Practice Scores Research Articles

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward vitiligo among vitiligo patients: a mediation analysis

Knowing provoking factors of vitiligo progression and how to avoid them is essential to the successful self-management of vitiligo. Cultivating a positive attitude is also essential to avoid focusing on the negative aspects of the disease and to fuel proactive practice. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of vitiligo patients and identify related factors. The study recruited 517 (54.55% male) adult vitiligo patients in Beijing and Nanjing. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 5.45 ± 2.74 (possible range: 0–10), 23.15 ± 6.78 (possible range: 8–40), and 37.13 ± 6.78 (possible range: 10–50), respectively. Mediation analysis indicated that knowledge (β = 0.24, P = 0.023), attitude (β=-0.28, P < 0.001), disease duration (β=-1.49, P < 0.001), and negative emotions (β=-1.54, P = 0.008) had direct effects on practice. Income (β=-0.29, P = 0.003), disease duration (β = 0.16, P = 0.033), lesion duration (β = 0.25, P = 0.003), education (β = 0.11, P = 0.024), and age (β=-0.14, P = 0.036) had indirect effects on practice. Vitiligo patients exhibited significant gaps in knowledge and attitudes toward their condition despite active management practices. Given the chronic nature of vitiligo and its slow treatment response, tailored health education strategies focusing on improving knowledge and attitudes are essential for standardizing treatment and enhancing patient adherence.

Assessing the Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Elder Abuse With Caring Behaviours Assessment Among Nurses: An Exploratory Study.

This study aims to explore the relationship between nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding older adult abuse and their caring behaviours, focusing on Iranian nurses. A cross-sectional exploratory study. A cross-sectional correlational design included 250 nurses from medical education centres in Ardabil. A three-part questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding elder abuse and caregiving. Data were collected from August to October 2024 and analysed using ANOVA, t-tests, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analysis. The study's findings are significant, revealing a moderate level of knowledge among nurses about older adult abuse. There are significant positive correlations between knowledge, attitudes, and caring behaviours, with higher education levels associated with better caring behaviours. However, practice scores did not align with knowledge and attitudes, indicating barriers such as workload and lack of training. The findings reveal a significant link between nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward older adult abuse and their caring behaviours. Positive attitudes are associated with higher Caring Behaviours Assessment scores, suggesting that educational programs should enhance nurses' understanding and empathy toward older adult care. Addressing the identified gaps in knowledge and practice can lead to improved patient outcomes and a more compassionate healthcare environment for older adults. It is crucial to provide continuous training and support to empower nurses to apply their knowledge in practice effectively. The study highlights the necessity for regularly occurring targeted educational interventions to enhance nurses' understanding of older adult abuse. Implementing continuous professional development programs for nurses can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce instances of abuse. Healthcare organisations should foster supportive environments that encourage the regular reporting of suspected cases of abuse and ensure that nurses are consistently updated on best practices. Increasing community awareness about elder abuse is crucial for safeguarding vulnerable older adults. EQUATOR guidelines were followed using the STROBE reporting method. This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting. Only nurses were involved in data collection.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Thai Slaughterhouse Personnel Regarding Bovine Tuberculosis Surveillance: A Multi-Regional One Health Assessment

This cross-sectional study investigated knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding bovine tuberculosis surveillance and analyzed factors influencing KAP among Thai slaughterhouse personnel, utilizing a One Health approach. A validated questionnaire was administered to 208 participants across five geographical regions of Thailand. Statistical analysis revealed moderate mean scores for knowledge (5.28/10), attitudes (38.55/65), and practices (34.62/50). Significant differences were observed in knowledge scores across education levels (F = 3.427, p = 0.005) and job positions (F = 4.562, p = 0.011), with higher education and managerial positions being associated with better performance. Path analysis demonstrated positive correlations among KAP components (p &lt; 0.05), with the strongest correlation between attitudes and practices (r = 0.543). The most significant risk factors for poor practices were identified as lack of training (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.45–5.24, p = 0.002) and inadequate tuberculosis screening (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.18–4.52, p = 0.015). The Knowledge–Practice gap index of −31.14 indicated substantial discrepancy between knowledge and implementation. Developing targeted training programs is needed by focusing on knowledge enhancement and awareness-building, as well as fostering inter-agency collaboration in line with the One Health approach enhance the efficiency of bovine tuberculosis surveillance in Thailand.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Pop Up Book Pelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar

