SD Min Research Articles

Penerapan Data Mining Dalam Menentukan Tingkat Kepuasan Orangtua Terhadap Kinerja Guru Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The purpose of the study was to determine parental satisfaction with teacher performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. By knowing the level of parental satisfaction, the Elementary School can improve the quality of learning if it is not good and further improve teacher performance if the level of satisfaction is good. The method used in this study is the C4.5 Algorithm, where the data source used is a questionnaire/ questionnaire technique given to parents of students at SD MIN Bahkapul Pematangsiantar. The variables used include (1) Tangibles, (2) Reliability, (3) Responsive, (4) Assurance and (5) Empathy. The research test process usses RapidMiner software to create a decision tree. From the resultss of the analysis, it is hoped that it can improve the performance of SD MIN Bahkapul teachers so that the services provided to students can be even better.

Atrio-ventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia ablation step by step low fluoro approach to prevent unexpected AV block

Abstract Background Slow pathway (SP) radiofrequency (RF) ablation of AVNRT has a success rate of more than 98%, but up to 2% risk of unpredictable and frustrating AV node block despite the energy being delivered to the posterior aspect of Koch's Triangle (KT) which is far from the recorded His signal. A possible explanation is an atypical location of the AV node. KT pace-mapping (KTPM) has been demonstrated to be useful to recognize when AV is abnormally located in the mid or posteroseptal aspect of the KT. In these cases cryoablation would be the best choice because it is a well-established technique for the successful treatment of AVNRT with no complications reported but with a recurrence rate around 10% at long-term follow-up. Voltage bridge mapping (VBM) is a validated and effective technique in guiding cryoablation of AVNRT, with a complete acute success rate and no recurrences at mid-term follow-up. Aim To evaluate our low-fluoro step-by-step approach for AVNRT ablation including KTPM and VBM aiming to eliminate the risk of unpredictable AV node block. Methods The right atrium and coronary sinus electroanatomical mapping was done and diagnostic catheters were positioned at His and coronary sinus. After AVNRT diagnosis, 3D KTPM was performed. We developed it according to the “conventional” one in order to evaluate and visualize atypical AV node location during low-fluoro procedures. This was achieved by stimulating with the mapping catheter in the anteroseptal, posteroseptal and midseptal region respectively. Each point has been collected on 3D System measuring the interval between the stimulus to the His deflection (Fig. 1A–C). Voltage bridge-mapping was also performed, and both have been used as reference for SP RF ablation. If 3D KTPM showed a posterior extension of the AV node, then ablation was performed using cryo-energy aiming to reduce the risk of permanent AV node iatrogenic block. Methods and results 71 consecutive patients (mean age 61.0±14.5 SD, 46% female) undergoing low-fluoro ablation of AVNRT by 3D mapping system. KTPM was achieved in all the patients. In the 67 (94.3%) pts who showed superoparaseptal location of the AV node RF ablation was successfully performed. In 4 (5.7%) pts with midseptal extension of the AV node (Fig. 1D) a voltage-bridge mapping guided cryo-ablation was successfully performed (Fig. 1E). The mean procedural time was 95±18 SD min. Mean fluoro time was zero. After a mean follow-up of 28.5±16.7 SD moths, neither recurrences nor complications were recorded. Conclusion This is the first study to show how a tailored low-fluoro AVNRT SP ablation approach including 3D-PM of KT and VBM could be helpful to eliminate the risk of unpredictable and frustrating AV block. Our preliminary results would possibly encourage larger cohort, multicenter studies. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

GPS Technology Reveals Larger Home Ranges for Immature Gopher Tortoises

Movement data and estimation of home-range sizes provide insight into the types and amount of habitat needed to support wildlife populations, which is critical for conservation planning. Gopher Tortoises, which are important ecosystem engineers and keystone species across the southeastern United States, are experiencing ongoing population declines and warrant additional habitat protection and management throughout their range. Conservation assessments for Gopher Tortoises are currently limited by scant knowledge of the ecology of younger age classes. We implemented a short-term study of immature Gopher Tortoise spatial ecology at Archbold Biological Station (ABS), Florida to determine home-range size, movements, and activity levels of 3–7-yr-old tortoises. We used GPS technology to obtain high-resolution temporal tracking data (approximately 10-fold increase compared with the radio tracking frequency in prior studies). Despite the relatively short duration of our study (≤40 d), immature Gopher Tortoises (n = 6) at ABS had home-range sizes ranging from 0.38 to 1.46 ha, which are approximately 6.6-fold larger than previously reported annual home-range estimates. Tortoises also left their burrows more often (4.0 ± 3.2 SD times per day) and for longer duration (31.5 ± 10.6 SD min per emergence) than in studies conducted elsewhere (1.6 times and 18.8 min, respectively). Our results illustrate the importance of employing new technologies to track previously difficult-to-observe life stages and improve conservation efforts for imperiled species.

