Film Exhibition Research Articles

Topical Film Forming Clotrimazole Emulgel

Abstract: Introduction: Clotrimazole is a weak base and is practically insoluble in water. To enhance drug loading of hydrophobic Clotrimazole in the formulation and, to circumvent greasiness, poor retention time and easy wipe off associated with conventional topicals, it was formulated as a Film Forming Emulgel. Materials and Methods: Preformulation studies were performed to evaluate solubility and emulsification of drug in oils and surfactants, and screening of gelling and film forming agents. Capryol 90 and Tween 80 were selected as the oil and surfactant, respectively. Sepineo P 600 and HPMC E4M were selected as the gelling agent and film forming agent respectively. The films were evaluated for peelability, tackiness, folding endurance, swelling index and cosmetic attractiveness. Results: The optimized formulation formed clear, uniform and adhesive films and exhibited similar in vitro and ex vivo release profiles, to that of the marketed product (α = 0.05, p=0.605 for in vitro diffusion). Dry and wet swab studies performed on the optimized formulation presented that the film formed exhibits good adhesion, lowered drug loss associated with wipe off and enhanced retention. In vivo dermal irritation test on Sprague-Dawley rats was also carried out. Release profiles were compared using multiple models with first order release being the best suited model for the optimized formulation (R2= 0.9932) and marketed product (R2=0.9859). Stability studies performed helped conclude the optimized formulation was stable. Conclusion: The developed formulation is an excellent alternative to emulgel and patches, overcoming the drawbacks of each by giving longer retention on the skin for prolonged therapy. Keywords: Adhesive film, Wipe-off resistant, Longer retention, Long term therapy, Antifungal.

Mislim

It is my one and a half year in this city. Quite naturally I met with people from different ways of life and backgrounds within this relatively short time span; I attended live concerts, festivals, film screenings, theatre and dance performances, public happenings etc. However, I think my perception is still unblemished in terms of prejudices toward the cultural scene in Ljubljana. In general, I think it is getting harder and harder to focus our attention on a single thing, but rather we get washed under unfiltered information from many directions, for the benefit of few. Being a multitasker in any occupation was a thing that has been practiced by less people then now. The roles were more precise for us to function within the modern society. Harnessing the attention has always been a part of human society and it is closely related with many kinds of economies, whether it is financial, affective, or political. In the meantime – as a recent additional actor – digital algorithms (which are owned by some elites and non-human corporate bodies) run and sustain a boring dystopia nowadays. Moreover, excessive use of media devices may be causing digital and chemical addictions and hormonal rushes to survive this condition.

Interpretation of a Literary Text in Cinema: V.O. Bogomolov's Novel “Ivan” and A.A. Tarkovsky's Film “Ivanovo Childhood”

The article explores film screening as a special form of literary text. Within the framework of the study, the concept of cinema screening, its classification and features of types, strengths and weaknesses of this format are considered. The problems arising during the transfer of literary works of art to the cinema screen are also characterized, around which discussions do not stop to this day. The study of these issues is carried out not only in theory, but also in practice, which is presented in the form of a comparison of V.O. Bogomolov's novel "Ivan" (1957) and the film A.A. Tarkovsky's Ivanovo Childhood (1962). In addition to identifying the differences between the original literary work and its transfer to the language of cinema, expressed in deviation from following the literary artistic text, changing individual scenes, added episodes and expanding some storylines of the original literary work, the creative task set by the director is determined, and how exactly it was achieved. The main research methods are the analysis of scientific literature on the research topic (used for a detailed examination of cinema screening as a special form of literary text) and comparative analysis (used when comparing the original literary text (V.O. Bogomolov's novel Ivan) and its film adaptation (A.A. Tarkovsky's film Ivanovo Childhood)). Because of the comparative analysis, a conclusion is drawn that contains answers to the questions: which of the types of film adaptations does this film belong to, as it is expressed in the film, and the reasons that led to this result are revealed.

