Screening For Risk Factors Research Articles

Evaluation of stroke in pregnant and non-pregnant women of reproductive years: A multicenter ambispective cohort study in a low- to middle-income country.

Early recognition of stroke symptoms and risk factors is important for timely intervention to improve outcomes. This study aimed to investigate differences in stroke frequency, risk factors, and presentation in pregnant and non-pregnant women of reproductive years. This multicenter ambispective cohort study, conducted from 4th August 2021 to 4th March 2023, examined strokes in women of reproductive years at the neurology outpatient/emergency department of five busiest/referred neuro-medical facilities in Karachi, Pakistan, where patients from across the nation are assessed. In all, 1210 patients were enrolled via consecutive or convenient sampling retrospectively from January 2017 to August 2021 and prospectively from August 2021 to March 2023. Pregnancy-related and non-pregnancy-related stroke occurrence and characteristics were compared using the chi-square/Fischer's exact test. 56% were non-pregnancy-related strokes and 44% were pregnancy-related strokes with non-pregnancy-related strokes approximately equal throughout the reproductive years (15-24 years = 34%, 25-34 years = 25%, 35-45 years = 41%) and pregnancy-related stroke between 15 and 35 years (82%). In the non-pregnancy-related stroke, arterial stroke dominated (96.4%); while in pregnancy-related stroke, arterial stroke accounted for 61.4% and venous stroke for 38.6% of cases. Middle cerebral artery was a typical stroke site (66%). Infarction was the most significant CT/MRI finding (PRS = 89%, NPRS = 66%), with pregnancy-related stroke hemorrhagic stroke occurring in only 11% of cases and non-pregnancy-related stroke comprising one-third (34%). The most prevalent etiologies were eclampsia in pregnancy-related stroke (32%), hypertension in non-pregnancy-related stroke (40%), and cardiac problems among both groups (25%:33%). Weakness and headache were the common clinical manifestations among both groups. In the pregnancy-related and non-pregnancy-related stroke groups, the initial presentation of stroke resulted in severe disability for 91% and 75%, respectively. With timely treatment, the outcome improved significantly. The mortality rate was 7% for the pregnancy-related stroke group and 4% for the non-pregnancy-related stroke group. Our findings show that stroke is prevalent among reproductive-year women, posing a significant mortality risk if not adequately recognized and treated. Awareness, research, and screening of stroke risk factors and their often-overlooked early presentation (i.e., headache and weakness) in reproductive years are essential to reducing stroke occurrence among reproductive-year women.

Cardiovascular risk screening: a 10-year prediction cross-sectional study in a Nigerian agrarian community.

cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health issue with a high global death rate and a significant death contribution from low-and middle-income countries. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors assessment and screening are important in their effective prevention and control. This study was designed to screen and assess cardiovascular risk factors in an agrarian community in Nigeria and to predict their 10-year CVD risk. this was a cross-sectional study carried out in the Umueri community in Anambra State, Nigeria. Each participant responded to an epidemiologic survey using the World Health Organization (WHO) cardiovascular risk factors assessment tool with point-of-care screening procedures. The risk assessment for 10-year CV risk was conducted using region-specific WHO/ISH charts. Patients´ characteristics were analyzed and presented in frequencies and percentages. the mean age, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and total cholesterol of the study population were 54 years ± 1.27, 132 mmHg ± 2.088, 130 mg/dl ± 4.608, and 215 mg/dl ± 10.355 respectively. However, 98 (48.8%) have never had their blood pressure checked. About a quarter of the population had a high predicted risk of developing CVD within 10 years. most of the assessed cardiovascular risk factors in the community are on average above the normal ranges and their probability risk of developing CVD within the next 10 years is high.

A machine learning-based predictive model for biliary stricture attributable to malignant tumors: a dual-center retrospective study.

