se concentrations were significantly lower among those in the regions with relatively lower Se, aged 60 years or older, and with BMI lower than 28 kg/m2. Moreover, a higher frequency of meat consumption (1–2 or ≥3 times/week vs. <1 time/week) was significantly associated with higher plasma Se concentrations in men and women, and male alcohol drinkers had significantly higher plasma Se concentrations than non-alcohol drinkers. Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables (0.5–1.5 kg/week) was associated with higher plasma Se concentrations among women, but was associated with relatively lower plasma Se concentrations in men. Our results indicated relatively low plasma Se status in Chinese adults with hypertension from 14 provinces, while specific factors including geographic, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics and blood pressure were significantly associated with plasma Se status in this hypertensive population. In addition, more studies are required to further evaluate dietary structure and other lifestyle factors that influence circulating Se status.