Teaching transdisciplinary competencies for sustainability transformation by co-producing social learning videos

Film has great potential to initiate social learning processes. Therefore, working with film is suitable as a teaching format that enables co-production of knowledge and transformative learning. Through participatory filmmaking, students can acquire transdisciplinary competencies, which are necessary for sustainability transformations. We discuss how transdisciplinary competences can be acquired by building on transformative teaching by co-producing social learning videos.Dealing with complex societal problems requires transdisciplinary approaches and competencies. Inspired by debates on transformative teaching and participatory filmmaking, we show how we used the social learning video method to teach transdisciplinary competencies in a university setting. Using the design of future railway stations as an example, students interacted with external practice partners in real-world problem situations. As part of this process, they became aware of their own professional perspectives and critically reflected on the perspectives of their practice partners and the differences in their understanding of sustainability. In addition, they developed numerous transdisciplinary competences, such as defining a problem together, conducting group discussions and interviews, mediating among different viewpoints, allowing a common language to develop, and triggering “AHA!” moments in joint film screenings. As part of transdisciplinary and transformative teaching, it is important to provide access to external practice partners and working environments, enable students to engage and reflect, and provide nurturing and challenging framework conditions.

The post-heroism of Stuur Groete aan Mannetjies Roux and Verraaiers

There is much scholarship on the linkages between Afrikaner nationalism and South African (Afrikaans-language) filmmaking. Within the context of a sustained post-apartheid renegotiation of Afrikaans or Afrikaner nationalism in the popular imagination, in this article we argue that two feature film historical dramas from the production company Bosbok Ses Films, Stuur groete aan Mannetjies Roux (2013) and Verraaiers (2013), resonate thematically and aesthetically with Thomas Elsaesser’s notion of post-heroic cinema. While a number of pre-1994 Afrikaans-language films celebrated Afrikaner nationalism as personified in the figure of the hero, this article positions and uses Elsaesser’s post-heroism as a critical lens through which to demonstrate the ways in which these two films call attention to a post-hero whose actions and behaviour (often inadvertently) renders a productive renegotiating of the hero figure within a post-apartheid cinematic context. To supplement Elsaesser, we also draw on Johan Degenaar’s writing on political pluralism. In this article, we find that an Elsaesserian post-heroic approach to the two films allows the following constitutive components of post-heroic cinema to surface: atemporality as opposed to linear narrative time, parapraxis (productive failure) as opposed to traditional iterations of heroic acts and valour, and conceiving of the film screen as a surface in flux as opposed to the screen as a mirror. The article’s contribution to existing scholarship on contemporary Afrikaans-language cinema is three-fold: it is the first to utilise an Elsaesserian approach to Afrikaans film and as such to foreground and investigate the figure of the post-hero, it provides a critical account of two independently-made feature films that remain under-researched in current South African film scholarship, and it contributes to discourse around the ways in which popular media inform and respond to the renegotiation of Afrikaans (or Afrikaans) identity.

Hybrid computer aided diagnostic system designs for screen film mammograms using DL‐based feature extraction and ML‐based classifiers

AbstractMammography is most popular imaging method used often in predicting breast cancer within women above age of 38 years. Various computer‐assisted algorithms have been employed for classifying breast masses as normal or malignant using screen film mammographic (SFM) images. In present research work, exhaustive experimentations have been carried out with nine deep learning‐based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) belonging to the three different categories of CNN architectures including (a) simple convolution‐based series models, that is VGG16 and VGG19 (b) simple convolution‐based directed acyclic graph (DAG) model, that is GoogleNet and (c) dilated convolution‐based DAG models, that is ResNet18, ResNet50, Inceptionv3, XceptionNet, ShuffleNet and MobileNet‐V2, for binary classification of the mammographic masses with SFM images. The experimental work has been carried out using 518 mammographic images taken from DDSM dataset with 208 images ϵ benign class and 310 images ϵ malignant class, respectively. The encoder‐decoder based semantic segmentation network model, that is ResNet50 has been used for the segmentation of mammographic masses from SFM images. The segmented masses images obtained from the ResNet50 model are subjected to classification experiments. To design a robust hybrid classifier design, that is, deep learning (DL)‐based feature extraction and machine learning (ML)‐based classification, the first step is to obtain an optimal DL‐based feature extractor for classification task. The optimal feature set obtained by the best performing CNN Model, that is, VGG 19 has been subjected to correlation‐based feature extraction and ML‐based classifiers including (i) adaptive neuro fuzzy classifier‐linguistic hedges (ii) principal component analysis‐ support vector machine classifier and (iii) GA‐SVM classifier to yield an optimal hybrid computer aided diagnostic (CAD) system design. It is found that hybrid CAD system using VGG19 as feature extractor and ANFC‐LH as classifier yields 96% the highest classification accuracy. The other performance parameters yield values, that is 96% sensitivity, 96% specificity, 96% F‐score, 96% precision and 92% MCC, which indicates a best prediction of binary classification. The test images which were misclassified by these hybrid CAD system designs were analysed subjectively by experienced participating radiologist. The results obtained by present work suggests that proposed hybrid CAD system with VGG19 Network model acting as feature extractor and ANFC‐LH classifier can be employed for the differential diagnosis of benign as well as malignant mammographic masses using SFM images in a routine clinical setting.

