Calculation Of Score Research Articles

P-577. Improved Testing for Chronic Disease Among Long-Acting Injectable Versus Daily Oral Antiretroviral Therapy Users in the OPERA Cohort

Abstract Background People with HIV (PWH) develop more chronic illnesses at younger ages. Frequent healthcare interactions can help with early detection and management of chronic disease. We aimed to describe the frequency and timing of testing related to chronic disease among PWH receiving long-acting (LA) antiretroviral therapy (ART) versus oral ART in the OPERA® cohort. Methods We identified treatment-experienced, suppressed (viral load < 50 copies/mL) adults initiating cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB+RPV) LA injections or a new oral ART regimen between 21JAN2021 and 30JUN2022. Each PWH initiating CAB+RPV LA was matched to 1-3 PWH initiating oral ART based on age, sex, and location. We followed matched groups until regimen discontinuation, death, loss to follow-up, or 30JUN2023 and calculated the proportions of PWH receiving metabolic testing and risk score calculations (ASCVD, FIB-4, eGFR, and VACS Mortality Index) over follow-up. Results Baseline characteristics between 730 CAB+RPV LA and 2,178 oral ART users were similar (Table 1). Lipid (Figure 1) and serum glucose (Figure 2) testing occurred among a greater proportion of CAB+RPV LA than oral ART users over follow-up (lipids: 75% vs. 68%; glucose: 97% vs. 86%). Similarly, there were greater proportions of CAB+RPV LA PWH receiving those tests than oral ART PWH, among the subset of PWH who were due for those screenings. A smaller proportion of oral ART users received recommended lipid (14%) and glucose (34%) testing within 1-3 months after baseline compared to 22% and 52%, respectively, of CAB+RPV LA users. Risk scores were calculated among a greater proportion of CAB+RPV LA users (68-96%) than oral ART users (66-86%). Risk score components (usually lab values) were also updated sooner after baseline among CAB+RPV LA users, providing earlier opportunity for intervention as appropriate (Table 2). Conclusion Compared to oral ART users, a larger proportion of CAB+RPV LA users received recommended lipid and serum glucose testing; the same held true for risk score calculations related to mortality and cardiovascular, liver, and renal health, which also occurred sooner after baseline among CAB+RPV LA users. Regular clinic visits for CAB+RPV LA injections may provide an opportunity for earlier detection and management of chronic disease conditions. Disclosures Rachel P. Weber, PhD, EMD Serono: Research support to my employer|Gilead Sciences: Research support to my employer|Merck & Co.: Research support to my employer|TheraTechnologies: Research support to my employer|ViiV Healthcare: Research support to my employer Gerald Pierone, Jr., MD, GSK: Grant/Research Support|VIIV: Grant/Research Support Michael G. Sension, MD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|Viiv: Honoraria Anthony M. Mills, MD, Abbott: Grant/Research Support|Emit Bio: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Jennifer S. Fusco, BS, EMD Serono: Research support to my employer|Gilead Sciences: Research support to my employer|Merck & Co.: Research support to my employer|TheraTechnologies: Research support to my employer|ViiV Healthcare: Research support to my employer Brooke Levis, PhD, EMD Serono: Research support to my employer|Gilead Sciences: Research support to my employer|Merck & Co.: Research support to my employer|TheraTechnologies: Research support to my employer|ViiV Healthcare: Research support to my employer Gayathri Sridhar, MBBS, MPH, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company)|ViiV Healthcare: Full Time Employee Vani Vannappagari, MBBS, MPH, PhD, GSK: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company)|ViiV Healthcare: Full time Employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Jean A. van Wyk, MBChB, MFPM, ViiV Healthcare: Employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Gregory P. Fusco, MD, MPH, EMD Serono: Research support to my employer|Gilead Sciences: Research support to my employer|Merck & Co.: Research support to my employer|TheraTechnologies: Research support to my employer|ViiV Healthcare: Research support to my employer

A Study on ESG Evaluation Indicators Through Chemical Accident Data Analysis and Double Materiality Assessment

