Waste Tire Research Articles

Effect of polyvinyl alcohol on the mechanical and sound properties of recycled rubber mortar

Recycled rubber mortar is a novel green construction material which alleviates the environmental impact of waste rubber tires and greatly improves the sound insulation performance. Existing cement mortar with high rubber content exhibits poor mechanical properties, limiting its application in construction field. In this study, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) was introduced to modify recycled rubber mortar and the effect of PVA contents on its fluidity, flexural, compressive, impact strengths, and drying shrinkage was analyzed. To improve the analytical accuracy, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to select the optimal mix proportion. The results indicate that PVA has positive effects on the mechanical properties of recycled rubber mortar. Further, comparing the trend of the normalized impact sound pressure level with an increase in frequency and the weighted normalized impact sound pressure level revealed that mixing 50 % recycled rubber particles and 8 % polyvinyl acetate effectively improved the sound insulation performance of cement mortar. These findings can promote the application of recycled rubber mortar in housing construction projects and having environmental benefits.

Utilizing Edge-Oxidized Graphene Oxide to Enhance Cement Mortar's Properties Containing Crumb Rubber: Toward Achieving Sustainable Materials.

Scrap tires have become one of the most serious environmental issues worldwide in recent years. Exploiting this scrap has caught the attention of researchers in their efforts to conserve the environment. From a structural engineering materials perspective, a partial fine aggregate in cement mortar can be replaced by crumb rubber produced from scrap tires. This research mainly emphasizes the role of adding 0.1% edge-oxidized graphene oxide EOGO (by the weight of cement) in enhancing the properties of cement mortars containing 5%, 10%, and 15% of crumb rubber (by sand replacement). Cube and prism specimens were employed to investigate compressive and flexural strengths at 7- and 28-day curing ages. A porosity test was also conducted after 28 days of curing. In addition, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test was performed to investigate the effect of incorporating EOGO on the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Results showed an enhancement of the mechanical properties of cement mortar, including compressive and flexural strengths, with the inclusion of EOGO in the mixes. The findings demonstrated that adding EOGO can improve the mechanical properties of mixes containing crumb rubber particles. Specifically, the mortar mix with 0.1% EOGO and 5% crumb rubber exhibited better performance compared with the virgin mix without rubber particles. Therefore, crumb rubber is viable for use as a sand replacement when EOGO is included.

Analyzing the influence of feedstock selection in pyrolysis on aviation gas turbine engines: A study on performance, combustion efficiency, and emission profiles

Commercial aviation is primarily reliant on fossil fuels, yet the depletion of these sources and the consequences of climate change necessitates the exploration of sustainable alternatives. The pyrolysis process offers a viable method for producing biofuels from various feedstocks. This research examines the combustion, emission, and performance characteristics of biofuels derived from agricultural residues, waste tyres, and plastics using pyrolysis. Pyrolysis oils derived from forestry or agricultural products exhibit high viscosity and moisture content, which impairs combustion efficiency and increases carbon monoxide (CO) from 70 % to 187 % and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions. Conversely, pyrolysis oils from plastics and waste tyres provide stable combustion with carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbon emissions (THC) comparable to those of commercial jet fuel. However, nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions are significantly elevated from 57 % to 157 %. Engine performance tests demonstrated that forestry pyrolysis oils result in thrust loss due to their high viscosity value (14.3–113 mm2/s) and low calorific value (17.3–31.7 MJ/kg). In contrast, plastic and tyre pyrolysis oil perform similarly to commercial jet fuels but may potentially cause performance loss due to their high aromatic content (>47.67 %). Overall, upgrading the viscosity, moisture, and aromatic content of pyrolysis oils can enhance their suitability as alternative aviation fuels. These improvements could assist the aviation sector in achieving its carbon-neutral goals by making pyrolysis oils competitive with conventional jet fuels.