Socialization of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation to Elementary School Students Through Pocket Books

Abstract. The implementation of this Community Service (PkM) activity aims to increase the understanding of elementary school students on the attitudes that must be carried out before, during, and after the earthquake disaster. Through this PkM activity, students are expected to be able to, 1) have basic knowledge about the steps in responding to disasters properly and correctly; 2) students have an understanding of the attitude that must be done in the event of a disaster; and 3) students have an understanding of attitudes that must be done after a disaster occurs. The training participants were 30 students of SD MIN 1 Ambon. The materials presented at the time of socialization were 1) things to be prepared before a disaster occurred, 2) strategies to be implemented during a disaster, and 3) strategies to be implemented after a disaster occurred. This PkM activity was carried out through lecture methods, and demonstrations using the disaster response pocket book. The results of the training obtained are 1) students gain basic knowledge about earthquake disaster mitigation before a disaster occurs, 2) students have an understanding of attitudes that must be taken when a disaster occurs, and 3) students have an understanding of what to do after a disaster occurs. Referring to the results of this PkM activity, the school should participate more actively in carrying out socialization activities so that students have more knowledge and understanding of earthquake disaster mitigation. Keywords: mitigation, earthquake, students

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KREATIVITAS DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PADA SISWA SD KELAS V MIN 10 MUARA ENIM TAHUN 2020

Background: In the 1993 GBHN it is stated that the development of creativity (creativity) should start at an early age, namely in the family environment as the place of first education and in pre-school education. The purpose of this study is not yet known the correlation between the level of creativity and learning achievement in SD students of class V MIN 10 Muara Enim. Methods: This study used an analytic survey method with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all fifth grade students of SD MIN 10 Muara Enim, the sample in this study amounted to 40 respondents. Data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using distribution tables and Chi-Square statistical tests, with a degree of confidence of 95%. Results: From the chi-square test, it was found that p value = 0.000 (p value> 0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of creativity and learning achievement in SD students of class V MIN 10 Muara Enim.

420 Vortex formation in the pre-ejection phase in the left ventricle

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Central Norway Regional Health Authority Background/Introduction: Vortex formation during left ventricular filling have been described since the 1980’s. We have investigated vortices in the left ventricle (LV) in healthy adults with a new technology based on high frame rate vector flow imaging (VFI) using blood speckle tracking. Purpose In this study we investigated the intraventricular flow pattern during the pre-ejection period. Material and methods We examined 21 healthy volunteers with a GE E95 ultrasound scanner, both in ordinary clinical mode and with an experimental setup. The latter was developed to achieve high frame rates by utilizing plane waves in combination with ECG-gating over multiple (5-6) heart cycles, allowing continuous acquisition of > 3500 FPS. Blood speckle tracking followed by model based regularization was used to obtain vector flow velocity measurements. Results During the pre-ejection phase we observed blood flow from the apex to the basis of the LV along the septum. At the base, the flow is deflected. A basal vortex is then created just above the mitral valve, which persists into the isovolumetric contraction (IVC). The lateral part of the vortex is then seen as an apically directed flow during IVC, as shown in the illustration. The vortex is also visible in the first phase of the ejection; the part of the blood in the LV not passing through the aortic valve is deflected and continues to conserve this vortex. These findings correspond to patterns found in colour M-Mode (CMM), showing a column of blood toward the apex in the IVC/early ejection phase. Time from peak R to the first sighting of this IVC vortex, and to the pre-ejection spike in tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), are similar, as reported in table 1. Conclusion(s): Our imaging setup allows for a very high temporal resolution (>3500 FPS), and enables VFI using blood speckle tracking, without using a contrast agent. We observed an intraventricular vortex during pre-ejection and into early ejection, with the same direction as the later vortices seen in filling. Initiation of this vortex may be conserved energy from late filling. This vortex is simultaneous with the pre-ejection spike in TDI. We postulate that this IVC vortex contributes to the closing of the anterior mitral leaflet in the IVC. As we also observe this vortex during the early ejection phase, we believe it may conserve rotational energy into early filling. Table 1 Timing of the IVC vortex and the pre-ejection spike in TDI Mean Median SD Min Max Time between R and the basal vortex during IVS (ms) 16,7 16 15,1 -13 47 Time between R and the pre-ejection spike TDI (ms) 16,3 21 14,4 -10 36 Abstract 420 Figure.