This study focuses on identifying key factors that companies should prioritize to prevent chemical accidents from an ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) perspective. ESG provides insight into corporate sustainability by comprehensively considering both external impacts and internal risks. To achieve this, this study applied a scoring approach based on double materiality, assessing both internal and external impacts. The assessment process involved data collection, categorization of accident causes, score calculation, and prioritization of safety management items. Data from chemical accident statistics revealed that mechanical integrity, human factors, and preventive maintenance were the primary causes across all three countries. Internal impacts were evaluated by accident severity and frequency, while external impacts considered casualties and management priorities. Internal impact results showed mechanical integrity as critical in the U.S., preventive maintenance in the U.K., and human factors in Republic of Korea. For external impacts, human factors were most critical in Republic of Korea. To prioritize safety management elements for chemical accident prevention from an ESG perspective, this study categorized them into three tiers. Tier 1 represents the most critical elements requiring urgent attention, while Tier 3 includes the least critical elements. This tier classification is intended not as an absolute ranking but as a general reference for identifying overall trends in safety management priorities. Tier 1 included the U.K.’s preventive maintenance and human factors across all countries, with Republic of Korea’s human factors being the most vulnerable. Tier 2 revealed operating procedures and human factors as critical, with U.S. emergency preparedness and U.K. design highlighted. Tier 3, with impact scores below 1, was safest. These findings effectively identified safety management priorities to enhance accident prevention.

Early prediction of milk fat content in holstein cattle based on correlated variability with linear traits

The relationship between eighteen conformation linear traits of first-calf heifers of a highly productive subpopulation of Holstein cattle (n=1243) with the milk fat content for 305 days of lactation (cows with shortened lactation were excluded from the sample) was studied using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. To obtain the highest rank for animals with the optimal score, their score was adjusted. A table is presented for the transformation of estimates of linear traits depending on the optimal score adopted in the investigated farm. The correlation between the milk fat content and individual traits was multidirectional and varied in absolute terms from 0.060 to 0.154. An algorithm for the formation and correction of complexes of linear traits and the calculation of the total score is given. The conjugation of the milk fat content and the total score of the complex of ten linear traits, including: the length of the front udder, median suspensory, rear attachment height, rear attachment width, loin strength, pin width, chest width, muscularity, stature, teat length (as defined by ICAR standards) was 0.286. The given graphs of the initial and corrected complexes that have the greatest conjugation with the content of milk fat are analyzed in detail. An optimal regression model for early prediction of milk fat content based on its dependence on a set of linear treats is proposed. The approximation accuracy R2 of the model was characterized as high and amounted to 0.9831.

A Comparison of Prostate Cancer Screening Information Quality on Standard and Advanced Versions of ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Artificially Intelligent (AI) chatbots have the potential to produce information to support shared prostate cancer (PrCA) decision-making. Therefore, our purpose was to evaluate and compare the accuracy, completeness, readability, and credibility of responses from standard and advanced versions of popular chatbots: ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, Microsoft Copilot, Microsoft Copilot Pro, Google Gemini, and Google Gemini Advanced. We also investigated whether prompting chatbots for low-literacy PrCA information would improve the readability of responses. Lastly, we determined if the responses were appropriate for African-American men, who have the worst PrCA outcomes. The study used a cross-sectional approach to examine the quality of responses solicited from chatbots. The study did not include human subjects. Eleven frequently asked PrCA questions, based on resources produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Cancer Society (ACS), were posed to each chatbot twice (once for low literacy populations). A coding/rating form containing questions with key points/answers from the ACS or CDC to facilitate the rating process. Accuracy and completeness were rated dichotomously (i.e., yes/no). Credibility was determined by whether a trustworthy medical or health-related organization was cited. Readability was determined using a Flesch-Kincaid readability score calculator that enabled chatbot responses to be entered individually. Average accuracy, completeness, credibility, and readability percentages or scores were calculated using Excel. All chatbots were accurate, but the completeness, readability, and credibility of responses varied. Soliciting low-literacy responses significantly improved readability, but sometimes at the detriment of completeness. All chatbots recognized the higher PrCA risk in African-American men and tailored screening recommendations. Microsoft Copilot Pro had the best overall performance on standard screening questions. Microsoft Copilot outperformed other chatbots on responses for low literacy populations. AI chatbots are useful tools for learning about PrCA screening but should be combined with healthcare provider advice.

Re-defining the interpretation of 24-h urine studies for stone formers.