Experimental analysis of cycle tire pyrolysis oil doped with 1-decanol + TiO2 additives in compression ignition engine using RSM optimization and machine learning approach

This study investigates the effect of TiO2 nano additives in conjunction with 1-decanol on the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel. The analysis involves four different blends: 90D7TO3DO+25 ppm TiO2 (90 % Diesel+7 % Tire oil + 3 % decanol and 25 parts per minute Titanium dioxide), 80D14TO6DO+50 ppm TiO2 (80 % Diesel+14 % Tire oil + 6 % decanol and 50 parts per minute Titanium dioxide), 70D22TO8DO+75 ppm TiO2, (70 % Diesel+22 % Tire oil + 8 % decanol and 75 parts per minute Titanium dioxide), and 100TO+100 ppm TiO2.(100 % Tire oil + 100 parts per minute Titanium dioxide), (DOE), design of experiments approach is used in this analysis. BTE is high for 90D7TO3DO+25 ppm TiO2 (36.12 %), compared to Diesel (30 %), i.e. 90D7TO3DO+25 ppm TiO2 possesses 20.67 % higher than diesel. The blend 90D7TO3DO+25 ppm TiO2 exhibited the lowest fuel consumption (0.25 kg/kWh), compared to diesel (0.28 kg/kWh), i.e. it was 12 % less than diesel. Inline cylinder pressures were optimal at 70 bar for the blend 90D7TO3DO+25 ppm TiO2, indicating favorable combustion properties. In terms of emissions, diesel emits NOx (1850 ppm), and the blend 100TO+100 ppm TiO2 achieved the lowest NOX emission of 1550 ppm, representing a 16.3 % reduction compared to diesel. The RSM model's coefficient of determination (R-squared) for all the parameters considered was remarkably high (nearly 0.98), meaning that it accounts for 98.00 % of the variability in the parameters. The corrected R-squared value validates the model's robustness. The results of the coefficient of determination (R2) for Bayesian Ridge regression clearly illustrate that the method is capable of making accurate predictions across the majority of the measurements as compared to Random Forest (RF).

Resurface of rubber modified asphalt mixture with stress absorbing membrane interlayer: From laboratory to field application

The increasing concern over tire pollution, exacerbated by the improper disposal of waste tires, serves as the backdrop for this research, which aims to explore the efficacy of incorporating ground tire rubber (GTR) into asphalt mixtures enhanced with a stress-absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI). In this study, three variations of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) were evaluated: a conventional mix, a rubber-modified asphalt mixture (RMA), and a trans-polyoctenamer rubber (TOR) modified asphalt mixture in the laboratory. The assessment focused on the high and low-temperature performance of the asphalt mix and binder. Key findings from the laboratory tests indicate that the integration of a SAMI layer and GTR as additives markedly boosts the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture. Despite a reduction in fracture energy across all three HMA types following long-term aging, the GTR-modified HMA maintained superior fracture energy relative to the conventional mix. Initially, the inclusion of GTR adversely affected the mixture's rutting resistance. However, after undergoing long-term aging, both the conventional and GTR-modified HMAs exhibited exceptional rutting and moisture damage resistance. Field noise assessments further demonstrated that GTR-enhanced pavements produced noise levels approximately 2 dB lower than those of standard asphalt pavements. Additionally, pavements lacking a SAMI layer manifested low-severity cracking, with an average cracking frequency occurring every 2 ∼ 6 m, whereas pavements equipped with a SAMI layer exhibited no cracking following two winter seasons. The rubber asphalt overlay may increase the leaching of 6PPD-quinone, but the SAMI layer helps reduce tire wear particle generation by preventing road cracking. Rubber asphalt overlay leaching tests resulted in 6PPD-quinone concentrations lower than currently available toxicity data (LC50 for Coho Salmon, 0.095 ug/L). In conclusion, the utilization of dry-processed rubber asphalt mixes alongside a SAMI layer in pavement construction not only has the potential to extend the service life of pavements but also contributes to the production of quieter road surfaces. This study underscores the environmental and functional benefits of incorporating rubber modifications into asphalt pavements, presenting a viable strategy for mitigating tire pollution through the reuse of waste tires in infrastructure.

Waste tyres pyrolysis oil (WTPO) as an alternative source of fuel and chemicals: a review

Waste tyres pyrolysis oil (WTPO) as an alternative source of fuel and chemicals: a review

Synergistic Interaction during Copyrolysis of Soybean Straw and Tire Waste: Improving Emissions and Product Quality.

