Score Research Articles

An evaluation of parameters which affect dairy herd movement on Irish pasture-based farms

AbstractIn pasture-based grazing systems, farm roadways are a pivotal link to connect paddocks on the grazing platform to the milking parlour. However, their effectiveness in the efficient movement of the dairy herd between the grazing paddocks and the milking parlour has yet to be fully quantified. A validation experiment was conducted on a research farm to analyse characteristics on farm roadways that may affect cow throughput, which was observed as the number of cows per minute (CPM) passing a specified location. Roadway width (R2 = 0.96) and surface condition score (SC) (R2 = 0.78, respectively) were both positively associated with CPM. Public road crossings imposed a 32.7% reduction in CPM in this study. CPM increased from 12.4 CPM on a one-metre-wide roadway with a SC of Index 1 to 107.6 CPM on a five-metre roadway with a SC of Index 5. This exercise allowed for CPM on commercial farms to be predicted. Farm roadways were examined across 55 Irish dairy farms. Greater roadway width, reduced verge width and greater water run-off were each associated with higher SC on commercial farms. Larger herd sizes had a lower CPM relative to herd size in contrast to smaller herd sizes, resulting in a significantly longer total time to move the dairy herd through any specific point on the farm roadway network. The findings from this study have quantified the parameters which affect both CPM on commercial farm roadways and parameters which may be associated with SC on commercial farm roadways.

Evaluation of Earth System Models outputs over the continental Portuguese coast: A historical comparison between CMIP5 and CMIP6

In the last decades, climate change has been accelerating, affecting, directly and indirectly, the environment, animal habitats, and daily human life. Earth System Models (ESMs) are valuable tools for studying these impacts, and their performance over coastal regions is critical for understanding how physical and biogeochemical processes are evolving through time and how they may change in the future. The continental Portuguese coast, characterized by an important upwelling system, hosts highly productive and nutrient-rich regions with a large diversity of transitional habitats and systems. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate and score the ESMs from the 5th and 6th phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project that better reproduce, simultaneously, physical and biogeochemical ocean properties along the continental Portuguese coast. The analysis was carried out through the computation of a score (SR) between CMIP historical outputs and data from the Iberian-Biscay-Ireland ocean reanalysis system at four selected locations along the coast, considering two physical and four biochemical variables. Results reveal that ESMs perform better for the physical properties than for the biochemical ones, as well as lower differences and variance between CMIP6 models, reflecting an improvement from CMIP5. The Max Planck Institute (MPI) models obtained the best overall classification by delivering a consistently good performance for all variables.

The value of 3D quantitative scoring of endolymphatic hydrops in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Ménière's disease.

We aimed to explore the application of three-dimensional (3D) quantitative scoring of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) based on gadolinium-contrast MRI in both the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Ménière's disease (MD). Local threshold method based on signal intensities was used to quantitatively measure volumes, and the degree of EH was scored by 3D quantitative scoring. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the diagnostic efficacy of this method against conventional evaluation methods. The scores of MD, sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), delayed endolymphatic hydrops (DEH), and vestibular migraine (VM) group were compared and correlated with clinical examination results, including pure tone audiometry (PTA), electrocochleogram, and caloric test. The sensitivity and specificity of 3D quantitative scoring were 94.1% and 92.2%, while conventional evaluation methods were 84.3% and 88.2%, respectively. Cochlear score (CR), vestibular score (VR), semicircular canal score (SR), and total scores (TR) in MD group were significantly higher than those in SSNHL group. The rate of diagnosis of MD was significantly higher in the MD group (92.2%) than VM group (27.3%). In MD, PTA was significantly correlated with CR and SR, the ratio of summating potential to action potential (-SP/AP) of electrocochleogram was significantly correlated with CR, VR, and SR, also canal paresis (CP) value of caloric test was significantly correlated with SR. 3D quantitative scoring demonstrated better diagnostic efficacy than conventional evaluation methods for Ménière's disease, and it may be an effective clinical tool to distinguish MD from SSNHL and VM. The clinical practicality of inner ear-enhanced MRI was further confirmed. IV.