This research aims to produce Pop Up Book learning media for Mathematics learning that is valid, practical and effective/has potential effects. The model used in the research is the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The results of data analysis show that the Pop Up Book developed is in the "very valid" category based on the expert validation questionnaire sheet, namely language experts, material experts, media experts with an average validity value of 86.2%, Pop Up Book. The book developed is included in the "very practical" category based on the One to One and Small Group trial questionnaire sheets with an average practicality score of 85.7% and the Pop Up Book developed in the "Very Effective" category based on the total number of students' completeness scores with an average score effectiveness of 93.1%. Based on the results of validation, trials and student completion scores, it can be concluded that this Pop Up Book product is suitable for use as a learning medium for Mathematics learning in elementary schools.

Impact of health education on knowledge retention among caregivers of hypertensive patients: A prospective cross-sectional study in rural Malawi.

Hypertension is a widespread and life-threatening condition affecting one-third of adults globally. In low- and middle-income countries, like Malawi, the burden of hypertension is escalating due to inadequate healthcare resources and lifestyle changes. Family members often become primary caregivers, playing a crucial role in managing hypertension through support and adherence to treatment. This study examined caregivers' knowledge retention by evaluating their pre- and post-health education knowledge levels. This was a prospective cross-sectional study in Neno, Malawi, a rural setting. 422 caregivers were enrolled from the Integrated Chronic Care Clinic (IC3). A structured questionnaire was used to collect baseline, post-health education, and week six data. Using SPSS V 22.0, comparison of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) scores, correlation between KAP and between KAP and social demographic characteristics were done using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson correlation, and independent t-test respectively. Among the 422 caregivers who participated in the study, 267 (63.2%) were females and mean age was 44.94 years. The baseline mean knowledge level score was 9.5 (38.0%) and rose to 21.08 (84.3%) p = 0.000 immediate post-health education and a 2.1% decrease 20.54 (82.2%) p<0.001 at week six from the immediate post health education score. Attitude improved from 16.76 (93.1%) at baseline to 17.74 (98.6%) at the six-week mark. Similarly, the mean practice score rose from 25.24 (78.9%) at baseline to 27.42 (85.7%) at week six. There was a positive correlation between KAP while age had a negative correlation with knowledge (r = -0.146; p = 0.003). There was a significant difference between different education levels on knowledge retention p = 0.009. There was a positive and good knowledge retention among caregivers of hypertensive patients after health education at the week six mark. With improved knowledge and the ability to retain it resulting in improved attitude and practices, caregivers are a cornerstone for continued and improved hypertension care for the patients.

Assessment of healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward medical research in southwest Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMedical research plays a crucial role in advancing the treatment and prevention of diseases, in addition to enhancing public health.ObjectivesThis study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of healthcare providers (HCPs) in relation to medical research, identify motivating factors and barriers that prevent them from conducting research, and identify associated factors with good knowledge, practice and positive attitude.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a validated questionnaire was employed to gather data of HCPs who work at healthcare institutions affiliated with MOH. The Proportionate stratified random sampling method was used to recruit HCPS. Proportion (%), and median and interquartile range (IQR) were used to represent the data. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify associated factors with good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice.ResultsA total of 285 HCPs were included in the analysis. The median score for knowledge was 43%, with scores ranging from 14 to 57%, for most participants showing variability in their knowledge levels. For attitude, the median score was 100%, indicating a generally positive outlook, with scores between 80% and 100% for most participants. The practice score had a median of 59%, with scores ranging from 33 to 83%, showing a wide range in research activity among the HCPS. The most reported motivators were strength of the resume (91.80%) and fulfilment of work requirements (90.80%). The most reported barriers were lack of financial support (82.3%), poor time management (78.7%), no enough research facilities (75.2%), lack of motivation (74.8%), inadequate skills and knowledge (72.3%), and lack of rewards (71.6%). Good knowledge was significantly associated with taken research methodology course (p. value = 0.001) and qualification (p. values = < 0.05). Positive attitude was significantly associated with workplace and qualification. Nationality (p. value = 0.005) and taking a research methodology course (p. value = 0.001) were significantly associated with good practice.ConclusionAlthough HCPs showed a positive attitude towards medical research, their knowledge and practice were inadequate. They are necessarily needed for amelioration. This improvement can be achieved through effective and regular research methodology courses, workshops, and enhancement of the research environment.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Liver Fibrosis/Cirrhosis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment Among Medical Staff.

