Screen Resolution Research Articles

Current and Future Photography Techniques in Aesthetic Surgery.

BackgroundThe rapidly increasing modalities and mediums of clinical photography, use of 3-dimensional (3D) and 4-dimensional (4D) patient modeling, and widening implementation of cloud-based storage and artificial intelligence (AI) call for an overview of various methods currently in use as well as future considerations in the field.ObjectivesThrough a close look at the methods used in aesthetic surgery photography, clinicians will be able to select the modality best suited to their practice and goals.MethodsReview and discussion of current data pertaining to: 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D clinical photography, current photography software, augmented reality reconstruction, AI photography, and cloud-based storage.ResultsImportant considerations for current image capture include a device with a gridded viewing screen and high megapixel resolution, a tripod with leveling base, studio lighting with dual-sourced light, standardized matte finish background, and consistency in patient orientation. Currently, 3D and 4D photography devices offer advantages such as improved communication to the patient on outcome expectation and better quality of patient service and safety. AI may contribute to post-capture processing and 3D printing of postoperative outcomes. Current smartphones distort patient perceptions about their appearance and should be used cautiously in an aesthetic surgery setting. Cloud-based storage provides flexibility, cost, and ease of service while remaining vulnerable to data breaches.ConclusionsWhile there are advancements to be made in the physical equipment and preparation for the photograph, the future of clinical photography will be heavily influenced by innovations in software and 3D and 4D modeling of outcomes.

The Effect of Display Pixel Density on the Minimum Legible Size of Fundamental Cartographic Symbols

ABSTRACT This paper reports findings of a laboratory study that attempts to establish the limits of legibility for fundamental cartographic symbology on modern smartphone screens of varying pixel density. In a controlled setting, participants were asked to discriminate different types of cartographic symbology, while stimulus size was gradually reduced. From the collected results, the limits of discriminability for each symbol type and screen resolution are derived. The paper gives a detailed report and statistical analysis of the results of the experiment and proposes updated guidelines for minimum cartographic symbol sizes for settings in which a high-density display device can be reliably provided.

Analysis of Skim Reading on Desktop versus Mobile Screen

Web readers usually skim through the text to keep up with the amount of available content. The effectiveness of skim reading is ensured by keeping the focus on the meaningful part of the text rather than the less meaningful part. To assure if the skim reading shows efficient results for a particular screen resolution, this research presents variations in the memory of significant data when a text is read on a mobile screen or a desktop screen. Moreover, the study aims to understand the knowledge gained from the text at a given time. In total, sixty participants contributed to the study and it is found that, relative to reading the text on a mobile screen, skimming showed improved memory for the ideas defined in the text on a computer screen. A software prototype is developed in this research study to analyze the impact of skim reading on a desktop computer screen versus a mobile device screen. The findings of the study have been interpreted as evidence in support of a skimming process called satisficing.

Decision Support System for Laptop Selection Using AHP Method and Profile Matching

Laptop is a desktop personal computer (PC) whose dimensions are reduced to increase flexibility in its use. However, the large number of products will make it difficult for consumers to choose a laptop that suits the needs of consumers who want to buy it.The purpose of this research is to help buyers who want to buy laptop products according to their needs by making a Decision Support System (DSS). There are 12 criteria considered in this research, price, processor, RAM capacity, hard disk capacity, SSD capacity, V-RAM capacity, maximum RAM upgrade capacity, laptop weight, screen size, screen type, screen refresh rate, and screen resolution. Choosing a laptop product there is a criterion value of a laptop product and a value of preference criteria from the buyer as a decision maker. Also the criteria values on laptop products have different contributions to the overall value of the laptop product. Thus, the methods used are Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Profile Matching (PM) with linear interpolation, and Simple Addictive Weighting (SAW) to determine the recommended options. Lastly, SPK that has been made will be able to provide recommendations best alternative choices and best suit the needs of buyers for selecting laptop products.

Evaluating the effects of responsive design on the usability of academic websites in the pandemic.

