Score Of Answers Research Articles

Awareness and knowledge of halitosis among students at two different dental universities in Turkey: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundHalitosis, or bad breath, significantly affects social and psychological well-being and is often caused by intraoral factors. Dentists play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of halitosis, but inadequate education may lead to ineffective patient care. This study examines the levels of knowledge and awareness of halitosis among undergraduate dental students.MethodsThis study employed a cross-sectional design and used an online questionnaire that was developed via Google Forms. The questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample of 250 undergraduate students from two different dentistry faculties who had completed their clinical internships. All the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Responses to the questionnaire were compared between groups using the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. The correct answer scores were compared between groups via the Mann‒Whitney U test.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the degree of attention devoted to halitosis between X University and Y University (p < 0.05). When asked, “Have you ever treated patients with halitosis? “, 28.5% of fourth-year students and 60.5% of fifth-year students answered affirmatively, indicating a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the number of correct answers between fourth- and fifth-year students (U = 7714.00, p = 0.886). There was a significant difference in the number of correct answers between the universities (U = 5817.50, p = 0.001). The number of correct answers of X University students was slightly higher than that of Y University students.ConclusionsThese results support the importance of developing training programs to improve dentists’ self-confidence, social skills, and communication skills, thereby enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of halitosis. A manual for the diagnosis and treatment of halitosis could be helpful for improving dentists’ attitudes and behaviours and for promoting optimal oral health.

Quality of Information in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Social Media Platforms Versus Large Language Models.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment disease, and it is a subject of great interest and concern to medical professionals and the general public. Our study aims to analyze and compare the quality and accuracy of the information related to CTS provided by social media platforms (SMPs) and the new large language models (LLM). On YouTube, the first 20 videos in English and the first 20 videos in Spanish when searching for "carpal tunnel syndrome" and "síndrome túnel carpo" were selected. On Instagram, the first 20 videos with the hashtag #carpaltunnelsyndrome and #tunelcarpiano were chosen (in total 80 videos). Duration, number of likes, number of views, number of followers, upload date, and author category (medical specialist, patient, etc) were evaluated. Three specific questions about CTS were asked to 2 new LLMs (ChatGPT and Google Bard). The quality of information was analyzed and compared by two independent board-certified plastic surgeons using the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) and DISCERN scales. LLMs showed a significant higher quality of information when compared with SMPs based on the DISCERN scores (P < 0.05). Average DISCERN scores for answers given by ChatGPT and Google Bard were 52.83 and 57.83, respectively (good quality). In YouTube and Instagram, the average score for the 80 videos based on the JAMA scale was 1.92 (low reliability) and 25.18 (very low quality) on the DISCERN scale. Videos created by medical professionals in SMPs were associated with a higher JAMA and DISCERN scores (P < 0.05). 53.8% of the videos were made by a nonmedical author. The quality of information from LLMs was good and significantly better than in SMP. A low participation of board-certified surgeons in SMP was found. Board-certified surgeons should be more involved in LLM and SMPs to increase leadership, improve education, and spread knowledge of peripheral nerve surgery.

Current Awareness of Removable Prosthodontics in Dentists at King Abdulaziz University

