Oral Cancer Screening Research Articles

Oral Cancer Knowledge and Screening Practices Among Dental Professionals in Yemen: a Web-Based Survey.

Good knowledge and screening practices of dental professionals for oral cancer (OC) will inevitably improve its prognosis. The present study sought to evaluate OC knowledge and practices among dental professionals in Yemen. This study was conducted among Yemeni dentists. The used tool was a prevalidated online questionnaire composed of items on the knowledge, practices, and barriers of OC screening and early detection. The data were managed and analysed using SPSS Version 28.0. A total of 506 dental professionals completed the questionnaire. The participants showed moderate levels of knowledge on risk factors and clinical signs of OC. While the majority reported tobacco (89.9%) as a potential risk factor, only 76.7% and 57.5% of the subjects reported a potential role for alcohol consumption and old age. Regarding clinical signs, the majority reported that OC can present as nonhealing ulcer (90.3%) or white/red patch (87.2%), yet only 73.7% reported that it can present as swelling/lump, and around 32% reported that teeth attrition is one of its clinical signs. Concerning practices, most of the participants reported asking their patients about their tobacco habits (84%), routinely examine patients' oral mucosa (81.4%), and refer suspicious lesions to specialists (91.3%). Only 44.9% reported feeling confident regarding their knowledge and training on OC. Specialists and those who attended educational courses on OC were more knowledgeable, more confident, and showed better practices than their counterparts. Inadequate knowledge/training, lack of time, and lack of financial compensation were the most reported barriers to OC screening and early detection. The present study indicates marked gaps in the knowledge and screening practices of OC among Yemeni dentists. Therefore, conducting periodic continuing courses along with interventional trainings are urgently recommended to address these gaps.

Awareness of Oral Cancer in a Sample of Iraqi Dental Students

Abstract Background: The morbidity and mortality rates that are linked to oral cancer are significantly reduced through early detection and prevention. Dental undergraduates are essential in identifying expected oral cancer cases and promoting oral health, as they are future dental professionals. This study aimed to estimate knowledge and attitudes toward oral cancer and its prevention in a sample of Iraqi dental students in the College of Dentistry University of Baghdad. Methods: The study was conducted by a questionnaire consisting of 12 questions regarding knowledge and awareness about oral cancer was provided to 156 dental students in the third, fourth, and fifth grades. The data collected was tabulated, and subjected to statistical analysis, and thus results were obtained. Result: In the study sample females comprised the majority (67.9%). It was found that 69.2% of students were aware of oral cancer and 98.7% believed early detection is crucial. only 35.3% always do oral mucosal examination, 80.1% of students educate their patients about a healthy lifestyle to decrease the possibility of oral cancer, and 53.8% replied having the ability to detect premalignant lesions. Smoking is the main risk factor for oral cancer identified by 75.6%. Squamous cell carcinoma was being the most prevalent form of oral malignancy among 91% of participants. 61.5% considered tongue and floor of the mouth as risky areas and 44.2% reported ulcer as the most common clinical presentation of oral cancer. Conclusion: Though the students have good general knowledge, it is important to modify the academic curriculum and provide ongoing post-academic medical training, especially practical, to develop the essential abilities for accurate oral cancer screening.

Do the recorded cases of oral cancer correspond to the actual numbers in India: The necessity of properly designed screening and surveying initiatives.

To evaluate whether recorded cases of oral cancer in India align with actual prevalence, identify gaps in screening efforts, and propose strategies for effective nationwide screening and surveying initiatives. A comprehensive review of secondary data, including global and national surveys, government statistics, and published studies, to analyze the prevalence of oral cancer and tobacco use and identify barriers to screening. Data from GLOBOCAN 2022, National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5), Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 (GATS-2), and related studies were analyzed to assess oral cancer prevalence, tobacco usage, and screening participation. The study examined screening uptake by demographic and geographic factors, challenges in program implementation, and cost-effective strategies for improving screening outreach. Oral cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in India, with 143,759 new cases and a mortality rate of 8.7%. However, screening participation is low, with only 1.2% of men and 0.9% of women screened, varying widely across states. Tobacco use is widespread, with 29% of adults consuming tobacco, often starting at a young age, and involuntary smokeless tobacco use remains prevalent due to its incorporation into dental care products. Studies show that mass or high-risk group screening, conducted every 10 years, can significantly reduce oral cancer mortality. Challenges such as lack of awareness, inadequate healthcare infrastructure in rural areas, and insufficient trained professionals hinder effective screening. The disparity between recorded and actual oral cancer cases necessitates nationwide screening programs, particularly targeting individuals under 30. Telemedicine, community-based strategies, and the involvement of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) and volunteers can address barriers, enhance early detection, and reduce oral cancer burden in India. These measures will help guide future national survey programs and improve oral health outcomes.