POS0839 RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL TO EVALUATE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SC ABATACEPT IN ADULTS WITH ACTIVE IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY

BackgroundLimited therapies are available for patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), a heterogenous group of chronic, systemic, autoimmune inflammatory diseases characterized by progressive muscle weakness and/or distinct skin rashes.1 Abatacept, a selective co-stimulation modulator, may be a useful treatment option.2ObjectivesTo evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of abatacept + standard of care (SOC) in patients with IIM compared with SOC alone (placebo).MethodsA 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of SC abatacept (125 mg weekly) + SOC (corticosteroids and immunosuppressants alone or combined; NCT02971683) in patients with active, treatment-refractory IIM (Manual Muscle Testing-8 [MMT-8] ≤ 135) was performed. Primary endpoint was proportion of patients meeting International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies definition of improvement (IMACS DOI) at week 24. Change from baseline in myositis Functional Index-2 (FI-2), HAQ-DI, Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Tool (MDAAT), and Myositis Response Criteria (MRC) were secondary endpoints with safety. Post hoc analyses by disease subtype were performed.ResultsOverall, 148 patients were randomized (75 abatacept; 73 placebo); IIM subtypes were dermatomyositis (DM; 53.3% vs 57.5%), polymyositis (PM; 25.3% vs 34.2%), and autoimmune necrotizing myopathy (ANM; 21.3% vs 8.2%). Mean baseline MMT-8 and HAQ-DI scores were 112.7 and 1.5, respectively. Approximately 90% of patients completed week 24. Week 24 IMACS DOI rates were abatacept 56.0% vs placebo 42.5% (adjusted odds ratio, 1.8 [95% CI, 0.9–3.5]; P = 0.083). Pre-specified IMACS DOI analysis showed no differences for patients with DM but notable benefit for those with non-DM subtypes, PM and ANM (Table 1). Secondary endpoints showed similar differences (Table 1). MRC at day 169 by category is shown in Figure 1. Proportion of AEs (69.3% and 75.3%) and serious AEs (5.3% and 5.5%) were similar in the abatacept and placebo arms.Table 1.Primary and secondary (mean change from baseline at week 24) endpointsOutcomeIIMAbataceptPlaceboNominal P value (abatacept vs placebo) or adjusted mean difference from placebo (95% CI)IMACS DOI,a n/N (%)All42/75 (56.0)31/73 (42.5)P = 0.083DM22/40 (55.0)21/42 (50.0)P = 0.679Non-DM20/35 (57.1)10/31 (32.3)P = 0.040FI-2All4.1 (1.3)1.2 (1.4)2.9 (0 to 5.8)DM2.3 (1.6)0.3 (1.4)1.9 (−2.3 to 6.2)Non-DM3.2 (1.4)−0.6 (1.5)3.7 (−0.3 to 7.8)HAQ-DIAll−0.31 (0.07)0.20 (0.07)−0.12 (−0.28 to 0.04)DM−0.31 (0.08)−0.19 (0.07)−0.11 (−0.32 to 0.10)Non-DM−0.25 (0.09)−0.07 (0.09)−0.18 (−0.44 to 0.07)MDAAT, Extramuscular Global Activity, (95% CI)bAll−1.56 (−1.96 to −1.16)−1.40 (−1.81 to −0.99)−0.16 (−0.63 to 0.30)DM−1.90 (−2.43 to −1.37)−1.85 (−2.35 to 1.36)−0.05 (−0.77 to 0.68)Non-DM−1.09 (−1.46 to −0.72)−0.85 (−1.27 to −0.43)−0.24 (−0.80 to 0.32)MMT-8All12.9 (1.9)11.0 (2.0)1.8 (−2.7 to 6.4)DM14.4 (2.2)14.0 (2.2)0.4 (−5.7 to 6.4)Non-DM12.1 (2.5)7.8 (2.7)4.3 (−3.0 to 11.7)Physician Global AssessmentbAll−2.89 (0.30)−2.69 (0.30)−0.20 (−0.92 to 0.52)DM−2.78 (0.29)−2.43 (0.28)−0.35 (−1.15 to 0.46)Non-DM−2.35 (0.43)−2.21 (0.48)−0.14 (−1.43 to 1.15)Patient Global AssessmentbAll−1.4 (0.31)−0.98 (0.32)−0.38 (−1.11 to 0.35)DM−1.4 (0.33)−1.4 (0.31)−0.00 (−0.91 to 0.90)Non-DM−1.2 (0.41)−0.3 (0.44)−0.93 (−2.14 to 0.29)Data are adjusted mean change from baseline score (SE) unless stated.aDefined as improvement of ≥ 20% in 3 IMACS core measures, worsening by ≥ 25% in ≤ 2 IMACS core measure scores, and a reduction of < 25% in MMT-8; b100 mm visual analog scale.ConclusionIn this double-blind trial of SC abatacept vs placebo, abatacept failed to meet primary or secondary endpoints. Post hoc analyses suggest a treatment benefit in patients with PM and ANM (not DM) when treated with abatacept. Abatacept use was well tolerated.