Responsive design allows users to benefit from the web page without having to worry about screen size and resolution. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of responsive design on usability. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of a five-point Likert was applied to university students. According to the results, it was seen that 99.2% of university students had smart phones and used smart phones to connect to internet with a rate of 91.3%. It was observed that the participants' attitudes towards responsive design did not differ according to gender, and students in the 24–26 age group had more desire to use responsive design. And, university students' attitudes towards responsive design did not differ according to the Internet access method. It was found that 38% of the participants had a daily internet usage rate of 4–5 h and they used social media the most. Ease of use has been identified as the most preferred feature (Avg = 3.67/5, 73.4%) of usability in responsive design by evaluating dimensions central tendency measures. With regression analysis, responsive design explains 74.7% of the change in effectiveness (R2 = 0.747) among the usability dimensions. With regression analysis, 91.5% of usability can be explained with the responsive design (R2 = 0.915). Usability and responsive design (r = 0.92, p < 0.01) were both found to be positively correlated. It can be said that the academic university websites developed with responsive design are preferred by university students in the pandemic and this has increased usability and effectiveness.

Unveiling the End-User Viewport Resolution From Encrypted Video Traces

Video streaming is without doubt the most requested Internet service, and main source of pressure on the Internet infrastructure. At the same time, users are no longer satisfied by the Internet’s best effort service, instead, they expect a seamless service of high quality from the side of the network. As result, Internet Service Providers (ISP) engineer their traffic so as to improve their end-users’ experience and avoid economic losses. Content providers from their side, and to enforce customers privacy, have shifted towards end-to-end encryption (e.g., TLS/SSL). Video streaming relies on the dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP protocol (DASH) which takes into consideration the underlying network conditions (e.g., delay, loss rate, and throughput) and the viewport capacity (e.g., screen resolution) to improve the experience of the end user in the limit of the available network resources. In this work, we propose an experimental framework able to infer fine-grained video flow information such as chunk sizes from encrypted YouTube video traces. We also present a novel technique to separate video and audio chunks from encrypted traces based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). Then, we leverage our dataset to train models able to predict the class of viewport (either <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SD</i> or <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HD</i> ) per video session with an average 92% accuracy and 85% F1-score. The prediction of the exact viewport resolution is also possible but shows a lower accuracy than the viewport class.

Preferential Screen Resolution Setting in Adobe Photoshop for Actual Motif Print Sizes in Textile Design

The use of Adobe Photoshop, a graphic design software, as a tool in textile designing has come to stay. There are numerous advantages derived from this software in textile designing, even though it is a graphic design program. Despite the numerous design advantages, the software presents technical constraints to textile design students and beginners in its visual representation of motif and texture pattern sizes. This problem of screen resolution settings affected the actual view of motif print sizes and texture patterns when printed in hard copy in relation to the soft copy for screen development. Furthermore, it affects design details during colour separation, screen copying and developing, and printing. The study employed the practiced-led research method in its approach to explore the possibilities of finding preferential screen resolution settings suitable for textile designing in Adobe Photoshop. The study revealed adjustments or modifications of the view-preferential settings of the program to ascertain the required screen resolution settings for textile motif and texture pattern sizes. This revelation bridged the visual differences between the soft copy and hard copy sizes of motif and texture pattern during and after designing. The research recommends that textile design students and beginners, as a prerequisite, adjust the view-preferential settings of Adobe Photoshop to obtain accurate motif and texture pattern sizes during and after designing.

High-Precise True Digital Orthoimage Generation and Accuracy Assessment based on UAV Images

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are modern tool for various scientific research areas such as agriculture, disaster management, mining and surveying. Among them, remote sensing is utilizing UAVs to acquire high-resolution digital images of ground surface. In remote sensing and photogrammetric operations, the geometric quality of the imagery basically depends on the relation between pixel size and the map scale, contrast information, atmosphere and the sun elevation, the printing technology, screen resolution and the visual acuity (ISPRS Int J Geo-Inf, Liu et al. Liu et al., ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7:333, 2018; Eur Assoc Geosci Eng 1–5, Zatserkovnyi et al. Zatserkovnyi et al., European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 25:1–5, 2020). In this study, accuracy has been assessed and compared of true digital orthoimages generated by two different software with same configuration. Three datasets of different places called dense urban, urban slum and forest mountains have been collected from field with area covering 0.061, 0.130 and 2.040 km2 and ground sampling distance 1.79, 2.19 and 11.86 cm, respectively. The orthoimages were generated using Pix4D and AgiSoft Photoscan software and then randomly distributed checkpoints, and visual angular distortion on the orthoimage was used to verify its precision. It was observed that in dense urban and urban slum Pix4D accuracy is more than AgiSoft Photoscan, but in forest mountain, it is vice versa. However, the process and mapping accuracy to generate TDOI require further improvement.