The efficacy of direct trocar versus veress needle method as a primary access technique in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of direct trocar method and veress needle as the primary entry technique to establish pneumoperitoneum. Study Design: This was a randomized controlled study. Patients and Methods: A randomized controlled study was done on 150 patients who complained from gallstones and attended to our surgical team, from the period of May 1, 2013 to May 31, 2017, the patient age range was 19–65 years with a mean age of 41 ± 0.9 years, after confirming the diagnosis of gallstones, informed consent was obtained from the patients. Those with previous abdominal surgery or serious comorbidities were excluded from the study. A total of 150 patients were divided randomly with 75 patients had the access into their abdomen by veress needle and the other 75 patients by direct trocar method. Variables comparing the safety and efficacy of the two methods were studied. Results: Direct trocar method was faster (2.3 ± 1.1 standard deviation [SD] min) than veress technique (5 ± 0.9 SD min), CO2leak occurs just in one case of trocar method while it does not occur in veress technique, extraperitoneal insufflations occur in four cases (5.3%) operated by veress method, and only in one case of direct trocar method, port site infection develops in two cases (2.6%) of direct trocar method and in single case of veress cannula. Only one case of port site hematoma occurs in direct trocar method. Conclusion: Direct trocar method is a safe, fast, and easily done technique for the establishment of primary entrance into the peritoneal cavity and hence pneumoperitoneum, there were no significant variations in minor complications and without major ones.

Reduced Lead Exposure Following a Sensitization Program in Rural Family Homes Producing Traditional Mexican Ceramics.

Background:Traditional ceramics are a cultural heritage in Mexico, used by the general population in everyday life. These ceramics are glazed with lead oxide and are usually produced in households that share living and working spaces. Glazing is usually performed by women, and children are not restrained from the work space and frequently help, resulting in high levels of lead exposure for all. Interventions that promote a change in technology (such as lead-free glazes or efficient kilns) are often unrealistic for potters with fewer economic resources who depend on their production as their main income. Interventions focusing on exposure prevention (rather than a technology change) at the household level are scarce.Methods:Working hand-in-hand with a group of nine women, lay community workers, promotoras, from Santa Fe de Laguna, Michoacán, we developed a program focusing on the self-recognition of health risks. The program was composed of health education (including a lead in blood and bone measurement for women), health/work risk recognition and communication to the community, and work/living area reorganization and remediation in three stages: work with 1) promotoras, 2) their extended families, and 3) their community, including talks in elementary schools.Results:The promotoras developed and distributed risk communication graphic materials and delivered a lead-awareness talk in the Purhepecha language, in the local primary health-care clinic and three elementary schools. Lead in bone levels had a mean ± SD (min, max) of rotula: 84.8 µg/g ± 68.9 (23.89, 214.2), tibia 93.2 µg/g 81.2 (14.23, 261.21). We implemented safer and cleaner ceramic production in the promotoras workshops.Public Health Relevance:Environmental and occupational exposures can be reduced through programs that are tailored by and for a specific community. When there is no evident alternative technology for safer production, such programs can empower groups and lead to reduced exposure for their children, family and community.

Sun-basking, a necessity not a leisure: Anthropogenic driven disturbance, changing the basking pattern of the vulnerable Indian rock python in Keoladeo National Park, India