Background: Removable prosthodontics is a branch of prosthodontics that requires a high level of knowledge and great skills. This include the basic and advanced understanding of various principles and the practical skills that are crucial to deliver a good quality and satisfactory removable prostheses. To provide a successful prosthodontic treatment in partially dentate patients with removable partial denture (RPD), the awareness of basic RPD principles and design is mandatory.Therefore, academic education utilizes the good teaching strategies and precise assessment methods for the students to fulfil the required preclinical and clinical skills. In addition, to meet the planned level of competencies, the basic learning domains are required to be fulfilled. In removable prosthodontics, fulfilment of the required knowledge and skills are very crucial to deliver a high-quality prosthesis. In academic study, students are exposed to different learning experiences throughout their years of study to prepare them becoming competent graduates. Some students may face difficulties in understanding and applying the mechanobiological principles of removable partial denture. Therefore, the assessment of their knowledge and cognitive skills, as well as, the current teaching strategies is crucial to reflect upon those strategies and to plan for implementation of future teaching improvements.In this study, students and general dentists were assessed regarding their awareness and understanding of RPD principles and deign which is the initial step in performing this prosthodontic treatment option. Also, pre-lecture and post-lecture assessment was planned to reflect upon the teaching strategy in removable prosthodontics among undergraduate students. Materials and methods: A well-structured online questionnaire in removable partial denture design and principles was formulated to assess the knowledge and cognitive skills of undergraduate, postgraduate students and general dentists at KAU. Also, a pre-lecture and post-lecture assessments were carried out for fifth-year undergraduate students. Results: The proportion of correct answers were higher in female than male students among postgraduates and undergraduates (P&lt;0.05). Also, Postgraduate students showed the highest level of proportion compared to the undergraduates (P&lt;0.05). In addition, a significant higher proportion and scores of correct answers were reported in the after-lecture response among fifth-year students (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The level of awareness of removable partial denture increases with the level of experience and lectures are considered as the corner stone in teaching of his branch of prosthodontics

Analisis Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik melalui Pemberian Layanan Informasi di SDN 12 VII Koto Sungai Sarik

The success in the educational process is influenced by the willingness of students to carry out their duties while studying, the willingness of students in undergoing their education, encouragement / motivation is needed for these students, starting from motivation within themselves and motivation from outside the students. This study aims to analysis the state of student learning motivation, after obtaining information services conducted by students of the Master Program in Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, State University of Padang at SDN 12 VII Koto Sungai Sarik. This research uses descriptive quantitative research. This study also used an instrument in the form of a learning motivation questionnaire using a guttman scale which has a weighted answer score of Yes = 2; No = 1. From this study the results obtained 1) There are 14 students who have a level of learning motivation with a percentage of 73.68%; 2) There are 5 students who have a learning motivation level with a percentage of 26.32%; 3) There are no students whose learning motivation is in the medium, low, and very low categories. Therefore, it can be seen that the level of learning motivation of students at SDN 12 VII Koto Sungai Sarik, after receiving information services, the average learning motivation is in the high category.

Effectiveness of a train-the-trainer workshop series on teaching methods among nurse educators: an exemplar from Vietnam

Nurse educators play a critical role in preparing the next generation of nurses to provide high-quality patient care. The ongoing preparation of knowledge and skills for nurse educators is crucial for maintaining the quality of nursing education, particularly during the unexpected challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a workshop series on five concurrent teaching methods for nurse educators in Vietnam. A mixed-methods study was conducted. An online workshop series was conducted for 25 nurse educator representatives from five nursing schools across Vietnam. The workshop program covered of five teaching methods, including (i) teaching from face-to-face class to e-learning, (ii) team-based learning (TBL), (iii) case-based teaching (CBT), (iv) debriefing techniques used in simulation training, and (v) developing peer program to assist students’ learning. Pre- and post–surveys were used to test knowledge of teaching methods, followed by semi-structured individual interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and comparison statistics, while qualitative data underwent content analysis. Results showed a significant improvement in participants’ overall knowledge following the workshops, with the mean total score of correct answers increasing from 12.48 (SD = 2.77) in the pre-test to 16.8 (SD = 3.81) in the post-test. Substantial gains were observed in three specific areas: the classic progress of activities in team-based learning, Kolb’s experiential learning cycle in simulation debriefing techniques, and the core value of the peer mentoring model had significantly improved. Most nurse educators expressed satisfaction with the training workshops, with the “debriefing technique” being the most interesting topic. Two major themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: fostering interest in updated teaching methods and motivating the change. This study suggests that replicating the workshop series on teaching methods would be a beneficial in facilitating ongoing improvements in teaching practice in Vietnam’s nursing education system.