Biliary stricture caused by malignant tumors is known as Malignant Biliary Stricture (MBS). MBS is challenging to differentiate clinically, and accurate diagnosis is crucial for patient prognosis and treatment. This study aims to identify the risk factors for malignancy in all patients diagnosed with biliary stricture by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and to develop an effective clinical predictive model to enhance diagnostic outcomes. Through a retrospective study, data from 398 patients diagnosed with biliary stricture using ERCP between January 2019 and January 2023 at two institutions: the First People's Hospital affiliated with Jiangsu University and the Second People's Hospital affiliated with Soochow University. The study began with a preliminary screening of risk factors using univariate regression. Lasso regression was then applied for feature selection. The dataset was divided into a training set and a validation set in an 8:2 ratio. We analyzed the selected features using seven machine learning algorithms. The best model was selected based on the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUROC) and other evaluation indicators. We further evaluated the model's accuracy using calibration curves and confusion matrices. Additionally, we used the SHAP method for interpretability and visualization of the model's predictions. RF model is the best model, achieved an AUROC of 0.988. Shap result indicate that age, stricture location, stricture length, carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), total bilirubin (TBil), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), (Direct Bilirubin) DBil/TBil, and CA199/C-Reactive Protein (CRP) were risk factors for MBS, and the CRP is a protective factor. The model's effectiveness and stability were confirmed, accurately identifying high-risk patients to guide clinical decisions and improve patient prognosis.

Improving Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factor Screening Among Older Adults: A Quality Improvement Project

Improving Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factor Screening Among Older Adults: A Quality Improvement Project

Improving Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factor Screening Among Older Adults: A Quality Improvement Project

Improving Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factor Screening Among Older Adults: A Quality Improvement Project

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BUKU SAKU TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN SKRINING FAKTOR RESIKO HIPERTENSI PADA REMAJA PUTRI SMA

The World Health Organization indicates that non-communicable diseases are by far the leading cause of death worldwide, representing 63% of all annual deaths. The number of new cases that occurred in Boyolali II was 8,444 people with hypertension. It is important to carry out early screening since adolescence, this is because women will experience pregnancy, and later if teenagers experience hypertension, during pregnancy they will be at risk of suffering from preeclampsia. The aim of this research was to see whether there was an effect of giving pocket books on knowledge of screening for hypertension risk factors among female students at SMA 2 Boyolali. This type of research is quantitative research using a pre-experimental design using the Wilcoxon bivariate test. The population in this study was female students at SMA 2 Boyolali for the 2021/2022 academic year, totaling 317 with a quota sampling technique of 90 people using the Slovin formula. The conclusion of this research is that health education has an influence on knowledge of screening for hypertension risk factors in teenage students at SMA 2 Boyolali (0.000<0.05). By providing health education as an effort to increase knowledge from an early age regarding screening for hypertension risk factors. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide input to young students, especially young female students at SMA 2 Boyolali, to gain more knowledge about hypertension so that they can help avoid things that should not be consumed or done to avoid hypertension from an early age.

An IT-supported multidimensional approach for frailty screening in community-dwelling older adults