‘Basking’ is the most conspicuous thermoregulatory behavior in many animals that enable them to enhance physiological performance. Several terrestrial poikilothermic ectotherms have adapted to thermoregulate through basking and seek refuge in subterranean burrows in extreme climatic conditions. Particularly in reptiles, selecting appropriate activity times and postural adjustments are critical thermoregulatory mechanisms and have been recognized as a significant element in the process of behavioral thermoregulation. The present study aims to understand the behavioral adaptation, burrow use regime, and basking pattern of the Indian rock python Python molurus in Keoladeo National Park which witnesses annual weather extremes. Further, the study also investigates the effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the behavioral repertoires of the species, including the changes occurring in the pattern of emergence and retreat into the burrow and basking periods of pythons. The estimated minimum population size of python in KNP was 80 ± 10SD individuals. During the active months of November to April, a general pattern of python activity was observed wherein pythons emerged at 09h00 to 10h00, with a peak in mean basking time of 49.3 ± 18.4SD min per day during 12h00 to 13h00 following retreat at 17h00 to 18h00. Also, the emergence timings positively correlated with the sunrise timing and increasing temperature. Whereas, the retreat timings positively correlated with the sunset timing in disturbed burrows with continuous tourist visits, a significant change in the emergence, retreat and basking duration was observed. The time spent for basking significantly varied between disturbed, semi-disturbed and undisturbed burrows across different time-slots. The basking time across all the time intervals of the day around the undisturbed burrows was twofold of the time spent around disturbed burrows. The present study thus highlights the change in basking regime of Indian rock python in disturbed and undisturbed habitats in KNP, during the tourist's season of October to April each year.

Stent boost enhancement compared to intravascular ultrasound in the evaluation of stent expansion in elective percutaneous coronary interventions

BackgroundStent underexpansion is a major risk factor for in-stent restenosis and acute in-stent thrombosis1Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is one of the standards for detection of stent underexpansion (de Feyter et al. 1999; Mintz et al., 2001). StentBoost (SB) enhancement allows an improved angiographic visualization of the stent (Koolen et al., 2005).Aim of workComparison of stent expansion by IVUS and SB enhancement and detection of value of SB to guide dilatation post stent deployment.MethodologyIVUS, SB enhancement and QCA were done in 30 patients admitted for elective stenting procedures .We compared measurements of mean ±standard deviations of (Max SD, Min SD, Mean SD, stent symmetry index) using IVUS, SB and QCA after stent deployment and after postdilatation whenever necessary to optimize stent deployment. The Stent symmetry index was calculated [(maximum stent diameter minus minimum stent diameter) divided by maximum stent diameter].ResultsThe Max SD was (3.45 ± 0.62 vs 3.55 ± 0.56 vs 2.97 ± 0.59) by IVUS vs SB vs QCA respectively. Max SD was significantly higher by IVUS vs QCA (p .009) and between SB vs QCA (p .001) while there was nonsignificant difference between IVUS vs SB (p .53). The Min SD was (2.77 ± 0.53 vs 2.58 ± 0.56 vs 1.88 ± 0.60) by IVUS vs SB vs QCA respectively. Min SD was significantly higher by IVUS vs QCA (p .001) and between SB vs QCA (p .001) while there was nonsignificant difference between IVUS vs SB (p .07). The stent symmetry index was (0.24 ±0.09 vs 0.34 ± 0.09 vs 0.14 ±0.27) by IVUS vs SB vs QCA respectively. It was significantly higher by IVUS vs QCA (p .001) and between SB vs QCA (p .001) while there was nonsignificant difference between IVUS vs SB (p .32). SB was positively correlated with IVUS measurements of Max SD (p < .0001 & r 0.74) and Min SD (p < .0001 & r 0.68). QCA was positively correlated with IVUS measurements of Max SD correlation (p < .0001 & r 0.69) and Min SD (p < .0001 & r 0.63). QCA was positively correlated with SB measurements of Max SD (p < .0001 & r 0.61) and Min SD (p .003 & r 0.49).ConclusionsStentBoost enhancement has superior correlations for stent expansion measured by IVUS when compared with QCA. SB enhancement improved stent visualization and identification of stent underexpansion to guide stent postdilatation.

The Role of Serum Coagulation Factors in the Differential Diagnosis of Patients with Pneumonia and Parapneumonic Effusion.