To identify associations between 24-h urine abnormalities and clinical risk factors for recurrent stone formers. The Registry for Stones of the Kidney and Ureter was queried for all patients who underwent 24-h urine studies. Patients were categorised by the number of clinical risk factors for recurrent stone disease. Stone recurrence was calculated by stone events per person-year. We utilised a novel method to calculate an overall severity score for 24-h urine parameters. The stone recurrence and 24-h urinary analyte values were then compared using Student's t-tests, chi-square analysis and negative binomial regression. A total of 614 stone patients met our inclusion criteria and were categorised by the number of clinical stone risk factors. On adjusted and unadjusted analysis, an escalating number of clinical risk factors predicted increased stone recurrence risk. However, there were no differences in mean 24-h urine analyte values amongst these groups aside from higher urinary calcium. However, after calculation of a 24-h urine severity score there was a significantly higher mean severity as the number of clinical risk factors increased. This severity score also independently predicted stone recurrence on adjusted negative binomial regression. Utilising a novel 24-h urine scoring system, we showed that higher-risk stone patients have more severe 24-h urine characteristics, which was not apparent using conventional analysis. Both the severity score and clinical characteristics independently identified those at risk of stone recurrence.

P0435 Comparative analysis between capsule endoscopy and ileocolonoscopy for activity detection in ileal Crohn’s disease. Preliminary results from the CAPITER study, a multicenter study from the Young Group of GETECCU

Abstract Background The terminal ileum stands out as the most frequently affected segment of the gastrointestinal tract in Crohn’s disease (CD). However, ileocolonoscopy (IC) may occasionally fail to fully explore this area. Assessing inflammation activity only in the terminal ileum may lead to underestimating the overall ileal involvement. Capsule endoscopy (CE) offers a complete examination of both the entire terminal ileum and the proximal ileal segment. Methods This study presents the preliminary analysis of an ongoing multicenter retrospective study conducted at 16 Spanish GETECCU centres. The primary outcome was to explore the concordance for null, mild, or moderate-severe activity detection between CE in the total ileum and IC in the terminal ileum. We also investigated the correlation between both examinations. Patient inclusion criteria permitted a maximum time interval of 3 months between the two examinations. The Lewis score of the third segment of the small intestine (Lewis-3S) was used for activity measurement in CE and the SES-CD index of the terminal ileum was used for IC. Retrospective inspection of endoscopic reports for score calculation was allowed. The study also included a comparative analysis of the specific evaluation of the terminal ileum. Correlation of endoscopic scores with clinical and biochemical markers was performed. Furthermore, we collected safety data and whether the therapeutic approach changed based on CE results in contrast to IC results. Results Ninety-two patients with ileal CD who underwent CE and IC have been collected. Seventy-four patients were included in the main analysis because of missing data in the remaining patients. Inflammation severity was null, low and moderate-severe in 17/35/22 patients for CE and in 51/20/3 for IC, respectively. Both scores showed weak to minimum concordance (κ 0.13 [95% CI, 0.01-0.26], p=0.03). The median Lewis-3S was 409 [IQR, 164-1294] and the median SES-CD was 2 [IQR, 0-4]. A weak correlation was observed between both scores, with a potential for a moderate association (⍴ 0.38 [95% CI, 0.17-0.6], p<0.0001). CE detected luminal stenosis in 16 patients, and IC only in one patient that was also detected by CE. CE was incomplete in 10 out of 92 patients (11%), with only one case of stenosis retention requiring surgical extraction. In patients who underwent CE and IC for known CD monitoring, CE guided a treatment change in 19 out of 53 patients (36%). No correlation between endoscopic scores and clinical or biochemical markers was observed. Conclusion In this preliminary analysis, despite the limited sample size, our findings indicate an underestimation of global ileal activity when measured by IC in comparison to CE examination.

Performance of an Electronic Health Record-Based Automated Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index Score Calculator: Cohort Study in the Emergency Department.