Can AI support human grading? Examining machine attention and confidence in short answer scoring

Can AI support human grading? Examining machine attention and confidence in short answer scoring

Innovative STEAM Learning: Creating Engaging Colloid Material Videos for High School Students Using CapCut

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to develop STEAM-based learning videos using the CapCut application on Colloid material at the high school level. Methodology: This study is a development research using the Lee &amp; Owens development model. The research instruments used were interview guidelines and questionnaires. The development products were validated by media experts and material experts, practitioner assessments were carried out by teachers and then tested in small groups. The data analysis techniques used were qualitative data analysis (comments and suggestions) and quantitative data analysis (average score of answers and percentage of questionnaires). Main Findings: The results of this study were obtained from material experts and media experts with an average score of 4.58 and 4.75 in the Very Eligible category. Furthermore, a practitioner’s assessment by chemistry teachers was obtained with an average score of 4.8 (very feasible), and received a very good response from students with a percentage of 93.5%. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces a novel approach by integrating STEAM principles into the development of learning videos on colloid materials, leveraging the CapCut application to enhance creativity and interactivity in high school education. Unlike traditional teaching methods, this research combines technology-driven video editing with STEAM-based learning to foster critical thinking, collaboration, and practical application of scientific concepts in an engaging multimedia format.

More than half of the alien plants naturalised in the arid southeast of the Iberian Peninsula could be invasive

Having a list of alien plant species naturalised in an area and knowing their invasive potential (i.e. a post-border species risk assessment framework) and the precise locations where they are found, are now a priority as a management strategy to curb their spread, avoiding damage to ecosystems and saving management costs. This is especially important in arid ecosystems, which are particularly vulnerable to impacts due to their limited resources. Weed Risk Assessment systems (WRAs) analyse plant traits that influence their invasive potential through a set of questions whose answers score taxa according to their invasive potential. In this work, we identify potentially invasive plants inhabiting the arid southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, the driest region in Europe, by compiling alien plant species recorded in the wild and applying the Australian and New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment (AWRA) system. The AWRA applies scores that evaluate species characteristics related to biography, undesirable attributes and biology/ecology for establishment elsewhere. We provide the dataset obtained in the application of the AWRA test: a list of the alien plant species naturalised in the study area and their geographical distribution; the answers, scores and results of the test, as well as the scientific sources that support the existence of such characteristics in these species. We found that 64.4% of the 177 taxa assessed can be considered potential invaders. This database represents a useful and transparent tool for environmental managers to deal with the problem of plant invasions effectively. It can also be confronted with data from other areas of the world where these species are naturalised.

Emergency Department Healthcare Providers’ Knowledge and Attitudes regarding Appropriate Indications for Indwelling Urinary Catheter Use

Abstract Introduction: Indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) are frequently used in emergency departments (EDs), but many insertions lack clear indications, leading to potential overuse. This overuse contributes to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), costing billions in preventable healthcare expenses. Campaigns such as Choosing Wisely and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines aim to reduce unnecessary IUC use, improve patient outcomes and prevent CAUTIs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey and retrospective chart review were conducted at an academic tertiary care centre. The survey targeted ED providers, including physicians and nurses, while the chart review encompassed all adult ED patients in 2022. The survey covered demographic information, self-reported understanding and attitudes towards urinary catheters, including clinical scenarios, to evaluate the knowledge of appropriate indications for IUC insertion. The data analysis was performed using NCSS software and involved t-tests or one-way analysis of variance to explore associations between sample characteristics and knowledge scores. The significance level for all analyses was set at P &lt; 0.05. Results: A total of 96 of the 198 ED staff members participated in the survey. The confidence rate for knowledge of appropriate indications for IUC insertion was 100% among physicians and 97.8% among nurses. However, the results from the clinical scenarios in the survey showed that participants incorrectly answered in a range of 8%–75%. The mean scores of correct answers among consultants, residents and nurses were 65%, 67% and 66%, respectively. Conclusion: There is a considerable gap between ED healthcare providers’ subjective knowledge and attitudes and objective knowledge of appropriate IUC placement, which serves as a basis for an intervention to reduce the potential for inappropriate IUC insertion.