Barrier-free film screening in China: awareness, practice and suggestions

This article outlines the development of China’s barrier-free screening. It indicates how Chinese film professionals understand cinema accessibility, what efforts they have undertaken to put their awareness into practice, the problems arising and the corresponding initiatives for solutions. I argue that the film professionals’ understanding is now shifting from guaranteeing the equal rights of persons with disabilities to offering them equal treatment in cinematic entertainment. The challenge is that the professionals still focus on updating theatre facilities and screening technologies particularly for blind persons but do not have an overall plan for improving the inclusivity of screenings. A solution is to design a theatre assistant app that allows persons with and without disabilities to enjoy watching films together.

200 Mission: Health Equity Challenge Series - Using a Four-part Multimedia, Interdisciplinary Framework to Raise Health Disparities Awareness and Advance Health Equity

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Mission: Health Equity Challenge Series is a four-part multimedia, interdisciplinary series that raises awareness about health disparities and health equity, cultivates environments for collaboration, and encourages participants to apply learnings via film screenings, a book discussion, community research panel, and un-meeting. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Methods used to collect data include: REDCap for participant profile storage and surveys, Zoom polls and chats, and informal, unsolicited feedback from e-mail communications. Our primary study population includes researchers and healthcare professionals. Secondary populations include: administrative staff and community members. We had approximately 500 individuals, across four of our hospital institution stakeholders (Cleveland Clinic, University Hospitals, MetroHealth, and the VA Northeast Ohio Health Care System), the community at-large, and others from CTSA hubs and related entities participated in one or more of the challenges. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that participants in the Mission: Health Equity Challenge Series, whether they participated in one or more of the challenges, will gain increased awareness about health disparities and how research can help close preventable gaps in health outcomes amongst underserved communities as well as advance health equity. Additionally, we suspect that due to the diverse nature of each challenge and attraction of nontraditional audiences to spaces with researchers and healthcare professionals, we will foster environments where cross-institutional, interdisciplinary collaboration can thrive. This is the type of collaboration needed to address complex problems that prevent health equity. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This challenge series elevates the relationship between advancing health equity and clinical and translational science and is one way to create opportunities for the existing research community to meet and collaborate with individuals that are not typically included in the ideation, design, implementation, and dissemination of research.

1.1: Invited Paper: A novel scheme of projection film screen for ultra‐large color gamut with photonic band gap reflection mechanism

A novel scheme of projection film screen to get ultra large color gamut using photonic band gap reflection mechanism is proposed. The projection screen made by a kind of film that can only reflect three narrowband R/G/B light emitted from projector (E.g., 460nm, 560nm and 650nm), as well as absorb other visible light wavelengths. The film has a well‐designed nano level multilayer structure which can form three photonic band gaps to reflect 460nm, 560nm and 650nm light respectively. An ultra large color gamut of 73.44% Rec2020 (138.68% sRGB) was obtained even under a bright room ambient light, that makes projection image quality comparable to a traditional TV. It could be an effective way to help solve the problem of dull color performance shown on traditional projection screens.