Effect of Ambient Illumination, Screen Resolution and Zoom Level on Performance of Typing on Computers

Objective: This work aims to investigate effect of the ambient illumination, screen resolution and Zoom levels on visual-related task performance. The job used in this research is typing on computers. Speed of typing paragraph and typing quality were defined as the task performance.&#x0D; Background: In recent years, computers play a remarkable role in nearly everyone’s daily life. We use computers for various purposes and under a wide range of ambient illumination. High illumination level usually results in some problems. Adjusting screen resolution and zoom level are common solutions contra problems for visibility due to unsuitable illuminations.&#x0D; Method: Ambient illuminations were examined 114, 230, 340, 420 and 520 lx. Screen resolution scales were diverse to cover all range of regulate ability pliable by characteristics of the offering used; 768*1024, 720*1280 and 768*1366. Zoom levels was tested 50, 100, 150 and 200%.&#x0D; Results: Based on this study, can be found that, the more effective illumination level on average typing time was 340 followed by 420 lx. Average typing time decrease with increasing screen resolution, the minimum average typing time observed at 720*1280 and 168*1366 screen resolution. Change the zoom level of text show significant effect on typing time, which the average typing time decreases with increasing zoom level. The minimum typing time observed at 100 and 150% zoom level. Experimental results for all S/N ratio, mean, and standard deviation (real) response values show that, illumination level, screen resolution and zoom scale are the significant parameters among all controllable factors that influence the avearge typing time. Based on S/N Ratio the optimum parameters was 114 lx illumination level and 768*1024 screen Resolution and 50% zoom level. Based on standard deviation the optimum parameters was 114 lx illumination level and 768*1366 screen Resolution and 150% zoom level. Based on the means the optimum parameters was is 230lx illumination level and 768*1366 screen Resolution and 100% zoom level.&#x0D; Conclusion: The provision of suitable illumination, screen resolution and zoom levels that feedback to enhancing the performance of typing performance on computers.&#x0D; Application: This study can inform in-computer typing offices and policy makers concerned with human factors and work-study.

Mechanical Characterization Of Polymer Nano Composite: Progress In Last Decade

In recent times it is versatile in the study, technology and sciences fields natural fibres with nano polymeric materials though as an effective strengthening for cognitive resources. Natural fibres are reasonably inexpensive and then not only solid and powerful, they often exhibit a top power, a reduced weight, non-abrasive, environmentally and recyclable qualities. Usually using natural fibres such as silk, cedar, pineapple, tobacco, etc., plastic reinforcing of discarded biodegradable polymers is a safe choice for the climate. This helps the production of polymeric composites that demonstrate best to offer implementations in the architecture, automobile, aviation and manufacturing operations. Due to the wider crystallite size, and stronger screen resolution, with interesting properties, nano polymer composite displays major applications in various fields. In comparison to fibre content interfacial interaction power, the elastic modulus of a natural fibre reinforced nano polymer matrix rely on variables including fibre strength, fibre duration, electrochemical oxidation and inclination.

Controlling an Industrial Robot Using a Graphic Tablet in Offline and Online Mode.

The article presents the possibility of using a graphics tablet to control an industrial robot. The paper presents elements of software development for offline and online control of a robot. The program for the graphic tablet and the operator interface was developed in C# language in Visual Studio environment, while the program controlling the industrial robot was developed in RAPID language in the RobotStudio environment. Thanks to the development of a digital twin of the real robotic workstation, tests were carried out on the correct functioning of the application in offline mode (without using the real robot). The obtained results were verified in online mode (on a real production station). The developed computer programmes have a modular structure, which makes it possible to easily adapt them to one’s needs. The application allows for changing the parameters of the robot and the parameters of the path drawing. Tests were carried out on the influence of the sampling frequency and the tool diameter on the quality of the reconstructed trajectory of the industrial robot. The results confirmed the correctness of the application. Thanks to the new method of robot programming, it is possible to quickly modify the path by the operator, without the knowledge of robot programming languages. Further research will focus on analyzing the influence of screen resolution and layout scale on the accuracy of trajectory generation.