Studies suggest that less than 4% of patients with pulmonary embolisms (PEs) are managed in the outpatient setting. Strong evidence and multiple guidelines support the use of the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) for the identification of acute PE patients appropriate for outpatient management. However, calculating the PESI score can be inconvenient in a busy emergency department (ED). To facilitate integration into ED workflow, we created a 2023 Epic-compatible clinical decision support tool that automatically calculates the PESI score in real-time with patients' electronic health data (ePESI [Electronic Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index]). The primary objectives of this study were to determine the overall accuracy of ePESI and its ability to correctly distinguish high- and low-risk PESI scores within the Epic 2023 software. The secondary objective was to identify variables that impact ePESI accuracy. We collected ePESI scores on 500 consecutive patients at least 18 years old who underwent a computerized tomography-pulmonary embolism scan in the ED of our tertiary, academic health center between January 3 and February 15, 2023. We compared ePESI results to a PESI score calculated by 2 independent, medically-trained abstractors blinded to the ePESI and each other's results. ePESI accuracy was calculated with binomial test. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated using logistic regression. Of the 500 patients, a total of 203 (40.6%) and 297 (59.4%) patients had low- and high-risk PESI scores, respectively. The ePESI exactly matched the calculated PESI in 394 out of 500 cases, with an accuracy of 78.8% (95% CI 74.9%-82.3%), and correctly identified low- versus high-risk in 477 out of 500 (95.4%) cases. The accuracy of the ePESI was higher for low-risk scores (OR 2.96, P<.001) and lower when patients were without prior encounters in the health system (OR 0.42, P=.008). In this single-center study, the ePESI was highly accurate in discriminating between low- and high-risk scores. The clinical decision support should facilitate real-time identification of patients who may be candidates for outpatient PE management.

Evaluation of polygenic risk scores for hormones and receptors levels in patients with vestibulodynia: a case-control study.

Vulvodynia is a multifactorial disease affecting 7%-16% of reproductive-aged women in general population; however, little is still known about the genetics underlying this complex disease. To compare polygenic risk scores for hormones and receptors levels in a case-control study to investigate their role in vulvodynia and their correlation with clinical phenotypes. Our case-control study included patients with vestibulodynia (VBD) and healthy women. All participants underwent a vestibular cotton swab test and the assessment of their: pelvic floor, vestibular trophism, ultrasound vestibular mucosa thickness, and current perception threshold levels (Neurometer CPT device). Shallow whole genome sequencing and polygenic risk score calculations were performed. Linear regression models were applied to predict whether genomic predisposition varied significantly between cases and controls, and to investigate the relationship of polygenic risk scores with clinical endophenotypes. The genomic predisposition to hormones and receptors levels, together with clinical endophenotypes, can support VBD diagnosis and personalized treatment of related pain condition. Thirty women with VBD and 30 controls were recruited. Significant differences between cases and controls were observed for body mass index, vestibular mucosa thickness, vestibular trophic health, pelvic floor hypertone and pain sensitivity (P < .05). Cases showed a genomic predisposition to higher levels of membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 1 compared to controls (P < .05). When considering the clinical endophenotypes, cases showed significant correlations between their polygenic risk scores with several clinical measures: predicted genomic levels of testosterone and estrogen receptor and the vestibular mucosa thickness values (estimates: 9.74E-09 and 9.16E-08, respectively; P < .05); predicted genomic levels of prolactin and Neurometer data at 250Hz (-2.15E-07; P < .05); predicted genomic levels of prolactin, membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 2 and mineralocorticoid receptor and Neurometer data at 5Hz (-3.75E-07, -3.43E-07 and -3.06E-07, respectively; P < .05). Introduction of polygenic risk scores evaluation in clinical practice can assist early diagnosis and personalized therapeutic treatment of VBD. Polygenic risk scores and clinical data allowed the identification of disease endophenotypes and highlighted the possibility of a personalized therapeutic approach. As limitations, these data should be confirmed on a larger cohort and polygenic risk score calculation should be adapted to ancestries other than European. Cases showed significant differences compared to controls on both clinical and genetic data and specific endophenotypes necessary to classify disease development and treatment were identified.

The MRI-based vertebral bone quality score is a predictor of pedicle screw loosening following instrumented posterior lumbar fusion