Evaluating AI Competence in Specialized Medicine: Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Neurologists in a Neurology Specialist Examination in Spain.

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields, evaluating its application in specialized medical contexts becomes crucial. ChatGPT, a large language model developed by OpenAI, has shown potential in diverse applications, including medicine. This study aims to compare the performance of ChatGPT with that of attending neurologists in a real neurology specialist examination conducted in the Valencian Community, Spain, assessing the AI's capabilities and limitations in medical knowledge. We conducted a comparative analysis using the 2022 neurology specialist examination results from 120 neurologists and responses generated by ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4. The examination consisted of 80 multiple-choice questions, with a focus on clinical neurology and health legislation. Questions were classified according to Bloom's Taxonomy. Statistical analysis of performance, including the κ coefficient for response consistency, was performed. Human participants exhibited a median score of 5.91 (IQR: 4.93-6.76), with 32 neurologists failing to pass. ChatGPT-3.5 ranked 116th out of 122, answering 54.5% of questions correctly (score 3.94). ChatGPT-4 showed marked improvement, ranking 17th with 81.8% of correct answers (score 7.57), surpassing several human specialists. No significant variations were observed in the performance on lower-order questions versus higher-order questions. Additionally, ChatGPT-4 demonstrated increased interrater reliability, as reflected by a higher κ coefficient of 0.73, compared to ChatGPT-3.5's coefficient of 0.69. This study underscores the evolving capabilities of AI in medical knowledge assessment, particularly in specialized fields. ChatGPT-4's performance, outperforming the median score of human participants in a rigorous neurology examination, represents a significant milestone in AI development, suggesting its potential as an effective tool in specialized medical education and assessment.

Efektivitas Dana Desa dalam Pembangunan Pertanian Pedesaan: Studi Kasus di Desa Donowarih Kecamatan Karangploso Malang

Donowarih Village is a village that has extensive agricultural land, so some of the people work in agriculture. With great potential in the agricultural sector, it will influence economic development in rural communities. The government provides funds that are managed by villages to improve village development, but the distribution of village funds for each sector is adjusted to the needs of that sector, including in the agricultural sector. This research aims to: (1) Identify the effectiveness of agricultural development, (2) Analyze the effectiveness of village fund management mechanisms (3) Identify perceptions of farmer groups in agricultural development. This research was used to obtain descriptive qualitative data. The methods used are observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The focus of the research is on the mechanism for managing village funds in agricultural development. This research was carried out in Donowarih Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency. Data analysis was carried out using validity and reliability tests on the questionnaire, then the effectiveness of the results of the questionnaire answers would be calculated using a score index. After analyzing the results of the research, the Donowarih Village Government has effectively implemented several programs to realize agricultural development, including the cultivation of goats and the Farming Road (JUT) construction program using village funds. The village fund management mechanism shows that in the planning process the answer score index is 78.75%, in the implementation process the answer score index is 81.5%, and in the accountability process the answer score index is 79% so that in each process conclusions can be drawn on village fund management has been effective. The farmer group's perception of the use of village funds in the agricultural sector for the development of facilities and infrastructure obtained an answer score index of 68.2% so that the respondent's perception was that they were effective in utilizing village funds in the agricultural sector.

The Effect of Tourist Attractions on the Progress of the Sipinsur Geosite Tourism Object in Pearung Tourism Village, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in 2024

This study aims to determine the positive and significant influence of tourist attractions (x) on the progress of tourist attractions (y) Geosite Sipinsur in Pearung Tourism Village, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in 2024. This research uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 96 respondents by accidential sampling. To determine the answer score on the questionnaire which will be tested for validity and reliability using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson Product Moment correlation, determination coefficient test and simple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of descriptive statistical analysis, the influence of tourist attractions on the progress of tourist attractions is in a good category, with an average of 4.5449 at the interval of the category very advanced. The test results of the correlation coefficient (r) = 0.586 with a sufficient category and compared with r table = 0.200, where r count&gt; r table (0.586&gt; 0.200) it can be said to be significant and the hypothesis is accepted.

