AimEssential oils (EOs) from Plumeria species exhibit noteworthy chemical compositions and diverse biological activities, rendering them valuable constituents for use in medicine, cosmetics, and perfumery. Our aim is to investigate the chemical profiles of P. alba L. and P. rubra L. cultivated in Egypt as biologically active crops. MethodsThe EOs of the flowers of P. alba and P. rubra cultivated in Egypt were prepared by steam distillation and headspace and analyzed by GC/MS. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to assess the correlation between the chemical composition of the EOs and those reported for EOs of Plumeria species in other countries. ResultsThe score plot revealed a notable difference in the components of EOs prepared by steam distillated and headspace. Geranyl benzoate (27.55 %) was the major compound identified in steam distillated sample of P. alba and linalool (32.52 %) was the major in that prepared by headspace. On the other hand, 1-heptacosanol (23.86 %) was the major compound in the steam distillated sample of P. rubra and 2-methyl-butyl aldoxime (36.38 %) was the major compound in that prepared by headspace. Both EOs demonstrated in-vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Docking study revealed that aromatic compounds have better fitting, while aliphatic compounds have better stability with lower docking interaction energy, and geranyl benzoate showed docking results and binding mode similar to that of the ligands of both enzymes; its stability after docking was confirmed by molecular dynamics. ConclusionEOs from Plumeria species are highly recommended for developing natural and effective aromatherapy products for Alzheimer’s disease.