Introduction: Frailty in older adults is characterised by a dynamic state of vulnerability with weakness and reduced physiological reserve leading to an increased risk of worsening in quality of life, falls, institutionalisation, disability and death [1]. The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of how an infectious hit can determine an increased mortality especially among older and vulnerable population subgroups [2], as well as a deterioration in their quality of life due to loneliness and limited access to health and social services. Frailty syndrome is a complex interplay between several factors, including, but not limited to, natural physiological changes in ageing, multi-morbidities, malnutrition, living environment, genetics and lifestyle [3]. Early screening for frailty risk factors in the community-dwelling older adult population allows preventive interventions on the clinical and social determinants of frailty, avoiding adverse events and contributing to improve the resilience of health care systems.
 Method: Programma Mattone Internazionale Salute (ProMIS), the Italian Ministry of Health's programme for innovation of regional health systems [4], built up a working group (WG) on Frailty, including doctors, nurses, home care professionals, physiotherapists, pharmacists, psychologists, dieticians, social workers, physical trainers and policy makers, to develop a proactive and integrated approach to detect frailty and its risk factors in community-dwelling older adult population.
 Results: The participatory activity of ProMIS’ WG led to the identification of an integrated approach aimed to connect the SUNFRAIL tool for the early identification of frailty in the over-65 population [5] to other in-depth scales for the assessment of specific dimensions of frailty, guiding subsequent diagnostic assessments for health promotion, disease prevention and intervention. An IT tool was developed for data collection, SUNFRAIL+, which includes, in addition to SUNFRAIL tools, the validated scales for screening the nine domains of frailty, which automatically generates alerts, thanks to which targeted interventions will be activated in the compromised domains. A national multi-centre observational study protocol has been designed to validate the approach by assessing the impact of early, integrated, and multi-professional care on the quality of life of the community-dwelling older adult population and the professional’s satisfaction.
 Conclusion and discussion: The study design builds on the tool developed by the SUNFRAIL EU project [6], and provides the background for bridging multidimensional interventions to prevent frailty and mitigate its consequences on quality of life and functional ability in community-dwelling older adults, exploiting available services in the different health care services. The study will also provide the information needed to design a logical model integrating coherent interventions in the framework of specific frailty domains.

The Combination of Uric Acid and Hemoglobin Levels Predicts the Incident Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease More Than Uric Acid Alone in Non-Diabetic Koreans: A Longitudinal Study Using National Health Insurance Data.

Uric acid has been related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, slightly elevated hemoglobin (Hb) was also shown to be associated with CVD. We retrospectively investigated the joint effect of uric acid and elevated Hb by comparing normal-range uric acid alone on incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk in a large cohort of non-diabetic Korean adults using National Health Insurance data. We assessed 16,786 participants without diabetes (8595 men and 8191 women) using extensive cohort data. High Hb was defined as ≥16.4 g/dL in men and 13.8 g/dL in women (>75th percentile). We analyzed the data using two different methods. First, the participants were divided into quartiles according to uric acid levels. Second, subjects were also divided into quartiles: reference (group 1), high uric acid and normal Hb (group 2), normal uric acid and high Hb (group 3), and normal uric acid and high Hb (group 4). We evaluated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD using multivariate Cox regression analysis over a 50-month follow-up. During the follow-up, 345 (1.9%) participants developed IHD. In the analysis using both uric acid and Hb, compared with the reference group, the HRs for IHD were 1.37 (95% CI, 1.01-1.86) in the second group, 1.63 (95% CI, 1.21-2.21) in the third group, and 1.86 (95% CI, 1.30-2.67) in the fourth group after adjusting for IHD risk factors. Subsequently, patients with high uric acid are more likely to develop incident IHD than control patients. Moreover, we confirmed the joint effects of high uric acid and high hemoglobin on incident IHD. Awareness of these interactions is essential for clinicians. Risk factor management and screening for IHD are part of the routine management of patients with high uric acid and Hb.

Primary Care Utilization and Cardiovascular Screening in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer

Cardiovascular disease is the leading noncancer cause of premature death among survivors of childhood cancer. Adult survivors of childhood cancer are largely managed by primary care practitioners (PCPs), and health care utilization patterns related to cardiovascular screening are not well described. To examine screening and health care utilization among survivors of childhood cancer at high risk for cardiovascular complications. This multicenter cross-sectional study included participants enrolled in a randomized clinical trial from 2017 to 2021. Abstracted documentation of participants' cancer history, cardiotoxic treatment exposures, and survivorship care plans were obtained from participants' PCPs spanning 2 years preceding trial enrollment. Participants were members of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort at elevated risk for ischemic heart disease or heart failure, enrolled in a randomized trial focused on improving cardiovascular risk factor control. Data were analyzed from November 2022 to July 2023. Outcomes of interest were numbers of PCP and specialist visits, cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes), risk factor screening, and cardiac testing. Multivariable logistic regression assessed characteristics associated with up-to-date cardiac testing at enrollment. Of 347 enrolled participants, 293 (84.4%) had evaluable medical records (median [range] age, 39.9 [21.5-65.0] years; 149 [50.9%] male) and were included in analyses. At baseline, 238 participants (81.2%) had a documented PCP encounter; 241 participants (82.3%) had undergone blood pressure screening, 179 participants (61.1%) had undergone lipid testing, and 193 participants (65.9%) had undergone diabetes screening. A total of 63 participants (21.5%) had echocardiography completed or planned. Only 198 participants (67.6%) had records referencing a cancer history. PCP documentation of prior cardiotoxic exposures was low compared with known exposures, including radiation therapy (103 participants [35.2%] vs 203 participants [69.3%]; P < .001) and anthracycline chemotherapy (27 participants [9.2%] vs 222 participants [75.8%]; P = .008). Few records referenced a need for cancer-related late effects surveillance (95 records [32.4%]). Independent factors associated with cardiac screening included documentation of increased cardiovascular disease risk (odds ratio [OR], 11.94; 95% CI, 3.37-42.31), a late-effects surveillance plan (OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.69-9.11), and existing cardiovascular risk factors (OR per each additional factor, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.32-3.31). This cross-sectional study of adult survivors of childhood cancer at increased risk of cardiovascular disease found low adherence to recommended cardiac testing and documentation of risk for these individuals. Improving accuracy of reporting of survivors' exposures and risks within the medical record may improve screening.

Construction and validation of a predictive model for the risk of bowel resection in adults with incarcerated groin hernia

BackgroundIt is difficult to definitively determine the degree of ischemia in the bowel in which an incarcerated groin hernia is embedded. Failure to diagnose and intervene promptly and accurately increases the rate of bowel resection and patient mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate the risk factors for incarcerated inguinal hernia complicating bowel necrosis with resection and to establish a predictive model as a reference for clinical work.MethodsPatients with incarcerated groin hernia who were admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into bowel resection and non-bowel resection groups based on whether bowel resection was performed in the surgical record and postoperative pathological results. Risk factors for the development of bowel resection in incarcerated groin hernia were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression, respectively. The screened independent risk factors were used to establish a prediction model, and finally, the predictive ability and accuracy of the model were validated and the clinical benefit was analyzed.ResultsA total of 345 patients with incarcerated groin hernia were included, of whom 58 underwent bowel resection for bowel necrosis and 287 did not. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis identified bowel obstruction (OR, 7.285 [95% CI, 2.254–23.542], P = 0.001), peritonitis (OR, 16.786 [95% CI, 5.436–51.838], P = 0.000), duration of incarcerated groin hernia (OR, 1.009 [95% CI, 1. 001-1.018], P = 0.034), heart rate (OR, 1.109 [95% CI, 1.021–1.205], P = 0.014), and preoperative total protein (OR, 0.900 [95% CI, 0.836–0.969], P = 0.005) were independent risk factors for bowel resection in incarcerated groin hernia. The predictive value of the established prediction model was basically in agreement with the measured value with a consistency index of 0.938 (0.901–0.974) and had a good clinical benefit.ConclusionClinical screening and management of independent risk factors for bowel resection in patients with incarcerated groin hernia should be strengthened. The predictive model developed in this study has high diagnostic efficacy for bowel resection associated with incarcerated inguinal hernia, with the aim of reducing the incidence of bowel resection and unplanned secondary surgery.