This study explores copyrolysis of soybean straw (SS) with hydrogen-rich tire waste (TW) to enhance pyrolytic product quality and reduce pollutant emissions. Addition of TW increased SS biomass conversion from 67.19 to 72.46% and decreased coke/residue formation from 32.81 to 27.54%. The activation energy dropped to 121.84 kJ/mol from 160.73 kJ/mol (as calculated by the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method) and 122.78 kJ/mol from 159.76 kJ/mol (as calculated by the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method). Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) showed lowered CO2, NO2, and SO2 emissions (5.58, 5.72, 3.38) compared to conventional SS pyrolysis (18.38, 11.55, 12.37). Yields of value-added chemicals (phenols, olefins, aromatics) increased (32.38, 22.17, 30.18%) versus conventional SS pyrolysis (23.56, 13.78, 20.36%). Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py/GC-MS) analysis reveals that the addition of TW leads to a decrease in the production of oxygenates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reducing their yields to 8.96 and 7.67%, respectively, down from 19.37 and 14.37%. Simultaneously, it enhances the yields of olefins, aromatics, phenols, and aliphatic hydrocarbons to 23.38, 26.78, 26.17, and 25.78%, respectively, compared to 15.37%, 15.29, 18.36, and 17.25%, respectively, in the absence of TW. In summary, copyrolysis of TW with SS improves product quality and reduces pollutant emissions, marking a significant research contribution.

Compressive behavior of sustainable rubberized concrete‐filled steel tube columns having various recycled tire rubber aggregate contents and developing a predictive design model

AbstractAs a sustainable solution, employing recycled tire rubber aggregates in the production of concrete is of considerable interest. However, the applicability of rubberized concretes in construction is restricted due to their relatively low mechanical performance. Using rubberized concrete as a filling material in a steel tube provides a suitable solution for overcoming this issue and for using it effectively as a load‐bearing element. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the material characteristics of the sustainable rubberized concrete‐filled steel tube (Ru‐CFST) and develop a design model based on ultimate strength prediction for the axially loaded Ru‐CFST stub columns with varying contents of tire rubber aggregate. The model was developed through the gene expression programming (GEP) technique by employing the experimental test results to determine the ultimate compressive strength of Ru‐CFST columns. Based on the principal component analysis, the sectional properties of the load‐bearing element (such as outer diameter, thickness, and length), material strengths (such as rubberized concrete and steel tube strengths), and rubber content were determined as statistically significant parameters affecting the ultimate axial strength of Ru‐CFST stub columns and thus, they were considered in the stage of the model generation. Furthermore, the proposed model's performance was compared to that of available models suggested for traditional CFST columns by commonly employed design codes, namely, ACI, AIJ, AISC, CSA, EC4, and GB. Based on the statistical analysis of the results, it can be concluded that the existing formulations have a relatively acceptable randomness and scatter of observations within the distribution, while the proposed design model gives a more accurate prediction for the ultimate bearing capacity of axially loaded Ru‐CFST columns with the highest R‐squared value of about 0.99 and the comparatively lowest mean absolute percent error of 7.54. It can be stated that the proposed GEP‐based design model will encourage engineers to use such sustainable structural members in their designs and constructions.

Review of organic and inorganic waste-based phase change composites in latent thermal energy storage: Thermal properties and applications

Systematization and analysis of standalone waste materials that can serve as phase change materials (PCMs), and composites consisting of commercially available PCMs combined with organic and inorganic waste materials is presented. Within the conducted review research, obtained thermal properties of so far investigated waste-derived PCMs were presented, assessing, among other, their latent heat storage capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal and cyclic stability. Refined coconut oil and Allanblackia oil exhibited exceptional thermal and cyclic stability along with high values of latent heat, amounting 105 kJ kg−1 and 81 kJ kg−1, respectively. In some cases incorporation of waste materials significantly improved thermal properties, e.g. the addition of carbonized waste tire rubber to dodecyl alcohol increased its thermal conductivity to 0.431 W m−1K−1, representing an increase by a factor of 2.3. This enhancement led to a 17.2 % reduction in heating times and a 20 % reduction in cooling times compared to using pure PCM. Besides providing extensive data on thermophysical properties of phase change composites, the study provides a comprehensive overview of their applications, economic feasibility, and environmental implications. This extensive review shows the potential of waste-derived PCMs to contribute to a circular economy by repurposing waste materials for sustainable energy solutions and reducing environmental impacts. The findings indicate that while valorising wastes or by-products as latent thermal energy storage materials is feasible, more research efforts are required towards potential commercialization.

