Exact Faddeev-type three-body equations are applied to the study of the proton transfer reactions $(d,n)$ in the system consisting of a nuclear core and two nucleons. The integral equations for the three-body transition operators are solved in the momentum-space framework including the Coulomb interaction via the screening and renormalization method. For a weakly bound final nucleus the calculation of the $(d,n)$ reaction is more demanding in terms of the screening radius as compared to the $(d,p)$ reaction. Well-converged differential cross section results are obtained for $^{7}\text{Be}(d,n)^{8}\text{B}$, $^{12}\text{C}(d,n)^{13}\text{N}$, and $^{16}\text{O}(d,n)^{17}\text{F}$ reactions. A comparison with the corresponding $(d,p)$ reactions is made. The calculations fail to reproduce the shape of the angular distribution for reactions on $^{12}\text{C}$ but provide quite successful description for reactions on $^{16}\text{O}$, especially for the transfer to the $^{17}\text{F}$ excited state $1/{2}^{+}$ when using a nonlocal optical potential.