Quality of Video Content Related to Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction: Social Media Platforms Versus Large Language Models.

The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is currently one of the main options in breast reconstruction. The information about this surgery is critical for the patient, in order to choose the breast reconstruction method. Our study aims to analyze and compare the quality and accuracy of the information related to the DIEP flap reconstruction method provided by social media platforms (SMPs) and the new large language models (LLMs). A total of 50 videos in English and Spanish were selected from the main SMPs (YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook) using the keywords "DIEP flap" and "colgajo DIEP." The duration, number of likes, dislikes, number of visits, upload date, author, and the video category (institutional video, media, patient experience, academic, and surgery) were analyzed. 3 specific questions were asked to 2 new LLMs (ChatGPT and Google Bard). The quality of information in SMPs and LLMs was analyzed and compared by 2 independent board-certified plastic surgeons using the Journal of American Medical Association and DISCERN scales. LLMs showed a statistically significant higher quality of information when compared with SMPs based on the DISCERN scores. The average DISCERN scores for answers given by ChatGPT and Google Bard were 54 ± 6.841 and 61.17 ± 6.306, respectively (good quality). In SMPs, the average scores were 2.31 ± 0.67 (insufficient quality) and 32.87 ± 9.62 (low quality) for the Journal of American Medical Association and DISCERN scales respectively. Thirty-eight percent of the videos in SMPs were performed by nonmedical authors. The quality of information for breast reconstruction using DIEP flaps from LLMs was considered good and significantly better than in SMPs. The information found in SMPs was insufficient and of low quality. Academic plastic surgeons have an opportunity to provide quality content on this type of reconstruction in LLM and SMPs.

Understanding the role of a general education course Oral Science in establishing oral health knowledge and behaviors among undergraduate students from different majors: a questionnaire-based study.

The general education course, Oral Science, has been offered by Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University for many years in order to improve students' knowledge of oral health. Information about the oral health knowledge, status, and behaviors among undergraduates who had taken Oral Science was collected to evaluate the impact of this course, and to provide a basis for further improvement of the course teaching quality. Undergraduates taking Oral Science as an elective course were selected as the research subjects. The research time is the second semester of the 2022 academic year, from February 2023 to June 2023. Undergraduates who had not taken the course served as the control group. To investigate the oral health knowledge, status, and behaviors among undergraduate students who have taken the general education course of Oral Science, course students and non-course students were asked to fill out the same questionnaire at both the beginning and end of semester. The answer scores and accuracy of these two groups were compared and analyzed. Before and after the first lesson, and at the end of the semester, course students were asked to fill out the same oral knowledge questionnaire. Another questionnaire was released in week 10 to collect the data of the course students' oral health status and behaviors. The control group completed the same oral knowledge questionnaire at the beginning and end of the semester, respectively. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance level was set at 0.05 for all tests. At the beginning of the semester, there was no significant difference in the accuracy of the 16 questions nor the scores between two groups (P > 0.05). After one semester of learning, the accuracy of the 16 questions answered by the course students at the end of the semester was significantly higher (P < 0.05), as well as the score of the course students. The general education course of Oral Science can significantly improve undergraduates' general knowledge of dentistry and effectively improve their oral hygiene behavior.

Can A Swallow Screen Score Be Used To Prioritise Dysphagia Assessments By A Speech And Language Therapist?