The aim of this study was to identify the participations of the serum coagulations and fibrinolysis factors that contribute to the differential diagnosis of the patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) without effusion, uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (UCPPE) and complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE). The coagulations system is fundamental for the maintenance of homeostasis, and contributes to the inflammatory process responsible for CAP and the parapneumonic effusion. The factors of coagulations and fibrinolysis participate in the cellular proliferation and migration as in the synthesis of the inflammatory mediators. We evaluated the laboratory profile of coagulations and fibrinolysis in the serum of 148 patients with CAP without effusion, 50 with UCPPE and 44 with CPPE. We determined the test of the coagulation cascade which measures the time elapsed from the activation of the coagulation cascade at different points to the fibrin generation. As a consequence, there is an activation of the fibrinolytic system with the increased D-dimer levels measured in the plasma in the three groups. The patients were with mean age ± SD (53,82 ± 17,5) min - max 18-93 years. A significantly higher number of thrombocytes was in the group with CPPE with median 412 × 109/L (rank 323-513 × 109/L). The extended activation of the prothrombin time (aPTT) was significantly higher in the same group of patients with median of 32 sec. (rank 30-35 sec). The mean D-dimer plasma level was 3266,5 ± 1292,3 ng/ml in patients with CPPE, in CAP without effusion 1646,6 ± 1204 ng/ml and in UCPPE 1422,9 ± 970 ng/ml. The coagulations system and the fibrinolysis play important role in the development and pathophysiology of CAP and the parapneumonic effusions.

SU‐F‐J‐86: Method to Include Tissue Dose Response Effect in Deformable Image Registration

Purpose:Organ changes shape and size during radiation treatment due to both mechanical stress and radiation dose response. However, the dose response induced deformation has not been considered in conventional deformable image registration (DIR). A novel DIR approach is proposed to include both tissue elasticity and radiation dose induced organ deformation.Methods:Assuming that organ sub‐volume shrinkage was proportional to the radiation dose induced cell killing/absorption, the dose induced organ volume change was simulated applying virtual temperature on each sub‐volume. Hence, both stress and heterogeneity temperature induced organ deformation. Thermal stress finite element method with organ surface boundary condition was used to solve deformation. Initial boundary correspondence on organ surface was created from conventional DIR. Boundary condition was updated by an iterative optimization scheme to minimize elastic deformation energy. The registration was validated on a numerical phantom. Treatment dose was constructed applying both the conventional DIR and the proposed method using daily CBCT image obtained from HN treatment.Results:Phantom study showed 2.7% maximal discrepancy with respect to the actual displacement. Compared with conventional DIR, subvolume displacement difference in a right parotid had the mean±SD (Min, Max) to be 1.1±0.9(−0.4∼4.8), −0.1±0.9(−2.9∼2.4) and −0.1±0.9(−3.4∼1.9)mm in RL/PA/SI directions respectively. Mean parotid dose and V30 constructed including the dose response induced shrinkage were 6.3% and 12.0% higher than those from the conventional DIR.Conclusion:Heterogeneous dose distribution in normal organ causes non‐uniform sub‐volume shrinkage. Sub‐volume in high dose region has a larger shrinkage than the one in low dose region, therefore causing more sub‐volumes to move into the high dose area during the treatment course. This leads to an unfavorable dose‐volume relationship for the normal organ. Without including this effect in DIR, treatment dose in normal organ could be underestimated affecting treatment evaluation and planning modification.Acknowledgement: Partially Supported by Elekta Research Grant

Comparison of blood transfusion and surgical complications in peripartum hysterectomy when anticipated and unanticipated

The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and aetiology of peripartum hysterectomy (PH) for major obstetric haemorrhage (MOH) in our population and to compare estimated blood loss (EBL), blood transfusion, surgical complications and duration of hospital stay in PH that was anticipated and PH that was unanticipated. 26 cases of MOH requiring PH were identified from 50,548 women who delivered between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2011 (0.5/1000). PH was anticipated in 17 and unanticipated in 9 cases. When compared, the anticipated group was more likely to have placenta accreta 15/17 (88%) vs 4/9 (44%): p = 0.03 and a gynaecological oncologist as the principal operator 15/17 (88%) vs 3/9 (33%): p = 0.007. The EBL 5.5 ± 3.7 SD vs 6.6 ± 3.9 SD l; p = 0.5, units of red cell concentrate or RCC transfused 7 ± 5 SD vs 9 ± 5 SD: p = 0.3, and mean operating time 134 ± 60 SD vs 190 ± 96 SD min: p = 0.07 were less in the anticipated than the unanticipated group, but not significantly so. The intraoperative complication rate 7/17 (41%) vs 3/9 (33%): p = 1.0 and the mean duration of hospital stay 7 ± 1 SD vs 8 ± 3 SD days: p = 0.27 were similar in both groups. PH is associated with a large volume of blood loss and significant surgical complications regardless of whether the procedure is anticipated or not.

