Screening Test For Detection Of Cancer Research Articles

Comparing P53 expression and genome-wide transcriptome profiling to Comet assay in lymphocytes from melanoma patients and healthy controls.

This study compared the expression of TP53 in lymphocytes from malignant melanoma (MM) patients with positive sentinel nodes to healthy controls (HCs) following exposure to various doses of UVA radiation. The Lymphocyte Genome Sensitivity (LGS) assay indicated significant differences in DNA damage in lymphocytes between MM patients and HCs. qPCR data demonstrated an overall 3.4-fold increase in TP53 expression in lymphocytes from MM patients compared to healthy controls, following treatment with 0.5 mW/cm2 UVA radiation. Western blotting confirmed that p53 expression was increased in MM lymphocytes following UVA exposure compared to healthy individuals. Genome transcriptome profiling data displayed differences in gene expression between UVA-treated lymphocytes from MM patients and HCs. Peripheral lymphocytes from MM patients are more susceptible to the genotoxic effects of UVA compared to healthy individuals. Our previous studies showed that UVA exposure of various intensities caused significant differences in the levels of DNA damage between lymphocytes from cancer patients compared to HCs through the LGS assay. The present study's results provide further credibility to the LGS assay as a screening test for cancer detection. Peripheral lymphocytes could be a promising blood biopsy biomarker for staging of carcinomas and prevention of carcinoma progression at early stages.

Computed tomography colonography for the practicing radiologist: A review of current recommendations on methodology and clinical indications.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most relevant causes of morbidity and mortality in Western societies. CRC screening is actually based on faecal occult blood testing, and optical colonoscopy still remains the gold standard screening test for cancer detection. However, computed tomography colonography (CT colonography) constitutes a reliable, minimally-invasive method to rapidly and effectively evaluate the entire colon for clinically relevant lesions. Furthermore, even if the benefits of its employment in CRC mass screening have not fully established yet, CT colonography may represent a reasonable alternative screening test in patients who cannot undergo or refuse colonoscopy. Therefore, the purpose of our review is to illustrate the most updated recommendations on methodology and the current clinical indications of CT colonography, according to the data of the existing relevant literature.

Value of circulating DNA concentration and integrity as a screening test for detection of cancer in an Egyptian cohort

BackgroundCell-free DNA (CFDNA) is extracellular nucleic acids found in cell-free plasma/serum of humans. This study aims to quantitatively measure CFDNA concentration and integrity in patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases and in healthy controls to investigate their value as a screening test for cancer, and then to correlate them with the clinicopathological parameters of cancer patients. AimThis study included 145 subjects divided into three groups; group I: 83 patients with different types of cancer, group II: 30 patients with benign diseases and group III: 30 normal healthy volunteers as control. One plasma sample was collected from each subject. CFDNA was extracted from plasma and its concentration was measured using Quant-iT™ PicoGreen dsDNA Assay Kit, then CFDNA integrity was detected by conventional PCR for 100, 200, 400 and 800bp. ResultsResults revealed that there was a highly significant difference in the mean level of CFDNA between the cancer group and each of the benign and control groups. AUC of ROC curve for cancer group versus normal and benign groups were 0.968 and 0.928, which indicated the efficiency of CFDNA as a marker for cancer. As for CFDNA integrity, normal and benign subjects showed only two bands at 100 and 200bp, while all cancer patients demonstrated the 100, 200 and 400bp bands and 78% of cancer patients had the 800bp whose presence was statistically correlated with vascular invasion. ConclusionSubjects with CFDNA ⩽100ng/μl would be cancer-free; subjects with CFDNA value ⩾600ng/μl could be diagnosed as cancer patients, while those with CFDNA between 100 and 600ng/μl will need DNA integrity to identify non-cancer from cancer patients. Thus plasma CFDNA in combination with DNA integrity could be used as a screening test for cancer detection.