Liver fibrosis is a critical stage in the progression from liver injury to cirrhosis or tumor formation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown certain effectiveness in treating liver fibrosis. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) studies regarding this topic. This study aimed to assess medical staff's KAP toward liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and TCM treatment, and to explore the association between KAP scores and demographic factors. Demographic information and KAP scores were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 262 questionnaires were collected, with 155 (69.82%) females and a mean age of 32.83 ± 8.17 years. Mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 15.99 ± 4.58, 22.69 ± 4.11, and 23.09 ± 3.36, respectively. Working in a teaching hospital (OR = 3.562, 95% CI: 1.214-10.448) was independently associated with adequate knowledge. Knowledge score (OR = 1.104, 95% CI: 1.026-1.186) was independently linked to a positive attitude. Knowledge (OR = 1.263, 95% CI: 1.166-1.368) and attitude score (OR = 1.105, 95% CI 1.010-1.198) were independent predictors of proactive practice. Pathway analysis revealed that knowledge positively affected attitude (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.30, p < 0.001), and attitude directly influenced practice (β = 0.22, p < 0.001). Medical staff demonstrated adequate knowledge, a negative attitude, and proactive practices regarding liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and TCM treatment. Targeted educational programs, interdisciplinary training, and awareness campaigns should be implemented to improve attitudes and promote proactive patient care.

Nursing care practice post-cesarean delivery at Wad-Medani Maternity Hospital in Sudan: A descriptive exploratory study

Cesarean section delivery in modern obstetrics is considered standard care to make childbirth safer, and appropriate nursing care is essential for quick recovery. The present investigation sought to evaluate the standard of nursing care administered following cesarean deliveries for infants and mothers by hospital protocols and established care criteria. A descriptive exploratory study was undertaken at Wad-Medani maternity hospital, Wad-Medani City, Sudan, targeting the nursing practice at the cesarean section rooms after cesarean delivery to assess some parameters such as level of education, experience of service providers and to explore the nurse’s quality of care provided post-cesarean using structured questionnaire and observational checklist. The obtained data showed that most studied nurses (36 participants) followed the procedure guidelines in the selected aspects (73% for the care provided for the mother and 54% for the care provided for the newborn). The overall practice score was 66% with variable qualities (39% done good, and 27% done fair), while 34% were not done. Moreover, correct practice was found to be higher (100% done) with a high level of education and advanced years of experience. This research suggests that nurses exhibit a moderate level of practice quality, highlighting the necessity for further enhancements in their current practice.

Knowledge, practice, and information sources regarding infectious diseases among Chinese children and adolescents: a National-Level cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics and interrelationships between knowledge, preventive practice, and information sources of infectious diseases among Chinese children.MethodsThis study used data collected from the baseline survey of a China national multi-centered cluster-randomized controlled trial in 2013. A total of 30,287 children completed a questionnaire package that included measures for knowledge, preventive practice and information sources related to infectious diseases.ResultsThe mean scores of knowledge and prevention practices of infectious diseases were 2.35 and 12.16, respectively. Children received information about infectious diseases primarily through school, other individuals, and electronic media. Knowledge and practices among children differed significantly across gender, age, single-child, living with parents or not, residence(urban/rural), regions, parental age and parents’ education levels. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that higher levels of knowledge(b = 0.102), and receiving information through schools(b = 0.054), electronic media(b = 0.016), and paper media(b = 0.054) were significantly associated with better preventive practice.ConclusionsChildren’s knowledge and various sources of access to information significantly predicted the prevention practice score. It might add value to future interventions and policy-making in promoting preventive measures for infectious diseases.