Plasma 3‐epi‐25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants in Canada During the First Five Weeks After Birth

Vitamin D status during infancy is important for skeletal growth and development. Response to vitamin D3 supplementation is complicated by the presence of 3‐epi‐25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (3‐epi‐25‐OH‐D3). We undertook a small prospective study to simultaneously examine changes in 25‐OH‐D3, 3‐epi‐25‐OH‐D3 and 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25‐(OH)2D3) in preterm infants over the first five weeks after birth. Nineteen infants from Manitoba, born before 32 weeks of gestation and &lt;1500 g, were included in the study. Plasma samples were obtained at the end of the first (wk1) and fifth (wk5) week after birth.Vitamin D metabolites were analyzed in triplicate using LC‐MS/MS. Differences over time were tested using ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test, p&lt;0.05. Mean gestational age at birth was 29.0 ± 1.5 weeks and birth weight 1144.5 ± 244.4 g. Total vitamin D intake increased over time (Table). Increases were observed in vitamin D status based on plasma 25‐OH‐D3 concentration over the first 5 weeks (wk1: 18.1 ± 7.1 vs wk5: 25.3 ± 10.6 ng/ml, p=0.02) as well as in 3‐epi‐25‐OH‐D3 (wk1: 5.1 ± 4.2 vs wk5: 20.0 ± 15.9 ng/ml, p&lt;0.0001). Over the same time‐period 24,25‐(OH)2D3 (wk1: 0.9 ± 0.5 vs wk5: 0.7 ± 0.5 ng/ml, p=0.13) was not significantly changed.This work showed that 3‐epi‐25‐OH‐D3 increased over the first 5 weeks in parallel with increases of 25‐OH‐D3 while 24,25‐(OH)2D3 was relatively stable suggesting the CYP24A1 activity does not readily mature during 5 weeks postnatally in prematurely born infants. Vitamin D intake from all sources (IU/day) Mean SD Min Max Week 1 202.8a 115.9 4.5 400.7 Week 2 189.3a 118.0 54.9 442.8 Week 3 250.8a 155.7 65.0 551.9 Week 4 366.2b 163.6 42.5 626.3 Week 5 489.3c 186.9 93.1 736.7 Week 6 515.9c 192.5 177.7 779.6 Means with different superscript letters are different, p&lt;0.05

Age-related arrhythmogenesis on ascent and descent: "autonomic conflicts" on hypoxia/reoxygenation at high altitude?

To discern whether arrhythmogenesis at high-altitude (HA) may differ depending on ascent or descent, as well as on age. Male subjects (37.9±12.0 SD y, n=33) were separated into a young (Y) group (29.6±5.73 SD y, n=18) and an older (O) one (47.9±9.83 SD y, n=15). All subjects were monitored by Holter electrocardiography while successively ascending (41.2±7.51 SD min) and descending (38.7±6.68 SD min) between 2950 and 5050 m as car passengers on a 25 km road in Northern Chile. Arrhythmic events (AE) ensued when the difference between two consecutive RR intervals exceeded 0.16 sec. From 311 AE registered, 29% occurred on ascent and 71% on descent, the sinusal type predominating in both age groups. AE incidence, RR interval duration, and heart rate variability (HRV) in the time domain (RMSSD) increased during descent, as compared to ascent, in the Y group (p<0.05), but not in the O one. Independently of age, AE incidence along descent associates with the time previously spent at 5050 m (p<0.001). Rapid transitions at HA favor arrhythmogenesis, the latter becoming evident particularly in the Y group on descent. Age-dependent changes of autonomic activity appear to be involved in arrhythmogenesis on transitions at HA.