Predicting the modulus of elasticity of clayey soil composites reinforced with scrap tire rubber fibers using a composite material model

In this study, composite material models are used to predict the modulus of elasticity of a composite consisting of scrap tire rubber fibers and clayey soils. The calculated modulus of elasticity is compared with the reference modulus obtained from experimental testing. Predicting the effective mechanical properties of composites is crucial in situations where testing is impractical, challenging, or costly. The analysis involves various approaches within the elasticity framework, utilizing rheological models such as Voigt, Reuss, Hirsch-Dougill, Popovics, Halpin-Tsai, Hashin, and the Bache & Napper–Christensen estimation. These models aim to predict the effective Young's modulus of the composite system comprising soil and rubber fibers. The maximum discrepancies observed are 10.66%, 12.71%, and 12.98% for both soils. Voigt, Hashin, and Bache estimations provide highly accurate predictions of the effective Young's modulus, showing excellent agreement with experimental results across different fiber volume fractions ranging from 10% to 50%.

Emission evaluation on distilled oil of pyrolyzed waste tyre oil with nano pyrogallol fuelled DICI engine

Emission evaluation on distilled oil of pyrolyzed waste tyre oil with nano pyrogallol fuelled DICI engine

Sound Insulation Properties of Sound-Reduction Louverswith Innovative Devulcanized Rubber

The growing amount of used tires presents many environmental challenges around the world. Therefore, new ways to reuse used tires are being sought. One of the uses of waste tires is in sound-insulating constructions. Waste tires can be shredded into granules, which can be further devulcanized to increase their porosity. These granules can then be glued to panels and used in sound-insulating structures. Acoustic louvers were investigated in this study, with the louvers’ plates covered with rubber granule panels. Sound absorption parameters of rubber granule panels were tested across frequency bands ranging from 160 Hz to 5000 Hz. The results showed the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient reached 0.87–0.96 at 3150 Hz for 12 mm rubber granule plates. Measurements were conducted in a semi-anechoic chamber. The study has shown that rubber louvers can reduce the sound pressure level by 8 dB–12 dB, depending on the composite of the rubber granule panels and the tilt angle of the louvers’ plates.

Modeling green recycled aggregate concrete using machine learning and variance-based sensitivity analysis

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is commonly used to lessen the environmental effect of concrete building and demolition waste. The compressive strength of the RAC is one of the most critical factors influencing concrete quality. The compressive strength is assessed by a compression test, which takes a large number of materials and is expensive and time-consuming. With the development of novel concrete mixes and applications, academics are obliged to seek accurate models for forecasting mechanical strength. A significant source of difficulty in compressive strength modeling is that there are many mixture components and testing conditions whose variation significantly influences the predicted values. To this end, this study explores the mixture design of sustainable concrete in order to generate eco-friendly concrete mixes. Tests are conducted on 18 different mixtures comprising different proportions of waste tires, plastic, cement, and red brick to experiment with new green RAC mixtures. For the modeling part, the deep residual neural networks (DRNNs) method is first presented to the problem, aided by a database from the literature for a pretraining task. The proposed DRNNs structure uses shortcuts (i.e., residual connections) that bypass some layers in the deep network structure to alleviate the problem of training with high accuracy. The performance of the proposed DRNNs is evaluated using different goodness of fit measures and compared with well-known machine learning tools. The findings showed that the suggested model could provide credible predictions about the desired mechanical parameter, saving the required lab efforts by 40 %. Finally, a variance-based global sensitivity analysis is performed with the Latin hypercube simulation method to help rank/prioritize each mixture component's impact on determining the compressive strength in practice while mitigating the potential misrepresentation of results due to the correlations between the input parameters. The analysis showed that cement and waste contents are the most significant ones in their first and total order effects.