Trends in Risk Factors for Peripartum Depression in Socio-economically Disadvantaged Childbearing Community

Introduction: Perinatal depression is defined as a depressive episode(s) during the pregnancy and/or postpartum period up to one year. Studies have shown that childbearing people in urban settings experience a higher burden of social factors, such as low socioeconomic status, which may influence the likelihood of developing perinatal depression. Of note, episodes of perinatal depression have been shown to negatively impact child development. Our study has identified population trends in Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scores &gt;10 during perinatal periods alongside significant social risk factors for people served by LSA Family Health Service providing skilled home-based nursing visits to reduce adverse outcomes. Methods: A retrospective chart review of nursing notes from 2009-2017 was conducted for this cross-sectional study. Outcome measures included antepartum (AP) and postpartum (PP) Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scores, with a score of &gt; 10, suggesting a positive risk for developing depression. Data were grouped and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software (SPSS version 23). Data have been presented as yearly population percentages scoring &gt;10 on their CES-D screen. Results: The maternal outreach program (MOP) enrolled 1,183 birthing individuals from 2009-2017. The mean parental age was 27 years. 70% were Latinx (n=829) and 20.88% (n=247) were Black. Spanish was the primary language for 43.62% (n=516) of participants. Among CES-D screens completed in the antepartum period, 4.5% to 24.6% of the population met criteria over the 9-year study period for risk of developing depression. Positive CES-D screens completed postpartum ranging from 11.9% to 27.2% during the study period. Significant risk factors for positive postpartum CES-D screens were postpartum risk assessment score (p=0.03), increased gestational age (p=0.05), low income (p=0.03), teen/inexperienced parents (p=0.003), and low education levels (p=0.04). Conclusion: Trends of positive antepartum and postpartum depression screens in this population have fluctuated over the study period; however, we have identified significant risk factors for positive postpartum screens. Screening for postpartum depression risk factors is important to identify birthing parents who may most benefit from mental health interventions.

Chinese version of exercise dependence scale-revised: psychometric analysis and exploration of risk factors.

Exercise addiction (EA) is a dysfunctional behavior characterized by exaggerated training which has adverse effects on physiology and psychology. To examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R) and the social and psychological aspects related to EA, a large sample behavioral study was conducted. College students were selected as the target group. All of them were asked to finish the scales about exercise, including the Chinese version of EDS-R and the Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised scales. A confirmatory factor analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and hierarchical regression test were performed to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of EDS-R and find the explanatory variables of EA. A total of 837 (556 female) students with a mean age of 20.38 years were recruited in the present study. The Chinese version of EDS-R showed good reliability and validity (McDonald's ω = 0.973, CR = 0.99, AVE = 0.80) in Chinese college students. EA was positively correlated with exercise frequency and ability motivation across the study sample. Besides, the Mann-Whitney U test revealed that the exercise motivation difference is the primary cause of the gender gap in EA. The Chinese version of EDS-R is a relatively robust and accurate instrument to assess the risk of EA. Additionally, exercise frequency and motivation may be the potential risk factors for EA. The screening of risk factors is of great significance for the early detection and prevention of EA.

Men with erectile dysfunction (ED) should be screened for cardiovascular risk factors - Cost-benefit considerations in Swiss men.

Background: Current evidence indicates that erectile dysfunction (ED) is an independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of screening and subsequent preventive treatment for cardiovascular risk factors among men newly diagnosed with ED from the Swiss healthcare system perspective. Methods: Based on known data on ED and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence and incidence costs and effects of a screening intervention for cardiovascular risk including corresponding cardiovascular prevention in men with ED were calculated for the Swiss population over a period of 10 years. Results: Screening and cardiovascular prevention over a period of 10 years in Swiss men with ED of all seriousness degrees, moderate and severe ED only, or severe ED only can probably avoid 41,564, 35,627, or 21,206 acute CVD events, respectively. Number needed to screen (NNS) to prevent one acute CVD event is 30, 23, and 10, respectively. Costs for the screening intervention are expected to be covered at the seventh, the fifth, and the first year, respectively. Conclusion: Screening and intervention for cardiovascular risk factors in men suffering from ED is a cost-effective tool not only to strengthen prevention and early detection of cardiovascular diseases but also to avoid future cardiovascular events.