Behavior Changes for Smokers and Betel Quid Chewers Participating in the Organized Oral Mucosal Screening Between 2010 and 2021 in Taiwan

Objective: To investigate the likelihood of smoking and betel quid chewing behavior changes, as well as the associated factors, among subjects in a nationwide oral cancer screening program in Taiwan, where oral cancer is the fourth leading malignancy in men. Methods: The Taiwanese Oral Cancer Screening Program targets smokers and betel quid chewers over the age of 30. Between 2010 and 2021, 2,578,245 individuals participated in the program at least twice. During each visit, the central data monitoring center collected information on gender, age, education level, smoking and betel quid chewing habits, the quantities consumed, and diagnoses of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer. A three-state Markov chain exponential regression model was employed to assess the probabilities of behavior change—deterioration, maintenance, or improvement—and the factors influencing these changes. Results: The largest proportion of both smokers and betel quid chewers remained unchanged in the repeated attendees. The smoking cessation transition result was less than 10%, whereas the reduction in dosage exceeded 20%. However, the discontinuation of betel quid chewing was observed in more than 20% of individuals in the low-dose group, and there was also a reduction in dosage of more than 20%. The positive OPMDs caused the progression of the Net Force Progression (NFP) from an initial stage of none, as well as the NFP between low and high doses of both smoking and betel quid chewing. Higher levels of education, residing in urban areas, and receiving screenings in large hospitals help to avoid the progressive NFP between low and high doses of smoking. Additionally, these factors also help to prevent the development of the NFP from an initial stage of none, as well as the progressive NFP between low and high doses of betel quid chewing. Conclusion: Participation in an oral cancer screening program can effectively enhance hazardous oral behaviors, including smoking and betel quid chewing. Although it may not have a substantial effect on smoking cessation, it can decrease the daily consumption of cigarettes. This approach demonstrates encouraging outcomes in encouraging individuals to quit betel quid chewing and decrease their daily consumption. Higher levels of education, urban residency, and receiving screenings at large hospitals all have a good impact on reducing dangerous oral cancer behaviors.

Artificial Intelligence in Oral Cancer: A Comprehensive Scoping Review of Diagnostic and Prognostic Applications

Background/Objectives: Oral cancer, the sixth most common cancer worldwide, is linked to smoke, alcohol, and HPV. This scoping analysis summarized early-onset oral cancer diagnosis applications to address a gap. Methods: A scoping review identified, selected, and synthesized AI-based oral cancer diagnosis, screening, and prognosis literature. The review verified study quality and relevance using frameworks and inclusion criteria. A full search included keywords, MeSH phrases, and Pubmed. Oral cancer AI applications were tested through data extraction and synthesis. Results: AI outperforms traditional oral cancer screening, analysis, and prediction approaches. Medical pictures can be used to diagnose oral cancer with convolutional neural networks. Smartphone and AI-enabled telemedicine make screening affordable and accessible in resource-constrained areas. AI methods predict oral cancer risk using patient data. AI can also arrange treatment using histopathology images and address data heterogeneity, restricted longitudinal research, clinical practice inclusion, and ethical and legal difficulties. Future potential includes uniform standards, long-term investigations, ethical and regulatory frameworks, and healthcare professional training. Conclusions: AI may transform oral cancer diagnosis and treatment. It can develop early detection, risk modelling, imaging phenotypic change, and prognosis. AI approaches should be standardized, tested longitudinally, and ethical and practical issues related to real-world deployment should be addressed.

Efficacy of Rapid Salivary C-Reactive Protein Test to Assess Early Changes in Malignancy in the Oral Cavity and Its Utility in Screening for Oral Cancer.