Pyrolysis-catalysis of waste tire to enhance the aromatics selectivity via metal-modified ZSM-5 catalysts

Excessive untreated waste tires (WT) have posed threats to the environment and human health. Pyrolysis-catalysis, as a promising treatment technology, could convert WT into high-valued products such as pyrolysis oil. Moreover, BTX compounds (Benzene, toluene, and xylene) were important raw materials in the chemical industry. In order to sharply increase the BTX selectivity in the pyrolytic oil, transition metals (Ni and Fe) were impregnated on the ZSM-5 catalyst. Furthermore, this paper also explored the effect of catalysis modes, catalysts-to-feedstock mass ratios, and catalysis temperatures on the distribution of the aromatics in the WT pyrolysis-catalysis oil. The results suggested that the optimal operating parameters for BTX compound production with a selectivity of 39.87% were in-situ mode, catalysis temperature=600 °C, and catalyst-to-feedstock mass ratio=1:1 by applying Ni/ZSM-5. According to the GC-MS identification results, it proposed that the Diels-Alder reaction of isoprene and cracking and recombination of limonene in the aliphatic hydrocarbon pool were the main paths to generate the aromatics, while the addition of ethylene radicals in the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (MAH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pools was dominant in the growth of the aromatics. The study provided a viable approach for upgrading WT to produce high-value aromatic products.

Fracture behavior of environmentally friendly high-strength concrete using recycled rubber powder and steel fibers: Experiment and modeling

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is becoming increasingly popular for its exceptional mechanical properties but suffers from high cost and limited ductility. To overcome these limitations, this study explores the development of cost-effective and ductile Environmentally friendly High-strength Concrete (E-HSC) by incorporating recycled steel fiber (RSF) and rubber powder into UHPC. Fracture properties and crack propagation behavior were examined through three-point bending fracture tests on notched beams with varying rubber powder (0 %, 5 %, 20 %, 35 % and 50 %) and recycled steel fiber (1 %, 2 % and 3 %) content. Digital Image Correlation method was Used to Measure Crack mouth opening displacement and Fracture process zone in the Fracture Process of E-HSC of the E-HSC were analyzed using the digital image correlation method. Results revealed that E-HSC with 5 % rubber powder exhibited superior fracture energy and double-K fracture toughness. The use of rubber powder and RSF enhances the ductility of concrete, with the characteristic length consistently increasing as the content of rubber powder and RSF increases. Additionally, a softening constitutive model was proposed to evaluate the fracture performance of E-HSC based on rubber powder and recycled steel fiber content. This research provides experimental data and theoretical insights for developing resilient E-HSC suitable for applications in significant structures.

The impact of utilizing waste tires and plastic on concrete pavement performance and environmental benefits

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the integration of sustainable practices in construction projects by utilizing waste materials like waste plastic and rubber tires, specifically in Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) mixes. While adding plastic waste fibers (PF) has shown to enhance the performance of rigid pavements, the environmental and cost benefits are limited. On the other hand, using tire-derived aggregates (TDA) compromises the mechanical properties of PCC but offers significant environmental advantages and cost reductions. This study explores the outcomes of combining PF and TDA in PCC mixtures, assessing their impact on pavement performance through KENPAVE software, which evaluates deflections and cracking indices. Additionally, the environmental and cost effects of this combination are analyzed using the PaLATE 2.0 software, aiming to develop sustainable and economically viable rigid pavements.

Pyrolysis char from waste tyres its characteristics, upgrading and application

The pyrolysis of waste tyres can recycle energy and produce reusable products (oil, char and gas). Although there are many reviews in the literature in regard to the pyrolysis characteristics of waste tyres, but this paper critically looked as pyrolysis char as one of the useful product. Its physical characteristics include pore diameter, pore volume, specific surface area, and composition. The common detection techniques of the physical characteristics include elemental analysis, proximate analysis, SEM, EDS, TGA, XRF, BET, and Raman spectroscopy. The chemical characteristics of tyre char mainly include calorific value, the surface functional groups (i.e phenols, alcohols, carboxylic acid and C-O/C-O-C chemical structures) which can be determined by FT-IR, XRD. The higher sulfur retention on the surface of tyre char is obtained at low temperature compared with that obtained at high temperature. Tyre char could also be directly used as a catalyst material to decrease the operational cost, and improve the quality of pyrolysis oil and gas. The modified tyre char with high specific surface area and lower ash content could be used as an activated carbon adsorbent material, catalyst and catalyst support, capacitor electrode to create higher commercial value, as an adsorbent, in batteries and so on. It is suggested that the recycling applications of tyre char should be developed, which can create a high level of potential economic prospects for the waste tyre pyrolysis industry.