Prevalence of Transmissible Infectious Diseases among Healthy Blood Donors in Faisalabad, Pakistan

Blood transfusions are necessary due to the increased incidence of blood diseases and an increase in automobile accidents. In healthcare systems with limited resources, the provision of safe blood products is hampered by transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTIs), such as the hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria. Objective: To determine how common TTIs are among blood donors in Faisalabad. Methods: Immuno-chromatographic technique (ICT) kits and thick film (malaria) screening were used to test donors for HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria. Results: Among 1500 donors, prevalence of HCV was highest (n=106), followed by HBV (n=42), syphilis (n=11), and malaria (n=3). One positive case was reported as HIV. Between the ages of 21 and 40, donors who tested positive were more prevalent. Conclusions: By more carefully evaluating and screening each donor before selecting them for blood donation, safe blood transfusions can both increase recipient safety and reduce the spread of TTIs.

Film programming politics vis-à-vis festival site politics: The case of the Mezipatra queer film festival

This paper belongs to the sub-field of queer geography. It is a spatially sensitive study of queer film festival programming that relates its politics to the affective politics of the site. It focuses on the Mezipatra Queer Film Festival, which is a film festival that takes place in the cities of Prague and Brno, Czech Republic. We differentiate between intentional subject-centred programming politics and de-subjectivated festival site politics. The film programme is created by a single organizing team and is the same for both cities. Still, the programme means different things to each of them. According to programming theories, we distinguish between films of traditional assimilationist, even homonormative, programming, and films of anti-identity queer programming. The different status of the two festival incarnations makes the former more appropriate for Brno, whereas the latter is more appropriate for Prague. Yet, in Brno, the assimilationist identity politics is turned into an autonomous community politics through the festival site. In Prague, the queer politics is turned into a politics of competition among art film festivals. Hence, we go beyond critiques of homonormative cinema as depoliticized and consumerist. The problem is not the difference between “better” queer programming and “worse” traditional programming. The problem lies in discerning site politics as shaping different screenings of the same films, whether they are homonormative or art-house queer films.

Implementing intellectual curatorial strategy on Cinema Paradesa film screening program

Implementing intellectual curatorial strategy on Cinema Paradesa film screening program

Photonic sintering of copper for rapid processing of thick film conducting circuits on FTO coated glass

Copper potentially provides a cost-effective replacement for silver in printed electronic circuitry with diverse applications in healthcare, solar energy, IOT devices and automotive applications. The primary challenge facing copper is that it readily oxidizes to its non-conductive state during the sintering process. Photonic sintering offers a means of overcoming the oxidation by which rapid conversion from discrete nano-micro particles to fully or partially sintered products occurs. An experimental study of flash lamp sintering of mixed nano copper and mixed nano/ micro copper thick film screen printed structures on FTO coated glass was carried out. It shows that there may be multiple energy windows which can successfully sinter the thick film copper print preventing detrimental copper oxidation. Under optimum conditions, the conductivities achieved in under 1 s was (3.11–4.3 × 10–7 Ω m) matched those achieved in 90 min at 250 °C under reducing gas conditions, offering a significant improvement in productivity and reduced energy demand. Also present a good film stability of a 14% increase in line resistance of 100 N material, around 10% for the 50N50M ink and only around 2% for the 20N80M.

Deep Transfer Learning to Classify Mass and Calcification Pathologies from Screen Film Mammograms

The number of breast cancer diagnosis is the biggest among all cancers, but it can be treated if diagnosed early. Mammography is commonly used for detecting abnormalities and diagnosing the breast cancer. Breast cancer screening and diagnosis are still being performed by radiologists. In the last decade, deep learning was successfully applied on big image classification databases such as ImageNet. Deep learning methods for the automated breast cancer diagnosis is under investigation. In this study, breast cancer mass and calcification pathologies are classified by using deep transfer learning methods. A total of 3,360 patches were used from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) and CBIS-DDSM mammogram databases for convolutional neural network training and testing. Transfer learning was applied using Resnet50, Xception, NASNet, and EfficientNet-B7 network backbones. The best classification performance was achieved by the Xception network. On the original CBIS-DDSM test data, an AUC of 0.9317 was obtained for the five-way classification problem. The results are promising for the implementation of automated diagnosis of breast cancer.