Objective: To investigate the predictive ability of the MRI-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score for pedicle screw loosening following instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Methods: Data from patients who have received one or two-level instrumented TLIF from February 2014 to March 2015 were retrospectively collected. Pedicle screw loosening was diagnosed when the radiolucent zone around the screw exceeded 1 mm in plain radiographs. The T1-weighted MRI sagittal images were used for calculation of the VBQ score. The score was calculated with the median signal intensity value of L1 to L4 divided by the signal intensity value of cerebrospinal fluid at the L3 level. Univariate analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis assessed the predictive ability of the VBQ score on screw loosening. Results: Among the included 211 patients, 75 of them (35.55%) had pedicle screw loosening at the 24 month follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression analyses demonstrated that higher VBQ score (OR: 27.887 ± 0.514 ,95% CI: 10.189–76.326), male sex (female to male 0.323 ± 0.483, 0.126–0.833), and longer fusion length (2.578 ± 0.545, 1.166–5.701) were significant influencing factors for pedicle screw loosening. The VBQ score significantly predicted screw loosening with an accuracy of 78.9%. Conclusions: A higher VBQ score was an independent risk factor for pedicle screw loosening following instrumented TLIF. The MRI-based VBQ score showed good predictive ability for screw loosening and could be used as an alternative option for preoperative bone quality evaluation.

Digital Era Dynamics: Uncovering Self-Regulation Patterns in Science Learning Among Border Region Junior High School Students

Purpose of the study: The research objective is to provide essential insights into students' self-regulation characteristics in border regions, which can inform strategic efforts to maintain and improve their capabilities as they navigate the challenges of the digital era. Methodology: This study used quantitative research with descriptive data analysis involving 198 students from three junior high schools in Nunukan Regency. Data was collected using a self-regulation questionnaire with a Likert scale, which measured four indicators: forethought, volitional control, motivation, and self-reflection. The data was then analyzed using score and average calculations to assess the students' self-regulation profile. Main Findings: The study findings reveal that the self-regulation profile of junior high school students in Nunukan Regency is generally in the high category, with an average of 77%. The motivation indicator reached the highest level at 81%, while volitional control was the lowest at 72%. Notably, differences in self-regulation levels were observed across the participating schools and grade levels. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the self-regulation characteristics of students in the border area of Nunukan Regency, which can serve as a basis for developing more effective learning strategies and improving the quality of education in similar contexts. The findings offer valuable insights that can inform the development of targeted interventions and support systems to cater to the specific needs of learners in border regions as they navigate the challenges of the digital era.

Emergency and postoperative access to critical and enhanced care: a multicentre prospective observational study.

The ability to admit patients to enhanced or critical care may be limited by bed availability. In a network with low provision of critical and enhanced care beds, we aimed to assess the proportion of patients having surgery with moderate (1%-< 5%) or high (≥ 5%) predicted risk of 30-day postoperative mortality and their postoperative care location. We also aimed to study referral and admission outcomes to critical care. This prospective, 7-day observational study was conducted across 19 acute hospital sites within the South West Critical Care Network. All adult inpatients having a procedure under the care of an anaesthetist (excluding cardiac and obstetric procedures) had a surgical outcome risk tool score calculated retrospectively, and their postoperative destination captured. Synchronously, all critical care referrals, admissions and refusal decisions were captured, along with critical care bed capacity. Of 2222 eligible patients, 1728 (78%) were captured. Retrospective surgical outcome risk tool score calculation revealed 1060 (61%) patients had a low, 418 (24%) a moderate and 250 (15%) a high risk of postoperative mortality. In patients with a moderate predicted risk of postoperative morbidity, 72/418 (17%) received enhanced or critical care and 64/249 (26%) patients with a high predicted risk received critical care. All critical care referral and admission activity was captured; in total, 263/680 (39%) of patients referred were admitted to critical care. Referrals to critical care exceeded the available level 3-equivalent beds on 79% of occasions. These data describe constraints in access to postoperative and emergency enhanced/critical care in the south-west of England. There is poor compliance with national guidance regarding the postoperative care location of patients with a moderate or high risk of postoperative mortality.

Advanced shooting target with bullet collector, semi-automatic bulls-eye paper positioning and automatic shooting score