Manik angkeran storytelling based on android mobile tap gameplay

This research objective was to structure a presentation of a Balinese popular folk tale as an educational strategy through a mobile game with easy-to-play gameplay. This study had 3 (three) main objectives: (1) building the Manik Angkeran story, which is the famous folk tale circulating in Balinese society, Indonesia; (2) realizing the Manik Angkeran game that highlights Balinese characteristics; (3) implementing easy-to-play gameplay. In developing the original story of Manik Angkeran, the strategies carried out were: (1) building a new story with the main character, Manik Angkeran; (2) highlighting Balinese characteristics in character design, game background, and background music in fighting scenes; (3) chosing tap-mode game considering the simplicity and efficiency. The result of this study was Manik Angkeran Game with Tap Game genre based on Android. The game requires players to tap on the screen to move Manik Angkeran, with a mission to defeat the enemy/monster to collect gold coins (Pis Bolong Mas). Later, these coins can be used to buy building materials, which will be used to build dormitories (Pesraman). The test results using the BlackBox Testing method showed that the functionality of the navigation buttons and the entire functions of the game were running well as desired. For the results of testing the game on several different screen resolutions, showed that the display of this game was able to adjust on different screen resolutions and the image display remains sharp. This game was also capable to run on a minimum Android device v.3.0 HoneyComb, until the latest version at this time is v.9.0 Pie. Research disclosure starts with the Introduction, which reveals the background and purpose of the study. Furthermore, the discussion swooped over to the research method used. The process of pre-production, production to post-production was he model or technique used in making games. The results revealed the evaluation of the black box to test the readiness of the system.

Depth Trajectory-Aware Stereoscopic Video Retargeting

The image/video retargeting (resolution adaptation) problem—adaption of source data (image/video) to different screen resolution—has garnered wide attention due to compelling applications in intelligent adaptive display. Most of the current image/video displaying application achieves the adaption through scaling source uniformly. Compared with traditional image/video retargeting, stereoscopic video retargeting poses new challenges that should preserve shape and depth of salient objects with temporal coherence. In this paper, we propose a depth trajectory-aware stereoscopic video retargeting method by imposing constraints to optimize the coordinates and depths simultaneously. To reduce visual discomfort induced by fast depth motion, our method uses a temporal depth distortion energy to optimize the depth trajectory in temporal direction. As a result, our solution can preserve shape, depth and temporal fidelity of salient objects simultaneously with comfortable visual experience.

Markerless Augmented Reality in Construction Engineering Utilizing Extreme Programming

This study aims to build Android-based Markerless Augmented Reality as a learning media in the Construction field, specifically Bridge material for vocational students. This study applies the Extreme programming method, which consists of the Planning, Design, Coding, and Testing stages. The developers and potential users performed the tests. The Functional Usability test results using Black-Box testing reveal that all features in the application can operate successfully. In terms of compatibility, the application is declared very suitable for use. The application has proven successful in running on several kinds of Android smartphones with different versions and screen resolutions. Meanwhile, in terms of Usability, the application acquires an eligibility percentage of 84.2%. Users find it easy to operate the application since they can immediately run 3D objects wherever they are, without being limited by the presence of markers. They consider being freer to run AR applications. However, the Markerless application that has been built can only be operated on Android smartphones version 7.0 and above.

A Dynamic Compensated and 95% High-Efficiency Supply Buffer in RGB Virtual Pixel MicroLED Display for Reducing Ghosting by 73% and Achieving Four Times Screen Resolution

This article proposed micro light emitting diode (microLED) virtual pixel array design and driver. The proposed virtual pixel array effectively increases the pixels per inch and reduces parasitic capacitance for alleviating ghosting effects. The push-pull supply buffer in the proposed driver is compensated by the dynamic Miller compensation technique to achieve fast transient response and reduce the ghosting by 50%-73%. Four times screen resolution can be obtained compared to conventional designs. A 95% high-efficiency microLED driver has the lowest 45 μW power consumption. The proposed supply buffer can drive microLEDs in 51-inch display panel, which is composed of 214 small 96 × 64 microLED panels for automotive display.

CNSM 2019 special issue: Embracing the new wave of artificial intelligence

CNSM 2019 special issue: Embracing the new wave of artificial intelligence

Information system for assessing maturity level of an organization

Introduction. The paper considers problems of creating information support for solving the task of assessing the maturity level of an organization. It is proposed to use intelligent information systems, i.e. expert systems. Substantive aspects of various stages of creating such systems are briefly described; the expert system architecture, which is based on using a fuzzy expert knowledge base, is given. The work objective was to create new software to solve the problem of assessing the maturity level of an organization. Materials and Methods. Previously performed modeling of the subject domain under consideration allowed us to create a knowledge base in the form of production memory, which is the basis of the fuzzy inference mechanism. The software is written in PHP and is suitable for embedding in complex web applications. The software system is a web application written primarily in PHP and JavaScript. The software works in all modern web browsers, which accelerates significantly the implementation and deployment based on both the parent-enterprise and its subsidiaries. Results. New software has been created to automate the processing of questionnaires during the organization’s selfassessment based on key indicators, as well as considering 6 main groups of the quality management system indicators. Application of the program will significantly speed up the process of input and processing of expert information required for self-assessment. The program provides organizations to get an adequate idea of the opportunities and prospects for improving the organization’s quality management system. Some fragments of the software system interface are given. Discussion and Conclusions. The proposed software can be used to determine the level of maturity of an organization. The application of Web-technologies improves usability, reduces software support costs. The software can be both deployed in the existing network infrastructure of a customer and used by all the functionality through connecting to a remote server. The software is optimized for various screen resolutions, which allows you to use it not only at the central office, but also when analyzing the quality management system of corporate customers. The traffic generated by the web application is optimized for working with mobile devices with a low-speed Internet connection. Application of the program will significantly reduce the time for users to enter and process expert information required for the problem solving and to eliminate duplication of information.