Abstract Background Dysphagia refers to any difficulty or discomfort associated with eating or swallowing. The prevalence is 10-50% in older persons and is associated with increased dependency and mortality. A non-validated Swallow Screen (SwSc) is used by a Community Specialist Team (CST) for older persons during Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) to identify patients requiring Speech and Language Therapy (SLT) referral. The SwSc comprises 7 questions with “yes” or “no” answers. “Yes” answers score 1 point and “no” score 0. The SwSc score is the sum of these points. Higher scores indicate the presence of more symptoms of dysphagia. Patients with a SwSc score ≥1 are referred to an SLT. This study aimed to investigate if a higher SwSc score might indicate more severe dysphagia requiring more urgent assessment by an SLT. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients ≥64 years referred to SLT by a CST from June 2023 to April 2024 inclusive. The SLT assessment included a Dysphagia Outcome Severity Scale (DOSS) score. The DOSS score ranges from 1-7, a lower score indicating a more severe dysphagia. Data was entered onto an Excel database and analysed. Biographical and CGA data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The SwSc and DOSS scores were ranked and compared using Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. Results Thirty-nine patients attended an SLT assessment. The mean age was 78, (SD=8.04). The mean Clinical Frailty Score 5 (SD=1.16) and mean modified Barthel Index score 16 (SD=3.75). There was a negative correlation between the SwSc and DOSS scores, r (37) = -.438, p=.005. Higher SwSc scores were associated with lower DOSS scores, indicating more severe dysphagia. Conclusion The SwSc can be easily administered by non-SLT clinicians. It may be used by an SLT to aid prioritisation of patients for assessment. Further research with a larger sample is required to establish its validity.

Polish medical students’ awareness about reproductive physiology

Introduction: Falling fertility rates and prevalence of infertility become serious problems of public health that affect families all over the world. Both men and women are delaying parenthood for several reasons, such as undertaking further education, pursuing careers, travelling, finding a partner later in life and facing the challenges of establishing secure finances and housing. Unfortunately their fertility declines with age and this awareness may influence the prioritization of life plans. Medical students are specially dedicated to promote health literacy in their future practice as well as in they private life. Aim of the study and methodology: Aim of this study was to examine polish medical students’ awareness about the basic reproductive physiology. It was based on on-line authors’ own questionnaire among 445 female and 97 male medical students of a mean age 22.3 years from 13 polish medical universities. Results It showed that awareness of basic fertility physiology is on relatively high level what can be promising. Students who plan to start a family in the future have the highest overall mean score of correct answers (83%). Statistically lower levels of knowledge about fertility is presented by the students that have no decision about the future family or do not want to raise a family (80% and 72% respectively). The results seem to be similar irrespective of the participants’ gender, year of study, sexual activity and potential pregnancy prevention method. Conclusions It is still essential to introduce modern knowledge about fertility care and prophylaxis issue among future medical staff, so that they will properly take care of their health and educate their patients.

Learning to Score: A Coding System for Constructed Response Items via Interactive Clustering

Constructed response items that require the student to give more detailed and elaborate responses are widely applied in large-scale assessments. However, the hand-craft scoring with a rubric for massive responses is labor-intensive and impractical due to rater subjectivity and answer variability. The automatic response coding method, such as the automatic scoring of short answers, has become a critical component of the learning and assessment system. In this paper, we propose an interactive coding system called ASSIST to efficiently score student responses with expert knowledge and then generate an automatic score classifier. First, the ungraded responses are clustered to generate specific codes, representative responses, and indicator words. The constraint set based on feedback from experts is taken as training data in metric learning to compensate for machine bias. Meanwhile, the classifier from responses to code is trained according to the clustering results. Second, the experts review each coded cluster with the representative responses and indicator words to score a rating. The coded cluster and score pairs will be validated to ensure inter-rater reliability. Finally, the classifier is available for scoring a new response with out-of-distribution detection, which is based on the similarity between response representation and class proxy, i.e., the weight of class in the last linear layer of the classifier. The originality of the system developed stems from the interactive response clustering procedure, which involves expert feedback and an adaptive automatic classifier that can identify new response classes. The proposed system is evaluated on our real-world assessment dataset. The results of the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in saving human effort and improving scoring performance. The average improvements in clustering quality and scoring accuracy are 14.48% and 18.94%, respectively. Additionally, we reported the inter-rater reliability, out-of-distribution rate, and cluster statistics, before and after interaction.