Shooting exercises in Indonesia typically use simple bulls-eye targets on wooden boards with sand backstops, requiring manual setup and score calculation. This setup is inefficient, especially for long-range shooting, as operators must walk far to retrieve targets, and bullets embedded in sand are hard to recycle. This project developed an advanced shooting target featuring a bullet collector, semi-automatic target setup, automatic scoring, and target monitoring. A system with such complete features is not available in the market. This target system has a roll of bulls-eye paper and the roller is powered by a servo motor controlled by a switch to command a fresh new page of bulls-eye its positioning is helped by an infrared sensor to detect markers in the paper for correct positioning. This system is equipped with a bullet collector system by directing the bullet to a container using 450 angled armor and a layer of sand in the container to stop the bullet. This system is also equipped with a camera pointing to the bulls-eye paper and its output is transmitted to a monitor close to the shooter to identify bullet tracks for evaluating his shooting performance and to improve his shooting strategy. The image from the same camera is used for image processing with the OpenCV library and Python scripts to calculate the shooting score automatically. Several physical tests have been conducted and the system proves to perform reasonably well in the tests with some errors of around 3% for single bullet holes and simple multiple bullet holes. Based on test results, the pistol bullets have quite different properties from the rifle bullets. Pistol bullets follow the impact deflection with a coefficient of restitution e = 0 while rifle bullets follow the impact deflection with e ≈ 0.5. The pistol bullets are completely disintegrated after impact while the rifle bullets are just distorted.

Effect of HDF on obestatin level as a marker of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients

Background Obestatin is a proposed anorexigenic gut peptide, known as appetite regulatory hormone. We postulated a potential correlation between obestatin level and malnutrition in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Measurement of obestatin concentration in HD patients would help to evaluate the possible participation of this hormone in protein energy wasting in maintenance HD patients. The objective of this study is to assay the effect of hemodiafiltration (HDF) on serum obestatin level in prevalent HD patients. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study included 40 prevalent HD patients: (20 patients maintained on high-flux HD) and (20 patients maintained on online HDF), 20 healthy individuals served as controls. Full history in detail was taken and a full clinical examination was done, with malnutrition-inflammation score calculation. Routine laboratory analysis was performed also, with evaluation of serum obestatin level pre and post session by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results BMI was statistically significantly lower in HD and HDF groups compared with the control group (P= 0.002). Obestatin level was significantly higher predialysis in HD and HDF groups in comparison to the control group (P value &lt; 0.000), with a higher obestatin reduction ratio post sessions in HDF group than HD group. (P value &lt; 0.001). Obestatin concentration negatively correlated with weight, height, BMI, low-density lipoprotein, and S iron (P value &lt; 0.05), while positively correlated with creatinine, urea, uric acid, and C-reactive protein (P value &lt; 0.05). Regression analysis showed that serum obestatin was independently affected by serum low-density lipoprotein level. Conclusion The current observational data suggests that obestatin hormone was elevated in prevalent HD patients (high-flux HD group and online HDF group) than control group, this hormone might be a marker of inflammation and dyslipidemia. Obestatin removal was better by online HDF than high flux HD.

SSIM over MSE: A new perspective for video anomaly detection.

Video anomaly detection plays a crucial role in ensuring public safety. Its goal is to detect abnormal patterns contained in video frames. Most existing models distinguish the anomalies based on the Mean Squared Error (MSE), which is hard to align with human perception, resulting in discrepancies between model-detected anomalies and those recognized by humans. Unlike the Human Visual System (HVS), those models are trained to prioritize texture over shape, which leads to poor model interpretability and limited performance. To address these limitations, we propose to optimize the video anomaly detection models from the perspective of human visual relevance. The optimization infrastructure includes a novel Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) based loss, a novel anomaly score calculation method based on SSIM, and a spatial-temporal enhancement block in 3D convolution (STE-3D). SSIM loss helps the model emphasize shape information in videos rather than texture. An anomaly score method based on SSIM evaluates video frames to align more closely with human visual perception. STE-3D improves the model's capacity to capture spatial-temporal features and compensates for the deficiency of the SSIM loss in capturing temporal features. STE-3D is lightweight in design and seamlessly integrated into existing video anomaly detection models based on 3D convolution. Extensive experiments and ablation studies were conducted in four challenging video anomaly detection benchmarks,i.e., UCSD Ped1, UCSD Ped2, CUHK Avenue, and ShanghaiTech. The experimental results validate the efficacy of the proposed approaches in improving video anomaly detection performance.

Log‐TF‐IDF and NETCONF‐Based Network Switch Anomaly Detection

ABSTRACTIn this study, we propose and evaluate a model that utilizes both log data and state data to detect abnormal conditions in network switches. Building upon our previous research and drawing inspiration from TF‐IDF used in natural language processing to measure word importance, we propose a statistical method, Log‐TF‐IDF, to quantify the rarity of each log pattern in the log data. Furthermore, based on this Log‐TF‐IDF, we introduce the AB Score, which quantifies how abnormal the current log pattern is. Our findings indicate that the AB Score is notably higher and more volatile in abnormal conditions. We confirm that anomaly detection is feasible through the AB Score, which has the advantage of being computationally efficient due to its statistical basis. We combined the metrics generated during the AB Score calculation with resource data collected with NETCONF and developed a machine‐learning model to detect abnormal conditions in network switches. We confirm that this model can detect abnormal conditions with an F1 score of 0.86 on our collected dataset, confirming its viability for detecting abnormal states in network equipment.