Exploring factors related to clinically advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

ABSTRACT Objectives To describe the clinical profile of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients in a Texas integrated delivery network (IDN) and elucidate the local relationship between patient factors and the risk of advanced fibrosis. Methods This observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study utilized existing data from the electronic health record at a large Texas IDN. Data was collected during the study period from 1 January 2019, to 1 March 2023. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, labs, and medication orders were collected from the most recent encounter in which a Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score could be calculated. Chi square tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted to evaluate differences among the three fibrosis risk categories. Ordinal logistic regression was utilized to assess associations between select variables and a higher risk of advanced fibrosis. Results A total of 56,253 patients were included in the study. 34,839 (61.9%) were Low-Risk 15,578 (27.7%) were Intermediate-Risk, and 5,836 (10.4%) were High-Risk of advanced fibrosis. Results showed that up to 70.4% of patients within a risk group were obese. Only 49.5% of patients in the High-Risk group had at least one gastroenterologist or hepatologist visit. Males, Medicare patients, former smokers, and those with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were associated with a higher risk of advanced fibrosis. Conclusion This study highlights the need for early screening and proactive management of metabolic risk factors for patients with NAFLD/NASH. The findings indicate a notable prevalence of obesity in the study population, a need for specialist referral for those at High-Risk of advanced fibrosis, and the importance of routine labs to evaluate metabolic factors. Primary care providers may be ideal providers to target these interventions and address this care need.

Evaluating the Predictive Value of a Short Preoperative Holistic Risk Factor Screening Questionnaire in Preventing Persistent Pain in Elective Adult Surgery: Study Protocol for a Prospective Observational Pragmatic Trial [PERISCOPE

Evaluating the Predictive Value of a Short Preoperative Holistic Risk Factor Screening Questionnaire in Preventing Persistent Pain in Elective Adult Surgery: Study Protocol for a Prospective Observational Pragmatic Trial [PERISCOPE

1873. The role of electronic health record note templates to improve screening for tuberculosis risk factors in children

Abstract Background Children should be evaluated annually for tuberculosis (TB) risk factors to detect and treat latent TB infection (LTBI), but there are gaps in screening and documentation. Embedding TB questions in an electronic health record (EHR) note template may increase screening. Methods TB risk assessment questions were added to the well-child and -adolescent note templates at a Federally Qualified Health Center in Oakland, California in 2014. We extracted EHR data from all well patient visits from individuals 1-19 years old without a past medical history of latent or active TB over a 7-year period. We compared the proportion of visits that documented TB risk factor screening, before and after introduction of the note template and annually. Results We examined 18,681 visits from 2014-2020, of which 7,071 (38%) were for children 1-4 years old, and 3,556 (19%) preferred a language other than English. One year after embedding TB risk factor questions in the note template, TB risk assessment increased from 76% to 92% (p = 0.02). In the subsequent six years, TB risk factor screening remained high ( &amp;gt;90%) and sustained (Figure 1). This trend was also seen among visits for those whose primary language spoken was not English. Screening for adolescents ≥12 years old improved over time (63% to 86%) but had lower overall screening than children 1-4 years old (≥90%) (Figure 1, p &amp;lt; 0.01). The lines represent the proportion of well-child or -adolescent visits that have documentation of a TB risk assessment, overall and for children who prefer a language other than English, as well as for children aged 1-4 years old and those older than 12. The red horizontal line indicates that assessments for TB risk factors were completed in 90% of visits during the given year. Conclusion A simple EHR-based intervention can significantly improve screening and documentation for TB risk factors in the primary care setting and suggests that additional EHR solutions may address other gaps in the LTBI care cascade. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Pembentukan Desa Mitra Santun Lansia di Desa Tunas Mudo Sekernan Ilir Muaro Jambi