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding screening and managing diabetic microvascular complications among general practitioners of community health centres: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

ObjectiveTo evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding screening and managing diabetic microvascular complications, encompassing diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic neuropathy (DN), among general practitioners...

P-615. Knowledge, attitudes and practice towards routine vaccination among medical students, Kazakhstan, 2023

Abstract Background In Kazakhstan, coverage for childhood immunizations has decreased in recent years. Healthcare workers have the ability to increase vaccine coverage if they are sufficiently trained and have correct knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to routine immunizations. To assess whether interventions are needed in pre-service medical training, we needed to understand current vaccine KAP in medical students.Table 1.Participant characteristics Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among senior medical students in 3 universities in Karaganda, Astana and Almaty, from March to May 2023. We used multivariable logistic regression to test association with adequate knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP); threshold for adequate scores for questions in each domain was 70%. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported.Figure 1.Factors associated with vaccine practice among medical students in Kazakhstan Results We interviewed 3,956 students: 1,716 (43%) in Astana, 1,313 (33%) in Almaty, and 927 (24%) in Karaganda. Of these, 74% were female, and 65% were 21-23 years old. Additionally, 89% were studying general medicine, 8% pediatrics, and 3% public health. Fewer than half (38%) reported having received training on vaccination. Adequate KAP scores were 11% for knowledge, 55% for attitudes, and 17% for practices. Most (74%) believed common myths about routine vaccinations, including 62% believing that the flu vaccine causes flu. Knowledge scores &amp;lt; 70% were associated with attitude scores &amp;lt; 70% (OR: 1.72; CI=1.37–2.17) and practice scores &amp;lt; 70% (OR: 1.66; CI=1.30–2.11). Attitude scores &amp;lt; 70% were associated with being male vs female (OR: 1.25; CI=1.07–1.47), living with anyone &amp;lt; 18 years old vs not (OR: 1.37; CI=1.08–1.73), and living in Astana vs Karaganda (OR: 1.69 CI=1.41–2.03). Practice scores &amp;lt; 70% were associated with living with anyone &amp;gt;65 years old vs not (OR: 1.32; CI=1.03–1.72), Islam religion vs no religion (OR: 2.03; CI=1.65–2.50) and having attitude score &amp;lt; 70% vs ≥70% (OR: 2.99; CI=2.45–3.66). Conclusion Our study revealed markedly low levels of correct KAP related to routine immunizations. These results demonstrate the need to increase training on vaccination among medical students, especially among pediatric and general medicine students who will be involved in immunizations. Trainings should address common myths about routine immunizations. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

638. Using NHSN Annual Self-Reported Dialysis Data to Understand Infection Prevention and Control Practices and their Association with Bloodstream Infections in Dialysis Facilities

Abstract Background Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at increased risk of bloodstream infection (BSI). Although BSI events are surveilled by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), studies correlating dialysis facilities’ self-reported infection control (IC) practices with BSI events are lacking.Figure 1.Seven Areas of Least Compliance by Facilities A total of 34 facilities were included. Best practices were selected based on adherence by less than 2/3 of dialysis centers. Methods We used 2022 NHSN Annual Outpatient Dialysis Center Practices Survey data for Nebraska facilities to identify 44 questions pertaining to IC practices. These questions were included into a scoring system and dichotomized to adherent (1) or non-adherent (0), leading up to a “best practice (BP) score” for each facility. Questions related to attending IC training initiatives were coded as yes (1) or no (0). Self-reported adherence to CDC Dialysis Safety Core Interventions (DSCI) were coded as following all (1) or some/none (0). We extracted BSI standardized infection ratios (SIR) from NHSN Dialysis Events Surveillance data. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate facility characteristics and scores. Multivariate regression, using a Poisson model, generated rate ratios (RR) to understand association of trainings/guidelines with BP scores and BSI SIR. Pearson correlation was used to assess association between BSI SIR and BP scores.Figure 2.BSI SIR and Overall Facility Performance Score Distributions Results A total of 34 facilities yielded a mean BP score of 36/44 (82%). The top 3 least reported BP strategies included: ointment application to HD catheter during dressing change (adhered by 2 of 34), medications drawn into syringes outside the patient room (adhered by 12 of 34), and patient education on showering with HD catheters (adhered by 15 of 34). Overall, facilities following all DSCI were associated with higher BP scores (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.16) and lower BSI SIR (RR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.83) compared to those who followed some or none. Similarly, facilities participating in infection prevention initiatives were associated with lower BSI SIR (RR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.96) compared to those who did not. An inverse association was found between BSI SIR and BP score (p=0.001). Conclusion Adherence to DSCI and participation in IC initiatives likely help HD facilities in preventing BSI events and need to be further explored. NHSN annual outpatient dialysis data provides important information about areas where further improvement is needed. Disclosures Muhammad Salman Ashraf, MBBS, Merck &amp; Co. Inc: Grant/Research Support