Background/Objectives: The present study aimed to test the efficacy of the chair-side rapid salivary C-reactive protein assay kit in differentiating oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer from normal mucosa using whole salivary samples. Methods: In this study, unstimulated saliva samples of cases (OPMDs and oral cancer) and controls (systemically healthy subjects) were used to detect CRP levels using a novel colorimetric, quantitative rapid assay kit. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with a post hoc Dunn's test were applied to determine the difference in the mean and SD values between the case and control groups. ROC analysis was performed to identify the positive and negative likelihood ratios. Results: The mean calculated salivary CRP level in the oral cancer group was 4.21 ng/mL, in the OPMD group it was 2.51 ng/mL and in the healthy controls it was 0.7 ng/mL. Post hoc tests showed that the salivary CRP levels were significantly higher in the oral cancer and OPMD groups than in the controls. Conclusions: The present study showed that the novel rapid salivary test kit could significantly differentiate between the salivary CRP values of cases and controls but there was no significant difference between the OPMD and malignancy groups. It also showed higher sensitivity values, confirming the efficacy of this kit as a screening tool.

Use of Oral Rub and Rinse Technique for Oral Cancer Screening: Results from a Community-based Program in an LMIC.

Oral cancer screening programs can aid in the early identification of potentially malignant oral lesions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Oral Rub and Rinse (ORR) technique as an oral cancer screening tool and to test its potential in detecting genetic alterations in exfoliated cells obtained through ORR. The screening programs were conducted in rural Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts in Karnataka. All adults with red and/or white lesions were included in the study. Samples were collected using the ORR technique, and smears were prepared. In parallel, Conventional Exfoliative cytology (CEC) smears were also prepared. ORR samples and tissue biopsy were obtained from Classes III, IV, and V cases. Seven Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) tissue samples, 7 OSCC ORR samples, and five control samples were randomly selected. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in USP9X and DDX3X were checked through Sanger sequencing. Diagnostic agreement between the ORR and CEC technique was assessed using the McNemar test. A total of 2514 individuals were screened, of which 217 patients with red/ white lesions were included in the study. There was good agreement between the exfoliative cytology and ORR. The sensitivity of the ORR was 84.54%, specificity 85.83%, positive predictive value 82.83%, and negative predictive value 87.29%. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of the ORR technique was 85.25%. Although none of the samples showed the presence of target SNPs in USP9X and DDX3X genes, the utility of the ORR technique as a tool for conventional and molecular studies was confirmed. The present study highlights the usefulness of the ORR technique as an effective tool in population-based oral cancer screening programs. Further, the cells obtained from ORR are an excellent source of DNA and can potentially identify genetic alterations with high accuracy.

Development of AI-Derived, Non-Invasive, Label-Free 3D-Printed Microfluidic SERS Biosensor Platform Utilizing Cu@Ag/Carbon Nanofibers for Detection of Salivary Biomarkers in Mass Screening of Oral Cancer

Developing a non-invasive and reliable tool for the highly sensitive detection of oral cancer is essential for its mass screening, early diagnosis, and improving treatment efficacy. Herein, we utilized a...

Oral Health Practices in Home Care: A Report on Bonding and Care

Introduction: Home Care (HC) is a form of healthcare that provides patients with a comprehensive range of services. The guidelines of Brazil's National Oral Health Policy highlight HC as a key approach for expanding access to services and fostering a connection with the population. Methodology: This study presents an experience report from the Oral Health Team within the Family Health Strategy (FHS). The intervention period was from March to July 2023 in the city of Itatiba, SP. Results: A total of 25 patients received home care consultations, with an average age of 65 years. Eleven patients used full dentures, five had carious lesions, eight presented dental calculus, and one patient had an ulcerated lesion on the alveolar ridge. Interventions included oral hygiene guidance, restorative treatment, periodontal treatment, and referrals to secondary care for complementary exams. Conclusion: The study concluded that most procedures performed were denture guidance, atraumatic restorative treatment, and scaling and root planing. Additionally, the importance of oral cancer screening was highlighted, with one case identified in a patient. Moreover, the need for sensitivity and compassion in home care was emphasized, recognizing the conditions of both the patient and their family.