Advances in the health sector affected to the quality of all aspects of life including health services for the elderly. The ageing process in the elderly reduced their independence in maintaining health and independence in carrying out daily activities. The elderly were also very vulnerable to non-communicable diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, stroke and diabetes. Elderly people in the community can be empowered in terms of health education, screening for health risk factors and maintaining physical exercise. One of the strategies to increase the participation of the elderly’s provided elderly-friendly areas in a sustainable manner. This activity is the development of a partner village with the concept of an elderly-friendly village in Tunas Mudo Village, the Working Area of the Sekernan Ilir Muaro Jambi Health Center, which was carried out from July to September 2022. In the early stages of the activity, coordination was established with the Head of the Public Health Center and the local Village Head, then socialization was carried out with cadres, villagers and the elderly. At the implementation stage, there are 3 activities of screening and exercise for the elderly. This community service activity results investigated the health volunteer knowledge that was slightly increased for identifying changes in the elderly and maintaining the health of the elderly, the participation of the elderly in screening activities and physical exercise was improved. Supervision should be carried out routinely so that the elderly and villagers are able to implement friendly health behavior for the elderly and reduce risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the elderly

The application of CRISPR genome editing technologies in the pathogenesis studies, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

The CRISPR genome editing technology shows great application prospects in gene manipulation and infectious disease research, and is of great value for effective control and cure of infectious diseases. It has been utilized to generate specific disease models in cells, organoids and animals, which provide great convenience for research into the molecular mechanisms associated with infectious diseases. CRISPR screening technology enables high-throughput identification of risk factors. New molecular diagnostic tools based on CRISPR offer a more sensitive and faster method for detecting pathogens. The use of CRISPR tools to introduce resistance genes or to specifically destroy risk genes and virus genomes is intended to help prevent or treat infectious diseases. This review discusses the application of CRISPR genome editing technologies in the construction of disease models, screening of risk factors, pathogen diagnosis, and prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, thereby providing a reference for follow-up research in pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

Atherosclerosis in Patients with Congenital Hemophilia: A Focus on Peripheral Artery Disease.

Advances in the treatment of hemophilia have increased the life expectancy of this population and we are currently facing diseases associated with aging, including cardiovascular ones. Coronary atherosclerosis, with acute myocardial infarction as the most severe form of manifestation, has been recognized as part of the comorbidities of hemophiliacs. However, little is known about peripheral artery disease. Available data show that hemophiliacs have cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis similar to the general population. Impaired thrombus formation and phenotype of atheroma plaque rather than the burden of atherosclerosis explains their lower cardiovascular mortality. Since the effect of traditional cardiovascular risk factors overpowers that of decreased coagulability and promotes the onset and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, screening for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and peripheral artery disease should be integrated into standard hemophilia care. There is evidence that invasive treatments and long-term antithrombotic therapy are generally safe, provided that coagulation factor levels are taken into account and replacement therapy is given when necessary.

Opportunistic health screening for cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors in primary care dental practices: experiences from a service evaluation and a call to action

Introduction Substantial evidence has established associations between oral health and chronic diseases, mediated by common risk factors and inflammatory processes. Dental professionals are aptly positioned to screen for cardiovascular disease and diabetes high-risk indicators. This article presents a service evaluation of two dental practices delivering health screening in dental practice, and a call to action for the wider profession.Methods Following training, two general dental practices implemented a suite of health screens, including blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio. A service evaluation was undertaken to review and improve service provision.Results Most patients (78.4%) had blood pressure values above normal range. More than half (55.8%) were outside of the healthy range for BMI. Out-of-range results for cholesterol were observed in less than one-fifth (16.7%). High blood glucose values were observed for few patients (3.3%).Conclusion Dental professionals can be successfully trained to deliver health screening interventions. Out-of-range health screening results offer an opportunity to provide targeted health advice for both the oral and general health. Clear protocols and careful interpretation of screening tests are required to minimise patients' confusion. More robust alliances between dental and general medical care are recommended.