Measuring efficiency of commercial banks and other deposit institutions: DEA-Malmquist approach

Research background: Commercial banks play a vital role in the global financial system and are critical components of it. Hence, the efficient performance of commercial banks could lead to more robust economic stability, enhanced financial resilience, and sustainable growth. The pandemic/post-pandemic period forces the expansion of digitalisation in the economy, including the banking sector. The Malmquist Index helps to assess productivity change. This research fills the gap in measuring the dynamics of efficiency and productivity change during the pandemic/post-pandemic period in a small open economy. Purpose of the article: The current study aims to assess and compare the dynamics of banking sector efficiency and productivity change in the pandemic/post-pandemic period. Methods: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used in the current research in order to measure the efficiency of deposit institutions operating in Lithuania. The study employed the input-oriented Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) model in order to assess how efficiently the banks utilise the inputs to achieve the outputs. The calculations of the efficiency scores were complemented using the Malmquist Index, which evaluates the productivity change over time using Total Factor Productivity Change (TFPCH), Technical Efficiency Change (TECH), and Technological Change (TCCH). Findings &amp; value added: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the banks’ efficiency and productivity change using DEA and MI for the Lithuanian banking sector. The research results have revealed varying efficiency among the Lithuanian commercial banks and other deposit institutions within the four investigated models. Depending on the model, some studied deposit institutions reached the highest scores, while others showed lower efficiency. However, the results of the Malmquist Index have showed overall productivity growth across all the models, underlining positive technological advancements despite challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e. the productivity change showed a positive dynamic over the analysed period. The present research provides valuable insights and contributes to efficiency-related knowledge, highlighting trends in productivity for strategic decision-making and policy formulation based on the case of deposit institutions operating in Lithuania. The results are valuable and could be practically implied by other EU banks operating in small open economies by adopting the practices of the banks that were considered efficient and showed positive productivity change. In other words, high-performing Lithuanian banks could be treated as a benchmark and set as a model for less efficient banks operating in other EU countries.

Development of a literacy pocket book based on Tri-N teachings to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students in the critical reasoning dimension of elementary school students

The purpose of this study is (1) to describe the analysis of the needs of literacy pocket books based on Tri-N teachings to improve critical reasoning dimensions. (2) to describe the results of the validity of the pocket book product. (3) to describe the results of the pocket book effectiveness test. This study is used as a solution to improve students' critical reasoning. This study is a Research and Development (RnD) research and development with the ADDIE model (analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The trial subjects were grade VI students of SDN Paliyan I with 7 students and a large-scale trial class at SDN Paliyan II totaling 18 students. Data collection techniques used observation and interview methods while data analysis techniques used questionnaires and validation sheets.The results of this development research are (1) Characteristics of pocket book development in niteni, nirokke, and nambahi activities. (2) Product feasibility based on validity tests according to learning resource validators showed a score of 80% and media experts showed a score of 85% or in the very valid category. (3) The effectiveness of the pocket book product is proven by the results of observations that show an average value before using the pocket book of 4.57 and after using the pocket book of 8.57 with an average N Gain score calculation of 0.74 or a high category. While on a broad scale the average is 0.71 or a high category. This shows that Tri-N based pocket books are able to improve critical reasoning characters through literacy activities.

STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN PROGRAM HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN (HKm) DI KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN PRODUKSI BARITO TENGAH

The aim of this research is to formulate a strategy for community forest management in the Central Barito Production Forest Management Unit. Data analysis used the SWOT formula with planning techniques to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a project. The research object is the Datah Berbuahl Forest Farmer Group in Sei Rahayu II Village with SK KTH SK.2580/MENLHK-PSKL/PKPS/PSL.0/4/2018 and the Karya Bersama Forest Farmer Group in Hajak Village with SK KTH SK.7132/MENLHK-PSKL/PKPS/PSL.0/4/2019. The selection of informants for interviews in the Focus Group Discussion was carried out deliberately to represent groups of community forest farmers who have influence in making group decisions and representatives of informants related institutions in community forestry programs, such as the KPHP Central Barito, NGOs/Customary Heads and Village Heads. The results of the SWOT matrix are built based on the results of an analysis of external and internal strategic factors, there are four main strategies, namely utilizing the availability of large enough land (SO), improving road access to the location of Forest Farmers Groups (WO), designating clear forest areas (ST) and increasing farmers' interest in managing Hkm (WT). The score calculation results on the matrix based on the EMP development strategy in North Barito Regency are in quadrant I (0.62; 0.29). Quadrant I (Strategy Aggressive), that is, with the strengths possessed by forest farmer groups, they must be able to take advantage of existing opportunities, while overcoming all weaknesses that arise and constitute a profitable situation, forest farmer groups have opportunities and strengths so that they can take advantage of existing opportunities.

Development Strategy of Punti Kayu Tourism Forest in Palembang City, Indonesia; Willingness to Pay (WTP) Base Recommendation

Punti Kayu is one of the natural tourism forests in Palembang City. Punti Kayu natural tourism forest is a conservation area with a development concept based on protecting the diversity of plant and animal species. Willingness to pay is one of the things that must be considered by tourism managers because the ticket price offered is unknown about the willingness to pay of tourists, there the researcher is interested in conducting this study to find out how satisfied visitors who visit Punti Kayu Nature Tourism and how willing tourists are to pay the ticket price if using the travel cost method. This study aims to (1) determine the level of satisfaction consisting of ticket prices, attractiveness, facilities and experience of visiting Punti Kayu and determine the comparison of satisfaction levels based on the area of origin, (2) determine the value of willingness to pay based on travel costs and determine the relationship between value. willingness to pay with the satisfaction level of visiting Punti Kayu, (3) knowing the formulation of Punti Kayu development strategy in Palembang City.The data processing method used was the calculation of the satisfaction level score, the willingness to pay analysis using the travel cost method and the development strategy analysis using the SWOT analysis. The satisfaction level of tourist visits who became respondents was 60 people and an average score of 3.51 with the satisfied category was 53.30 percent. The result of the analysis of willingness to pay the visit of Punti Kayu respondent based on the travel cost method is Rp30,196.36. Based on the results of the spearman correlation calculation, the sig. (2-tailed) is 0.01 &lt; 0.05, so there is the relationship between willingness to pay and the level of satisfaction. The results of the analysis of Punti Kayu’s development strategy are in quadrant I formulation, namely the SO strategy with the strategy being to make several sports areas such as jogging track and make interseting photo spot such as adding a flower garden with an aesthetic impression.

Ceramide-based risk score CERT-1 improves risk prediction for overall mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without cardiovascular disease: A prospective cohort study.

Whether the plasma-based ceramide-based risk score CERT1 improves risk prediction for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is uncertain. Baseline and follow-up data were combined from two cohorts, 334 patients with established/suspected CVD and 196 patients with type 2 diabetes followed for a median of 74 months (interquartile range 54-79 months). For the calculation of CERT1 risk score, we measured four specific plasma ceramides [Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1)] and their ratios to Cer(d18:1/24:0). Based on the CERT1 risk score, patients were split into four risk categories (low, moderate, increased or high risk). The primary outcome was a composite of overall mortality and incident nonfatal CVD outcomes (including myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke or permanent atrial fibrillation). One hundred and thirty-nine patients developed the primary composite outcome (72 nonfatal CVD outcomes and 67 total deaths) during follow-up. Baseline CERT1 risk categories were significantly associated with the risk of developing the primary composite outcome (adjusted HR for high vs. low-risk category 2.43, 95% CI 1.39-4.22, p = 0.002, and adjusted HR for increased vs. low-risk category 2.16, 95% CI 1.28-3.63, p = 0.004). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that adding CERT1 risk score to traditional CVD risk factors and pre-existing CVD, improved the discriminatory capability of the regression model for predicting the primary composite outcome (AUROC 0.691 [95% CI 0.674-0.769] vs. 0.722 [95% CI 0.642-0.742], p = 0.0275). The ceramide-based risk score CERT1 risk score improves risk prediction for long-term risk of overall mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without CVD.