Impact properties of an end of life tires’ rubber. Numerical validation considering large strain and strain rate conditions

The objective of the authors is to demonstrate that the inclusion of renewed rubber from recycled end of life tires (ELT) can improve the performance of any structural system designed to dissipate impact energy. An interesting application would be its use in road safety barriers. This research starts with the rigorous characterization of the recycled material in order to include it in a viable numerical model. The authors presented, in a previous work (*), the experimental viscoelastic properties of recycled rubber, obtained under impact conditions. Bergström–Boyce (BB) nonlinear viscoelastic model was selected as the most suitable to fit the material behavior. This model is defined by nine material constants that are impossible to obtain, uniquely and directly, considering that only compression test results are available as input data. To overcome this challenge, optimization methods were applied resulting in as many sets of parameters as used optimization methods were considered and, moreover, remarkable differences between constants were observed. Solving this problem is the motivation of the present research: the validation of the optimization method by mean of the numerical evaluation of the obtained sets. The software considered for the numerical evaluation of impact tests (LS-DYNA®) had two slightly different implementations for the BB model: the original, based on the work published in 2009 by Dal & Kaliske and a more recent one implemented by Bergström, based on his works published in 1998 and 2000. This leads to a new question: which is the most appropriate implementation-optimization method for calibrating this material? This paper provides the answer to this question carrying out a complete comparative numerical analysis of all sets by means of explicit dynamics simulations. All calibrations, using the original LS-DYNA® implementation, were in perfect agreement with the experimental results. However, only one optimization method produced acceptable results for the most recent approach. A robust method to characterize recycled rubber from recycled tires using the Bergström–Boyce nonlinear viscoelastic model is presented, despite the experimental limitations (González-Vega et al. 2022).

Green Composite Concrete Incorporating with Non-Biodegradable Wastes

This research studied the properties of the green composite concrete for paving blocks comprised of the non-biodegradable wastes of PET bottle flake (15-35 wt%), metalized plastic film from food packaging (0-5 wt%), colored glass powder (5-15 wt%), and ground tire rubber (5-20 wt%) as low cost and ecofriendly reinforced materials. The various concentrations of those wastes in the concrete can be grouped into 14 compositions. The properties of the composite paving blocks were compared to those of standard concrete in terms of density moisture absorption, water absorption, and compressive strength. The results showed that the standard paving blocks had better properties than those of composite paving blocks. The combination of colored glass powder in the concrete can enhance all properties of the concrete block; moreover, the insertion of scrap tires can improve moisture absorption property. However, the addition of metalized plastic, and plastic bottle wastes induced the void inside the concrete decreasing the properties of the concrete.

Influence of preparation parameters on rheological properties and relation analysis of waste rubber modified bitumen mastic

Waste rubber modified bitumen has gained significant attention as a sustainable and innovative material in the field of pavement engineering. This study aims to evaluate the performance of rubber modified bitumen mastic by considering its rheological properties, specifically focusing on preparation parameters, i.e., rubber content, mesh number, and filler to bitumen ratio. From the experimental results, the rheological properties of rubber modified bitumen mastic were significantly influenced by preparation parameters. Increasing the rubber powder content in bitumen mastic results in higher viscosity. Increasing the rubber content improves high-temperature rutting resistance to a certain extent, however, excessive rubber powder content would result in weakened high-temperature performance improvement. The rutting factor decreases gradually with an increase in the rubber mesh number. A ratio of filler to bitumen of 0.95 exhibits the best resistance to rutting at high temperatures. Higher rubber content and larger mesh number correspond to stronger low-temperature crack resistance in bitumen mastic. As the ratio of filler to bitumen increases, the low-temperature deformation capacity gradually decreases, resulting in weaker low-temperature crack resistance. Based on the grey relation analysis, the ratio of filler to bitumen has the greatest impact on the high and low-temperature rheological properties of bitumen mastic, followed by the rubber content. The rubber mesh number has a relatively lower impact. It is crucial to control the ratio of filler to bitumen to avoid excessive values. When possible, a higher rubber powder content should be used while meeting process requirements. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of rubber modified bitumen mastic, which can contribute to the development of sustainable and high-performance bitumen mixtures, promoting the use of recycled rubber in pavement engineering.