A Smartphone based Automated Primary Screening of Oral Cancer based on Deep Learning

In low- and middle-income countries, oral cancer is becoming more common. One factor delaying the discovery of oral cancer in rural areas is a lack of resources. To stop the disease from spreading, it is essential to quickly obtain information about any cancers. Therefore, it is essential to carry out early identification before it spreads. Primary screening is maintained in this study. Furthermore, deep neural network-based automated methods were used to produce complex patterns to address the challenging issue of assessing oral cancer infection. The goal of this work is to develop an Android application that uses a deep neural network to categorize oral photos into four groups: erythroplakia, leukoplakia, ulcer, and normal mouth. Convolutional neural networks and K-fold validation processes are used in this study’s methodology to create a customized Deep Oral Augmented Model (DOAM). Data augmentation techniques including shearing, scaling, rotation, and flipping are used to pre-process the images. A convolutional neural network is then used to extract features from the images Optimal configurations of max pooling layers, dropout, and activation functions have resulted in the attainment of maximum accuracies. By using the ”ELU” activation function in conjunction with RMSProp as the optimizer, the model achieves 96% validation accuracy, 96% precision, 96% F1 score, and 68% testing accuracy. The model is then deployed in TensorFlow Lite using an Android application.

A Literature Review on Oral Lumenoscopy: A Non-invasive Method for Diagnosing Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.

Dentistry still faces difficulties in diagnosing oral precancer and cancer, especially when it comes to early phase changes ordisease detection, evaluation, and treatment. In essence, oral lumenography is the process of identifying oral lesions using a chemiluminescent light source and a toluidine blue labeling system. Since neoplastic epithelial cells have a changed nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, acetic acid dehydration brings out this nuclear density and gives the tissue an "acetowhite" look. This phenomenon is further intensified when diffuse blue-white chemiluminescent illumination is created by using toluidine blue, which preferentially stains premalignant lesions, in place of ordinary lighting. In developing countries like India, oral cancer and other precancerous and malignant lesions of the oral cavity are very common. The most common diagnostic methods for oral mucosal lesions suggestive of malignancy or premalignancy are tissue samples and histological examination. There is a waiting period following this invasive operation before learning the diagnostic findings. Thus, the creation of a non-invasive screening instrument is required to detect oral cancer.Thus, the main goal of our work is to create a real-time, non-invasive diagnostic tool for oral cancer screening that is based on optical imaging methods like fluorescence emission imaging and diffuse reflectance imaging.To enhance clinical assessment and facilitate the diagnosis of premalignant and early-stage malignant lesions, numerous novel approaches have been developed. In this article, the purpose of a tissue reflectance-based analysis has been discussed. It is currently offered for sale under the ViziLite brand (Zila Pharmaceuticals, Phoenix, AZ, US) after being altered for usage in the oral cavity.

Oral Cancer Screening Among Indian Women within Reproductive Age-Group: Coverage, Determinants, Socio-Economic Disparities

Oral Cancer Screening Among Indian Women within Reproductive Age-Group: Coverage, Determinants, Socio-Economic Disparities

Preventive Examinations for Early Detection of Oral Cancer Conducted among Alcohol Addicts

Aim: This study evaluated oral cancer (OC) awareness, risk factors, preventive measures, and early detection in high-risk populations. Materials and methods: Participants included an experimental group (EG) of patients treated for alcohol-related mental disorders at University Hospital Center Sestre milosrdnice (June 2022-March 2023) and a control group (CG) screened during the Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Week (April 2023) at the University of Zagreb’s School of Dental Medicine. Both groups were surveyed to evaluate their understanding of OC, their opinions, smoking and alcohol consumption habits. Results: In a study of 282 participants, 68.1 % were in the EG and 31.9 % in the CG, with a gender distribution of 34.4 % female and 65.2 % male, and a median age of 52. Smoking was more prevalent in the EG (72.5 %) than in the CG (24.4 %). The EG also had significantly lower education levels (p < 0.009). Awareness of OC was high in both groups (73.2 % EG, 85.4 % CG), but only a small fraction had previously attended screening examinations (SE) (6.9 % EG, 18.7 % CG). A large majority believed that alcohol and smoking together increased OC risk (95.7 % EG, 98.7 % CG), and many expressed interest in learning more about OC (83.2 % EG, 75.3 % CG). Higher education was linked to more frequent SE attendance (p = 0.041) and lower smoking rates (p = 0.042). Conclusion: The study highlights the need for enhanced OC education and screening, especially among high-risk groups, to improve prevention and early detection efforts.