Vertical Memristive Crossbar Array for Multilayer Graph Embedding and Analysis.

Graph data structures effectively represent objects and their relationships, enabling the modeling of complex connections in various fields. Recent work demonstrate that metal at diagonal crossbar arrays (m-CBA) can effectively represent planar graphs. However, they are unsuitable for representing multilayer graphs having multiple relationships across different layers. Using conventional software, embedding multilayer graphs in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces introduces significant mathematical complexity and computational burden, often resulting in information loss. This study proposes a unique graph embedding (mapping) method utilizing a fabricated vertical m-CBA (vm-CBA), where a custom-built measurement system thoroughly validated its functionality. This structure directly maps multilayer graphs into a 3D vm-CBA, accurately representing inter-layer and intra-layer connections. The practical link prediction and information scores across various real-world datasets demonstrated that vm-CBA achieved enhanced accuracy compared to conventional embeddings, even with a significantly decreased number of operations.

DETERMINANTS OF HAND HYGIENE COMPLIANCE AND PRACTICE AMONG NURSES FROM WEST-COAST MALAYSIA

Introduction: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasizes hand hygiene as crucial for reducing infection transmission in healthcare, yet its importance is underrecognized, and compliance rates are low. Objective: The study was conducted to assess self-reported hand hygiene compliance and practice among nurses in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 388 nurses randomly selected in four Malaysian hospitals using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Measures were taken for convergent validity, concept, reliability, and content. The study used numerical data analysis to assess nurses’ self-reported hand-hygiene compliance and practices. Histograms were used to examine data normality, and post-hoc tests were conducted using the Games-Howell test after confirming the assumptions. Simple and multiple linear regression was used to identify associated factors with self-reported hand-hygiene compliance and practice. Results: The study found male nurses outperformed female nurses in terms of hand-hygiene practice and compliance scores, with the former having a nursing degree or diploma qualification. The hand-hygiene compliance score of male Indian nurses with degrees was the highest; however, Chinese nurses with degrees had a 12.36 times higher likelihood of scoring on the hand-hygiene practice scale. Conclusion: Male nurses with degrees and diplomas outperformed females in self-reported hand-hygiene compliance and practice scores, with both male and female Indian and Chinese nurses scoring higher than Malay and ‘other race’ nurses. A quality improvement project is needed to identify the root causes of hand hygiene compliance issues and identify areas for improvement.

Dermatologists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding omalizumab therapy for chronic urticaria