Further Comparison of 4 Display Modes for a Multi-Resolution Foveated Laparoscope.

Background. To overcome field of view and ergonomic limitations of standard laparoscopes, we are developing a multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (MRFL), which can simultaneously obtain both wide- and zoomed-in-view images. To facilitate the effectiveness of our MRFL, we have been investigating various ways of organizing and visualizing dual-view multi-resolution images acquired by the MRFL. In our prior study, we implemented and compared 6 display modes for the MRFL, assuming a typical clinical environment where a standard (but limited) resolution monitor is available. To take full advantage of our MRFL, displays having sufficient screen resolutions might be advantageous. The present study aims to further understand the effects of view configurations through displays with a standard high-definition (HD) resolution and a 4K resolution. In this study, we compare 3 display modes for limited-resolution displays against a new mode for sufficient-resolution displays. Methods. Twenty subjects performed 3 evaluation trials of a touching task with each display mode in an emulated MRFL environment. Various objective measurements including task completion time and the number of collisions, and subjective preference were recorded. Results. The new mode showed a better task completion time than the other modes, while it maintained a low number of collisions similar to the others. Moreover, the majority of participants selected the new mode as their most preferred one. Conclusions. With a sufficient display resolution, the co-registration between the unblocked and unwarped wide context view and the high-resolution zoomed-in view offered by the new mode was highly effective on both task performance and user preference.

The Influence of Target Layout and Clicking Method on Picking Time and Dragging Performance Based on Eye-Control Technique

Eye-tracking has been a hot topic in human–computer interaction (HCI). Nevertheless, previous studies usually adopted eye-tracking as information output rather than input. The eye-control technique can achieve convenient and rapid real-time operation through the movement of the eyes and reduce unnecessary manual operations. Because the layout determines the location orientation, organizational complexity, cognitive consistency, and predictive ability of the information display, the interface layout design affects the user’s perception of information intensity, complexity, and logic. Moreover, the method of target clicking by eye-control techniques, which include blink and dwell, also depends on the application and user’s ability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of target layout and target picking method on picking time and dragging performance based on eye-control technique. The results indicate that the target picking method, i.e., blink or dwell, had significant effects on the dragging time and dragging numbers. However, there was no significant effect of target layout on picking time and dragging performance (dragging time and numbers), which may be related to the setting of the experimental conditions (e.g., lighting level and screen resolution). Moreover, the target picking method and the target layout had no significant interaction effect on picking time and dragging performance. The findings are anticipated to provide helpful implications for future eye control technique design.

On accounting for screen resolution in adaptive video streaming: QoE‐driven bandwidth sharing framework

SummaryScreen resolution along with network conditions are main objective factors impacting the user experience, in particular for video streaming applications. User terminals on their side feature more and more advanced characteristics resulting in different network requirements for good visual experience. Previous studies tried to link mean opinion score (MOS) to video bitrate for different screen types (e.g., Common Intermediate Format [CIF], Quarter Common Intermediate Format [QCIF], and High Definition [HD]). We leverage such studies and formulate a Quality of Experience (QoE)‐driven resource allocation problem to pinpoint the optimal bandwidth allocation that maximizes the QoE over all users of a network service provider located behind the same bottleneck link, while accounting for the characteristics of the screens they use for video playout. For our optimization problem, QoE functions are built using curve fitting on datasets capturing the relationship between MOS, screen characteristics, and bandwidth requirements. We propose a simple heuristic based on Lagrangian relaxation and Karush Kuhn Tucker (KKT) conditions to efficiently solve the optimization problem. Our numerical simulations show that the proposed heuristic is able to increase overall QoE up to 20% compared to an allocation with a TCP look‐alike strategy implementing max‐min fairness.