A Novel Noninvasive Approach, “DrOroscope,” for Early Detection of Dysplasia in Oral Mucosal Lesions: A Cross-sectional Study

Background Oral cancer is a significant global burden in the present scenario, and early detection has critical importance in improving the survival rate. Devices which aid in the early diagnosis of dysplastic lesions noninvasively are necessary to reduce the oral cancer burden and improve the quality of life of the patients. Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of DrOroscope in diagnosing dysplasia in oral mucosal lesions. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 40 individuals clinically diagnosed with oral mucosal lesions from various demographics in Hyderabad. Participants were screened using the DrOroscope device, which detects dysplastic changes via fluorescence imaging analyzed by artificial intelligence algorithms. Based on the image analysis, lesions were categorized as variable, borderline, or severe. Confirmatory biopsies were performed on all examined lesions, with histopathological results as the gold standard. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact test, Cohen’s kappa, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, were conducted using SPSS version 26.0 with a confidence interval at 95% and p < .05 significance. Results DrOroscope exhibited a sensitivity of 100.00% and a specificity of 69.23%. Positive predictive value was 87.10%, negative predictive value was 100.00%, and overall diagnostic accuracy was 90.00%. Cohen’s kappa value for agreement between DrOroscope and biopsy results was 0.752, indicating substantial agreement, and 0.539 for detecting dysplasia levels, indicating moderate agreement. The ROC curve analysis supported these findings, demonstrating excellent diagnostic performance. Conclusion The DrOroscope device is highly sensitive and accurate in detecting dysplastic changes in oral lesions, making it a promising adjunctive noninvasive diagnostic tool, especially in screening larger populations. This aids in the early diagnosis of dysplasia and thus reducing patients’ morbidity. However, further refinement and larger studies are needed to improve agreement with biopsy for grading of dysplasia. Clinical Significance of the Study DrOroscope plays a promising role in the early diagnosis of dysplasia. This can have a huge impact on the treatment plan, thereby improving the quality of life of the patient. Such devices play a crucial role in oral cancer screening programs, thus promoting awareness on early detection of oral cancer and also enhancing the effectiveness of oral cancer prevention.

Estimating the Benefits of Oral Cancer Screening: Challenges and Opportunities.

Screening is widely believed to facilitate early detection and improve health outcomes; however, recent evidence questions its overall benefits, highlighting the need for a critical assessment of cancer screening programs. The simplicity of clinical oral examination and the easy accessibility of the oral cavity make oral cancer a suitable candidate for opportunistic screening. Despite this uniqueness, studies that solidly assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of oral cancer screening are scanty, and the only large randomized trial undertaken so far shows limited evidence of mortality reduction through population screening. Research indicates that while early detection rates following screening may increase, they do not necessarily translate into decreased oral cancer deaths. This article emphasizes the need for a nuanced understanding of the benefits of screening, awareness of deceptive metrics and inherent biases in the context of early detection, and the importance of improving dentist education and introducing new technologies to enhance clinical decision-making. The review calls for a balanced and evidence-based approach to oral cancer screening, integrating it with broader oral health initiatives to maximize public health outcomes.

Validation of salivary proteomic biomarkers for early detection of oral cancer in the Egyptian population.

The present study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of important proteomic salivary biomarkers; IL-6, IL-8, and sCD44 in the early detection of oral cancer, and any possible associations with risk factors of oral cancer in an Egyptian population. The present investigation was conducted on 100 individuals; 25 healthy controls, 25 patients having oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) with dysplasia; 25 patients having OPMDs without dysplasia, and 25 oral cancer patients. Demographic data modified gingival index, oral hygiene level, and salivary levels of the biomarkers were assessed. Salivary levels of IL-6, IL-8, and sCD44 progressively increased with increased disease severity. Salivary IL-8 and IL-6 levels possess a discriminating potential from normal tissue through different degrees of dysplasia to oral cancer, sCD44 levels had a discriminating power between normal and dysplastic tissues with high sensitivity and specificity. A positive correlation was found between the three biomarkers and the grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and with different risk factors. This is the first study that evaluated multiple salivary proteomic biomarkers in the Egyptian population, and the results validate the ability of IL-6, IL-8, and sCD44 to be used as sensitive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for screening and early detection of oral cancer.