Reliability of semiquantitative 18F-FDG PET parameters derived from simultaneous brain PET/MRI: A feasibility study

PurposeSimultaneous brain PET/MRI faces an important issue of validation of accurate MRI based attenuation correction (AC) method for precise quantitation of brain PET data unlike in PET/CT systems where the use of standard, validated CT based AC is routinely available. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of evaluation of semiquantitative 18F-FDG PET parameters derived from simultaneous brain PET/MRI using ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences for AC and to assess their agreement with those obtained from PET/CT examination. MethodsSixteen patients (age range 18–73 years; mean age 49.43 (19.3) years; 13 men 3 women) underwent simultaneous brain PET/MRI followed immediately by PET/CT. Quantitative analysis of brain PET images obtained from both studies was undertaken using Scenium v.1 brain analysis software package. Twenty ROIs for various brain regions were system generated and 6 semiquantitative parameters including maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max), SUV mean, minimum SUV (SUV min), minimum standard deviation (SD min), maximum SD (SD max) and SD from mean were calculated for both sets of PET data for each patient. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined to assess agreement between the various semiquantitative parameters for the two PET data sets. ResultsIntra-class co-relation between the two PET data sets for SUV max, SUV mean and SD max was highly significant (p<0.00) for all the 20 predefined brain regions with ICC>0.9. SD from mean was also found to be statistically significant for all the predefined brain regions with ICC>0.8. However, SUV max and SUV mean values obtained from PET/MRI were significantly lower compared to those of PET/CT for all the predefined brain regions. ConclusionPET quantitation accuracy using the MRI based UTE sequences for AC in simultaneous brain PET/MRI is reliable in a clinical setting, being similar to that obtained using PET/CT.

Effect of immediate and continuous mother–infant skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women: A randomised control trial

To evaluate the effect of mother-infant immediate skin-to-skin contact on primiparous mother's breastfeeding self-efficacy. A randomised control trial. The study was conducted in Omolbanin obstetrics hospital (large tertiary hospital), Mashhad, Iran. 114 18-35 year-old primiparous, Iranian, healthy and full term mothers who anticipated normal vaginal delivery and intended to breastfeed their babies. Skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth and then controlling breastfeeding self-efficacy at 28 days postpartum. Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy at 28 days postpartum and success in first breastfeeding and mean time of first breastfeeding initiation. A total of 92 mother-infant dyads (47 dyads in skin-to-skin care skin-to-skin contact group and 45 dyads in routine care group) were monitored and analysed. In skin-to-skin contact group, breastfeeding self-efficacy was 53.42±8.57 SD as compared to 49.85±5.50 SD in routine care group which is significantly higher in skin-to-skin contact group (p=0.0003). Successful breastfeeding initiation rate was 56.6% in skin-to-skin contact group as compared to 35.6% in routine care group (p=0.02). Time to initiate first feed was 21.98±9.10 SD min in SSC group vs. 66.55±20.76 min in routine care group (p<0.001). Mother-infant immediate skin-to-skin contact is an easy and available method of enhancing maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. High breastfeeding self-efficacy increases exclusive breastfeeding duration.

Cognitive Cues and Visually Induced Motion Sickness

The importance of cognitive processing of orientation cues in visually induced motion sickness and vection is often overlooked. Upright versus inverted visual scenes containing cues of different levels of salience were compared. Panoramic scenes of 360 degrees were projected in the visual equivalent to the nauseogenic situation of rotating about an axis tilted from the vertical with a field of view of 84 degrees rotating at 0.2 Hz (72 degrees x s(-1)). Exposures were for 10 min or until moderate nausea developed. The design was counterbalanced repeated measures. Pilot Study: Subjects (N = 12) viewed visual conditions: a distant bland coastline scene as from an aircraft, tilted 30 degrees (Up); the same scene but inverted (Invert); and the scene morphed with no obvious orientation cues (Abstract). Main Experiment: Subjects (N = 22) viewed a city street scene containing numerous unambiguous and strong verticality cues under two conditions: upright (Up) and inverted (Invert), with 18 degrees tilt of rotational axis. Pilot Study: there were no significant differences between conditions in time (mean +/- SD min) to nausea endpoint (Up: 7.4 +/- 3.1; Invert: 7.1 +/- 3.1;Abstract: 7.8 +/- 2.4), nor for total symptom scores, nor for vection. Main Experiment: the upright scene was significantly more nauseogenic than the inverted, with shorter times to nausea endpoint (Up: 8.7 +/- 2.3; Invert: 9.2 +/- 2.2) and greater total symptom scores. Vection was marginally greater for Up than Invert. Salient and unambiguous higher order cognitive cues may modulate the development of motion sickness induced by optokinetic stimuli. There was no one-to-one correspondence between vection and motion sickness.