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dermatologists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning omalizumab therapy for chronic urticaria. We conducted a cross-sectional study in several hospitals in China, mainly in hospitals in Zhejiang Province, during August 1, 2024 - August 15, 2024 using a self-administered KAP questionnaire. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance were performed to compare differences across groups Factors influencing practice were determined through multivariable logistic regression. The study analyzed 354 valid questionnaires. Among the respondents, 248 (70.06%) were aged between 31 and 35 years, and 269 (75.99%) had 5–10 years of experience. The mean scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 5.71 ± 1.39 (possible range: 0–9), 21.39 ± 2.25 (possible range: 5–25), and 19.84 ± 2.53 (possible range: 5–25), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that a higher attitude score (OR = 1.929, 95% CI: [1.511–2.462], P < 0.001), being male (OR = 3.262, 95% CI: [1.507–7.059], P = 0.003), and awareness of omalizumab (OR = 4.966, 95% CI: [1.466–16.830], P = 0.010) were significantly associated with proactive practice. Dermatologists demonstrated insufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and proactive practices towards omalizumab therapy for chronic urticaria. Given the identified knowledge gap, there is a pressing need for targeted educational interventions to enhance dermatologists’ understanding of omalizumab therapy for chronic urticaria, aiming to improve patient care and outcomes in clinical practice.

Knowledge and Practices on Use of Medical Technological Devices Among Nurses in Specialized Hospital

Background: Nurses are more involve handling medical technological devices which is essential for cardiac treatment. There has been no published systematic review which has examined nurses’ Knowledge and practices on use of medical technological devices. To find out the level of Knowledge and practices on use of medical technological devices among nurses in specialized hospital. Methods: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2023 at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hospital (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pretested self-administered questionnaire with Knowledge score; out of 30 questions and practice score; out of 24 questions and observational checklist also used. Score value awarded for wrong answer (0) and correct answer (1). A total of 230 nurses who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected from different unit of hospital by using simple random sampling techniques. Result: The mean(±SD) age of the respondents was 35.45(±8.27) years. Among 230 respondents around one fifth of respondents had training and majority nurses did not receive any kind of training, consequently it was found that around one fourth of the respondents had low practice level and around one fifth nurses had extremely low knowledge. About one third nurses were used cleaners containing acetone to clean cardiac monitor. All over two third of respondents was correct practice on “Low Battery" warning of a defibrillator. The statistically significant associations were observed between both the duration of working experience in NICVD and the practice level (p= 0.017) Knowledge level (p &lt; 0.0001) as well as the professional education and their practice level (p &lt; 0.0001). A statistically significant correlations were found between knowledge and practice (r =.461**, p &lt; 0.0001). Mann- Whitney U Test indicate that training influenced on knowledge and practice (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: Nurses need adequate training on medical technological devices that will enhance their practical skills. JOPSOM 2023; 42(2): 12-17

Knowledge, attitude and practice towards multiple myeloma among medical staff in Enshi Region

A study in the Enshi Region between Sept-Nov 2023 assessed medical staff’s knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding multiple myeloma. The disease significantly impacts physical health, quality of life, and mental well-being. Medical professionals play crucial roles in its prevention and treatment. Analysis used Pearson’s correlation, logistic regression, and structural equation model (SEM). A total of 229 valid questionnaires were collected, with 68.6% of female participants, and 42.4% aged 31–40 years. The knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 36.27 ± 4.97 (range: 25–53), 42.40 ± 5.78 (range: 30–56), and 29.71 ± 6.41 (range: 7–35), respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed significantly positive correlation between knowledge and attitude. Moreover, in both univariate and multivariate analysis, knowledge showed positive association with attitude. Several demographic factors independently associated with KAP scores were identified, including education level, age, occupation type, and frequency of academic conferences or medical education activities per year. SEM further indicated direct association between attitude and practice (β = 0.320, 95%CI: 0.189–0.452, P < 0.001). In the Enshi Region, medical staff displayed moderate knowledge, neutral attitudes, and proactive practices towards multiple myeloma. Moreover, significant positive association was found between knowledge and attitude. These discoveries provided valuable perspectives to the development of healthcare interventions and educational initiatives for improving medical staff’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Development of Ethnoscience-Based E-Modules on Arabica Java Ijen-Raung Coffee Plant to Improve Learning Outcomes of Grade IV Elementary Students