Promoting oral cancer screening by general practitioners in Australia: Strengthening primary healthcare.

Oral cancer remains a significant public health issue. General practitioners (GPs) can play an important role in raising awareness of oral cancer. This paper explores why providing advice relating to modifiable risk behaviours associated with oral cancer and undertaking routine oral cancer screening are important for GPs in clinical practice. To support GPs, an e-learning module on oral cancer screening, prevention and early detection was established as part of the Oral Cancer Screening and Prevention Program (funded by the Victorian Department of Health). The development of the e-learning module was led by Dental Health Services Victoria in partnership with The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP), and the content was developed in consultation with experts from the University of Melbourne, Cancer Council Victoria and the Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre. The Oral Cancer: Prevention, early detection and referral e-learning module was launched on the RACGP training website in November 2023.

Can oral cancer screening reduce late-stage diagnosis, treatment delay and mortality? A population-based study in Taiwan

ObjectiveThis study evaluates the effectiveness of Taiwan’s nationwide oral cancer screening programme in reducing late-stage diagnosis, treatment delays and mortality.DesignA retrospective cohort study was conducted.SettingThe study utilized Nationally representative datasets,...

Oral pathology in a population observed within an oral cancer screening developed in Portugal.

Oral cancer is a global public health problem. Late diagnosis leads to treatment delays, which consequently result in a worse prognosis and a decrease in the 5-year survival rate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the oral pathology in a population observed within an oral cancer screening developed in Portugal. Oral cancer opportunistic screening activities were conducted by the non-profit organization Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro ‑ Núcleo Regional do Sul (LPCC-NRS) and data collection occurred between March and December 2022. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data and lifestyle habits, followed by a clinical examination of the oral cavity. All individuals classified with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), or suspected lesions of malignant neoplasia were subsequently contacted between January and February 2023 and were questioned about undergoing a biopsy and its respective pathological examination result. Descriptive and analytical statistics were applied. A total of 2674 participants with a mean age of 57 years were screened. Fordyce granules (16.30%) were the most common non-pathological condition, and hairy tongue (11.04%) was the most frequently observed benign lesion. Leukoplakia (43.58%) was the most common oral potentially malignant disorder. Additionally, histological confirmation was obtained for the presence of 4 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), representing 0.15% of all population screened. Although benign pathology is the most frequently found, oral potentially malignant disorders and suspected malignant lesions were identified in 6.3% of participants in these oral cancer screenings. In this regard, we conclude that the oral cancer screening actions developed by LPCC-NRS were effective in identifying positive cases of OPMDs and oral cancer, using an intraoral visual examination of the oral cavity.

A Novel Electrochemical Biosensor for Oral Cancer Biomarker Detection

Oral cancer is a prominent public health concern, distinguished by the anomalous proliferation of cells in the oral cavity, especially the lips, tongue, cheeks, and throat. It represents a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, with microRNAs (miRNAs) playing pivotal roles in its development and progression. Given its impact and increasing cases worldwide, early detection and treatment are crucial for timely intervention and rapid outcomes. This work presents a biosensing platform for detecting miRNA oral cancer biomarkers in artificial saliva samples using impedimetric detection. The biosensor platform is based on a DNA/graphene bio-nanocomposite, and offers high sensitivity and specificity allowing for identifying target miRNA at low concentrations. This approach showcases a promising tool for non-invasive and early detection of oral cancer, potentially revolutionizing current diagnostic approaches1-2. Ziober, B.L., et al., Lab‐on‐a‐chip for oral cancer screening and diagnosis. Head & Neck, 2008.Badwelan, M., et al., Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Concomitant Primary Tumors, What Do We Know? A Review of the Literature. Current Oncology, 2023.