Abstract P47: Gender Difference Seems to Disappear with Strategies to Improve Overall Door-to-Balloon Time

Background: Women with STEMI have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality possibly due to pre-treatment delay and atypical presentation. In an effort to decrease door to balloon time (D2B),starting 7/2009, a new strategy was implemented in our institution including10 min door to ECG time, 5 min call back by interventional cardiologist, only interventional cardiologist making the decision for PCI and a goal D2B of ≤60 min with real time tracking. With this strategy, the D2B was significantly shortened. We wanted to see what effect this had on the D2B for female patients. Methods: We studied the records of 393 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI in our institution. Four patients were excluded because ECG or decision time were not clearly documented. Group 1 included patients before the new strategy (7/2008-6/2009), and Group 2 after the new strategy (7/2009-6/2010). D2B were further partitioned into 3 segments:door to ECG time (D2ECG), ECG to decision time (ECG2Dec) and decision to balloon time (Dec2B) . Time intervals were compared for both genders within and between these groups. Results: The total D2B decreased with the new strategy from 91.1 min to 80.0 min (p=0.04). In males, neither total D2B nor any time interval decreased significantly. In females, the Dec2B shortened by 6.6 min (p=0.01, Table 1). Before the implementation of the new strategy, the total D2B, D2ECG and Dec2B were all significantly longer in females than in males. After 7/2009, the gender difference in D2B and all time intervals disappeared (Table 2). Conclusion: Implementation of rapid revascularization strategy in our hospital appeared to eliminate the gender difference in D2B. Comparison of time intervals between two groups Group 1 (Nf=58, N m =140) Group 2(Nf=69, N m =122) P value D2B Female 105.6±61.9 86.4±56.0 0.07 Male 85.0±46.7 76.3±52.7 0.16 Door to ECG Female 14.3±18.0 9.9±11.0 0.10 Male 9.1±10.2 9.0±11.6 0.94 ECG to Decision Female 33.8±53.8 25.6±44.3 0.35 Male 22.9±41.2 17.3±41.7 0.27 Decision to Balloon Female 57.6±12.7 51.0±15.4 0.01 Male 53.0±13.7 50.0±15.4 0.10 Data are means ± SD (min). AVONA or t-test were used where appropriate. Nf denotes number of females and Nm denotes males.P values are comparisons between group 1 and group 2 Comparison of time intervals between genders Female(N 1 =58, N 2 =69) Male (N 1 =140, N 2 =122) P value D2B Group 1 105.6±61.9 85.0±46.7 0.018 Group 2 86.4±56.0 76.3±52.7 0.21 Door to ECG Group 1 14.3±18.0 9.1±10.2 0.012 Group 2 9.9±11.0 9.0±11.6 0.61 ECG to Decision Group 1 33.8±53.8 22.9±41.2 0.13 Group 2 25.6±44.3 17.3±41.7 0.20 Decision to Balloon Group 1 57.6±12.7 53.0±13.7 0.029 Group 2 51.0±15.4 50.0±15.4 0.69 Data are means ± SD (min). AVONA or t-test were used where appropriate. N1 denotes number of patients in group1 and N2 denotes group 2.P values are comparisons between females and males.

Effects of water velocity and turbulence on the behaviour of Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei, Steindachner 1864) in an experimental pool‐type fishway

AbstractThe restoration of fish passage has been focused on anadromous fish species, whilst studies accommodating passage of coarse species have often been considered incidental, yet frequently these are the predominant group of species encountered in rivers. In addition, fishway designs depend greatly on the interplay between hydraulics and biomechanics, yet very little data are available on the responses to specific hydraulic settings for these species. This study aims to explore the effects of water velocity and turbulence on the behaviour of a cyprinid species ‐ the Iberian barbel Luciobarbus bocagei (Steindachner, 1864) ‐ particularly their upstream movements upon different discharges (38.5 to 77.0 L · s−1), through an indoor full scale pool‐type fishway prototype. Larger adults had a higher passage success (mean = 79%) and took less time (mean ± SD (min): 5.7 ± 1.3) to negotiate the entire six pool fishway, when compared to small adults. Correlation analysis between hydraulic variables and fish transit time yielded different results. Correlations were found to be the highest between the horizontal component of Reynolds shear stress and fish transit time, particularly for smaller size‐individuals (r = −0.45; p &lt; 0.001), highlighting this variable as a key‐parameter which strongly determines the movements of Iberian barbel. The present study identified key factors on Iberian barbel movements that may have direct application to future fishway designs for this species and for other ‘weak’ swimmers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.