Evaluation of the Nutritional Knowledge in Relation to Secondary Prevention Among Doctors and Nurses in the Northern of Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Morocco is a country that has been experiencing an epidemiological and health transition characterized by a change in lifestyle and an increase in mortality for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional knowledge in relation to secondary prevention of doctors and nurses working in the hospitaland primary healthcare centersin Morocco.Specific knowledge about nutrition for diabetes, for high blood pressure and high cholesterol, for functional colopathy, for iron deficiency anemia, for vitamin B12 deficiency, for overweight and for hyperuricemia or gout attack were evaluated. Cross-sectional exploratory study carried out between June and December 2022, using a self-administered questionnaire developed on the basis of similar studies and the several standardized nutrition guides. A random cluster survey included 238 nurses and 131 doctors working in health centers and 234 nurses and 54 doctors working in hospitals. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 21.0 software, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Mann Whitney test, and Spearmen's correlation. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the most significant sociodemographic variables. Among the seven nutritional content areas assessed in this study, we found that among doctors, the nutrition axis for high blood pressure and high cholesterol had the median correct response score of (0.57 interquartile range (IQR) (0.28, 0.71)). The same for nurse, but with the lower scores ((0.28 IQR (0, 0.43)) , (0.28 IQR (0.07, 0.42)) respectively). Our results do not reveal any statistically significant association of the median of total score of answers of both health professionals (nurses or of doctors) with their gender (p=0.383). However, they were significantly associated with basic training (p<0.001), continuous training (p=0.002), receiving information on nutrition (p=0.018), and their age (p=0.016). In conclusion, this study highlighted the major gaps in the nutritional knowledge of doctors and nurses regarding secondary prevention of NCDs. However, they should undergo continuing nutrition education programs to ensure safe and sound nutritional advice not only to patients but also to the public.Furthermore, policymakers should devote systematic efforts to nutrition education during basic training in medical and nursing schools, which will provide doctors and nurses with adequate training.

Twenty-Four Hour Live Chat Feature and Customer Satisfaction

Purpose –This paper wants to describe the e-service quality of customer support in handling crypto asset consumer problems using the 24-hour live chat feature, and an overview of customer satisfaction ratings at PT Akunku Dotcom Indonesia Methodology/approach –The survey was conducted on 100 Reku friend respondents who had interacted with customer support via the 24-hour live chat feature. The instrument used is a questionnaire with 4 Likert scales and customer satisfaction rating data. The assessment of e-service quality is presented in the form of an average answer score and the level of agreement between Reku friends. Findings –E-Service Quality through the 24 Hour Live Chat Feature on Reku received a positive response from Reku users with an agreement rate of almost 90%. Reku Indonesia's Customer Satisfaction Rating is dominated by the Good Rate category. Both the Good Rate and Bad Rate sections are mostly influenced by Customer Support services. Novelty/value –Customer support needs to provide a sense of security to customers of digital products such as crypto assets, through maximum e-service quality, so that this can have an impact on maximum customer satisfaction ratings too

Strengths and weaknesses of automated scoring of free-text student answers

Free-text tasks, where students need to write a short answer to a specific question, serve as a well-established method for assessing learner knowledge. To address the high cost of manually scoring these tasks, automated scoring models can be used. Such models come in various types, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Comparing these models helps in selecting the most suitable one for a given problem. Depending on the assessment context, this decision can be driven by ethical or legal considerations. When implemented successfully, a scoring model has the potential to substantially reduce costs and enhance the reliability of the scoring process. This article compares the different categories of scoring models across a set of crucial criteria that have immediate relevance to model employment in practice.