Indonesia is a country that has a rich culture and abundant natural resources. In the globalization era, local cultures are significantly fading due to the incoming influence of foreign cultures. Education is a tool to bridge knowledge and values embedded in a place to the community. Ethnoscience is an approach that connects local culture and scientific knowledge. This study uses an ethnoscience approach to preserve knowledge derived from natural potential in Indonesia. Integrating ethnoscience concepts in learning helps students improve their learning outcomes and master 21st-century skills that are relevant today. This study aims to develop an ethnoscience-based e-module on the arabica java ijen-raung coffee plant. This module highlights the unique methods of planting Arabica coffee in the Ijen highlands. This study examines the validity, effectiveness, and practicality of using an ethnoscience-based e-module on the arabica java ijen-raung coffee plant to improve learning outcomes of grade IV elementary students. This quantitative development research uses the ADDIE model, which contains analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation processes. The result of this research shows a 93% validity score. Effectivity score using N-Gain methods earns 79,2822 included in the effective category. Practicality score earns 94% including in excellent category. Based on this result. It can be concluded that the ethnoscience-based e-module on the arabica java ijen-raung coffee plant is valid, effective, and practical to improve student learning outcomes for grade IV elementary school students

Preoperative risk assessment scores for Difficult Laparoscopic cholecystectomy-do we need them in Pakistan?

In recent literature, a Spanish study defines ‘difficult’ laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) as the presence of at least one of the following conditions in an intraoperative setting: bile duct injury, Mirizzi syndrome, Calot triangle inflammation, conversion to laparotomy, and pericholecystic abscess.1 The standardisation of a criteria is important to provide scores that could predict difficulty preoperatively and have lasting implications on surgical safety and postoperative patient recovery. The 2020 World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for the management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy recommend a thorough preoperative work-up to detect at-risk patients, signifying the need for a preoperative assessment scale.2 Clinically, there are numerous predictive assessment scores in practice globally, each specific to a certain demographic, unique in limitations and employing diverse clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters. Currently, use of predictive assessment scores for DLC is not a common practice in Pakistan, however, studies have determined advanced age, obesity, previous abdominal surgery, deranged alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and multiple stones, as potential risk factors in our population. A value of C reactive protein(CRP) greater than 11 mg/dl was identified as having good sensitivity and specificity for predicting DLC in Pakistan.3 Concurrently, male gender was concluded to be an independent risk factor for DLC (P = 0.041) on account of more adhesions and inflammation.4 This data offers unique insight into our population, and can become grounds for establishing a novel standard predictive score for clinical use in Pakistan. A score by Randhawa et al could be our foundation due to similar demographics and identified potential risk factors of our population could be incorporated in a new scoring method.5 In a developing country like Pakistan, a standard score for this relatively common surgical procedure could prove pivotal in resource management. Better selection of out-patient procedures and targeted surgical planning can save money, manpower and equipment. This approach will allow better preoperative counselling regarding prognosis and aid in undertaking informed consent. Identification and hands-on training of low risk procedures could be pivotal for our residency training programs. Further randomised prospective studies with large sample size are required to determine an efficient scoring system for the Pakistani population. However, any study which attempts to do so should keep in mind the limited resources in various hospitals across pakistan. A generalised scale that relies more on clinical parameters and accessible lab markers and less on expensive radiology and high expertise should be preferred.

Questionnaire and analysis of the standardized use of home self-monitoring portable blood glucose meters.

To evaluate the accuracy of home self-monitoring portable blood glucose meters, we analyzed the current problems of patients using portable blood glucose meters and put forward reasonable suggestions. A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 142 patients and 132 healthcare professionals. The questionnaire consisted of 16 items with an overall score ranging from 1 to 13 (with a higher score indicating better experience). The study included adult patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2. The patients' awareness rate for standardized use of portable blood glucose meters at home was at 31.42%. Specifically, awareness of blood collection specifications was at 15.85%, standardized operation at 42.53%, and accuracy of results at 0%. A significant majority (81.69%) scored between 0 and 5 points in home blood glucose meter use, with knowledge and practice scores consistently below 3 points. Notably, no patients conducted a formal comparison of various meters. Despite this, their confidence level in the portable blood glucose meter results was as high as 71.1%. Urgent measures are needed to educate patients on proper usage and encourage regular instrument comparisons.