Projecting Maoist China: the PRC’s transnational film distribution, 1949 to 1966

In 1957, the US Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, was shocked at the apparent success of films from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in achieving screenings in Thailand.1 These PRC films probably included the Ping opera film Madam Qin Xianglian/Qin Xianglian (1955), which through personal connections had been shown in 1956 at a charity event in the Thai Navy Military Headquarters, reportedly receiving an enthusiastic reception.2 On 1 May 1957, the US Ambassador to Thailand, Max Waldo Bishop, reported a ‘secret’ arrangement for the departure of around 40 members of a Thai cultural troupe to the PRC via Hong Kong, under the leadership of the well-known, pro-communist writer and playwright Suwat Woradilok.3 Both the US State Department and the American embassy in Thailand found this disturbing, given both America’s well-known position towards the PRC and its frequent attempts to keep the Thai government informed of their policies. The Department thought an evolution of Thai policy towards allowing the screening of PRC films would counteract American efforts to reverse the neutralist trend of some of Thailand’s neighbours.4

More than law and order: film regulations and the control of Chinese theatres in colonial Hong Kong

Motion pictures were first brought to Hong Kong in 1897.1 Initial screenings were held in the City Hall, the colony’s only venue for public assembly at the time, and shows of the ‘new invention of the 20th century’ (a typical tagline used to advertise Edison’s pictures) were received with enthusiasm by local expatriates.2 Soon motion pictures spread to Chinese neighbourhoods and were shown in traditional opera houses in the interval between the acts of live performances.3 In the ensuing ten years (1897–1907), such screenings would become a thriving business and a popular form of entertainment, their success marked by an increasing number of dedicated cinemas, some of which held several hundred seats. With little local production to be found in the colony,4 the early film scene in Hong Kong remained largely in the realm of exhibition.5 The exhibition of motion pictures thus served as a pivot between the socio-economic aspects of the industry and the introduction of film regulations in Hong Kong in 1908. Studies on early cinema in Hong Kong have focused on key personalities and productions in an attempt to construct a genealogy of Hong Kong cinema, including naming the ‘founding fathers’ and their struggle to create a cinema that would later establish Hong Kong as the ‘Hollywood of the East’.6 While this focus is imperative, given that the dominance of Shanghai film personalities in the standard historiography routinely underestimates the impact of film culture in places such as Canton or Hong Kong, it is important to expand its scope by attending to cinema’s civic role in the social fabric of early 20th-century Hong Kong. Some recent works have ventured in this direction: a recent article by Ting-yan Cheung and Pablo Sze-pang Tsoi, for example, discusses the germination of a local film culture and its transition into a small-scale sector of production and distribution, paving the way for development of the film industry in the 1930s.7 The ways in which motion pictures, ‘the marvel’ of the new century and an emergent commercial sector, were incorporated into the larger social and economic fabric nonetheless remains an under-explored terrain. To address this, I concentrate upon the scarcely examined field of film regulation from the first two decades after motion pictures were brought to the colony. Previous studies on Hong Kong film regulation and censorship have focused on two areas: one being the politics of film policy, responding to the 1987 outcry over the illegitimacy of the censorship imposed in Hong Kong over several decades;8 the second being the cultural Cold War and the complex negotiations by different stakeholders after World War II.9 Other studies on national film law or policy examine the ideological, cultural, sexual and business control of film production, distribution, exhibition and consumption.10 More recently, racial, ethnic and religious politics have also played a role in policy studies.11 In early colonial Hong Kong, ideological or cultural control was less prominent, while business and racial control reigned in the regulatory frameworks. My essay traces the legal and ideological genealogy of film regulations in the early 20th century, and how financial motivation and discrimination against Chinese business sat at the very heart of their enforcement. I argue that the colonial credo of ‘law and order’, when confronting local Chinese businesses such as movie theatres, was far from an impartial tool for administering justice in Hong Kong. As the legal foundation of the colonial governance, ‘law and order’ instead veiled the mercantile motivation and tended to target the non-European businesses – in correspondence with Teemu Ruskola’s term, ‘legal Orientalism’.12 Law and order, at this period in colonial history, ruled cinema exhibition in tandem with the racial prejudice of the British rulers, attesting to what Victor Fan calls the ‘extraterritoriality’ of the cinema in Hong Kong.13

Use of Films in EFL Classrooms in Odisha

This article exhibits vivid information about the importance of films in teaching English, and delves scopes and challenges of using films as a tool in the EFL classrooms in Odisha. The learners of Odisha have a number of problems in learning English language and literature in the classrooms as well as in their workplaces. They suffer from getting sufficient exposure to the language in day-to-day real communication situations and they have no sufficient competence in English. Furthermore; they are found less potent. There are advantages of using different audiovisual aids in teaching and learning English in EFL classrooms. Moreover, scopes are also available to screen some English films for making students understand in better ways and encourage them to be well concerned with different cultures reflected in literature. This method can make students acquaint with different English accents like British accents and American accents. Therefore, the screening of English films should be made a part of the teaching of English Language and literature in Odisha.

High‐Throughput Screening Thickness‐Dependent Resistive Switching in SrTiO3 Thin Films for Robust Electronic Synapse

AbstractThe functionalities and applications of oxide thin films are highly dependent on their thickness. Most thickness‐dependent studies on oxide thin films require the preparation of independent samples, which is labor‐intensive and time‐consuming and inevitably introduces experimental errors. To address this challenge, a general strategy based on high‐throughput pulsed laser deposition technology is proposed to precisely control the thin‐film thickness in local regions under similar growth conditions. The as‐proposed synthesis strategy is demonstrated using typical complex oxide materials of SrTiO3 (STO). Consequently, high‐throughput STO thin films with nine gradient thicknesses ranging from 10.1 to 30.5 nm are fabricated. Notably, a transition from the unipolar to the bipolar resistive switching mode is observed with increasing STO thickness. Moreover, a physical mechanism based on the heterostructure‐mediated redistribution of oxygen vacancies is employed to interpret the transition between the two memristive patterns. The screening of STO thin films with different resistive switching behaviors revealed that the STO thin film with a thickness of 20.3 nm exhibit excellent conductance modulation properties under the application of electrical pulses as well as significant reliability for the emulation of various synaptic functions, rendering it a promising material for artificial neuromorphic computing applications.

Conductivity and photoconductivity of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/LaMnO3 heterostructure

The results of the study of high conducting areas at the interface between ferroelectric and insulating oxides Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/LaMnO3 are presented. It is shown that the electrical resistance of the heterostructure decreases significantly with cooling and exhibits metallic behavior at low temperatures, and its properties depend on magnetic field application. The effect of green (514 nm) and infrared (1028 nm) pulsed laser light on Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/LaMnO3 heterostructure electrical resistance leads to a decrease in the electrical resistance. It is assumed that the effect is related to polarization screening in the ferroelectric film, and atomic force microscopy studies confirm this hypothesis.

Copper Organometallic Iodide Arrays for Efficient X-ray Imaging Scintillators.

Lead-free organic metal halide scintillators with low-dimensional electronic structures have demonstrated great potential in X-ray detection and imaging due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Herein, the zero-dimensional organic copper halide (18-crown-6)2Na2(H2O)3Cu4I6 (CNCI) which exhibits negligible self-absorption and near-unity green-light emission was successfully deployed into X-ray imaging scintillators with outstanding X-ray sensitivity and imaging resolution. In particular, we fabricated a CNCI/polymer composite scintillator with an ultrahigh light yield of ∼109,000 photons/MeV, representing one of the highest values reported so far for scintillation materials. In addition, an ultralow detection limit of 59.4 nGy/s was achieved, which is approximately 92 times lower than the dosage for a standard medical examination. Moreover, the spatial imaging resolution of the CNCI scintillator was further improved by using a silicon template due to the wave-guiding of light through CNCI-filled pores. The pixelated CNCI-silicon array scintillation screen displays an impressive spatial resolution of 24.8 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm) compared to the resolution of 16.3 lp/mm for CNCI-polymer film screens, representing the highest resolutions reported so far for organometallic-based X-ray imaging screens. This design represents a new approach to fabricating high-performance X-ray imaging scintillators based on organic metal halides for applications in medical radiography and security screening.