Analysis of Efficiency Level of SRB West Java Region for the period of 2018-2020

This study aims to measure the efficiency level of Islamic Rural Bank (BPRS) using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The research is a quantitative study using secondary data. The population in this study are all BPRS in the West Java region registered with the financial services Authority as of December 2018 as many as 27. And the sample used in this study was 12. This study used an intermediation approach with orientation input and using BBC/VRS measurements. The result of this study is 1 BPRS that achieve perfect efficiency levels achieve perfect efficiency levels in constant positions base on Score (SE).

Stitches of Ecological Destiny in John Millington Synge’s Riders to the Sea

“It’s Michael, Cathleen, it’s Michael. […] It’s the second one of the third pair I knitted, and I put up three score stitches, and I dropped four of them” (87), 1 says Nora to her sister, in John M...

Functionalized nanoporous silicon for extraction of Sc from a leach solution

Production of scandium (Sc) is a complicated process largely because the Sc concentration in ores is typically low in comparison to other types of metals. Therefore, typical extraction processes, such as solvent extraction and precipitation, that are used for separation and purification of leach liquors are inefficient. Adsorption/desorption is a good alternative method for extraction, but it is challenging to prepare affordable adsorbents with high stability, good selectivity, and high adsorption capacity. Most Sc sources are currently unexploited, and new, efficient, and environmentally sustainable methods for Sc extraction are needed. In the present study, bisphosphonates (BPs) immobilized on the surface of nanoporous silicon were used as metal ion chelators. Thermal carbonization was used to passivate the porous silicon surfaces with silicon carbide, on which the BP molecules were grafted. The BP grafted thermally carbonized porous silicon (BP-TCPSi) was used to extract Sc from a leach solution of Sc ore obtained from Rautalampi, Finland. First, Sc was leached from the ore using sulfuric acid. An oxidative precipitation method was employed to reduce the concentrations of the interfering metal ions; this treatment decreased the Fe, Ti, Al, and Mn concentrations by 99 ± 2%, 100 ± 14%, 35 ± 1%, and 76 ± 2%, respectively, while only 12 ± 1% of Sc was lost. The selectivity of BP-TCPSi was studied in a flow-through setup to adsorb Sc from the treated leach solution; then, in a two-step desorption process, Sc was separated from the other metal ions with a separation factor of 440 ± 13. The reusability of BP-TCPSi was examined in a flow-through setup with 10 adsorption/desorption cycles using a treated leach solution showing good stability of the adsorbent. The developed method provides a fast and convenient way to extract, purify, and enrich Sc with total recovery of 69 ± 1% in one cycle of adsorption/desorption of Sc from the leach solution with a low Sc concentration and a relatively high concentration of the other metal ions.

Clinical and imaging variables associated to Microvascular Angina, a 13N-AMMONIA MPI Approach

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. On Behalf of MiniFellows Research Group CLINICAL AND IMAGING VARIABLES IN MICROVASCULAR ANGINA. A 13N-AMMONIA MPI APPROACH Background Patients with typical angina may have no obstructive artery disease1 and 2/3 may present microvascular dysfunction(MVD)2 which is associated with poor prognosis3,4,5. In 2017 the Coronary Vasomotion Disorders International Study Group (COVADIS) included it as a criteria of MVA6; later, included in MINOCA ESC 2020 guidelines.7 For diagnosis6,7: symptoms of ischemia; absence of relevant epicardial CAD (<50% diameter reduction or FFR >0.80); myocardial ischemia; impaired coronary microvascular function (CFR < 2 or <2.5 depending on methodology). Our aim was to identify clinical and imaging variables in patients with MVA due to 13N-ammonia Positron Emission Tomography/Cardiac Tomography(PET/CT) and Cardiac Computed Tomography Angiography(CCTA) in a cardiovascular imaging referral center. Methods.Retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients with suspected CAD. For inclusion: ischemia quantitation (summed stress score,SDS < 3) and obstruction <50% in all vessels. Exclusion criteria: previous infarction, intervention, or incomplete study. Clinical data was assessed. Both studies performed on the same day. Frequencies and percentages to report categorical variables; x2 and Fisher´s exact tests to compare them. Mean (+/-DE) or median (interquartile range) to report continuous variables according to their distribution, and T student or Wilcoxon test to compare them. Results 274 patients included: Group A (CFR <2) and group B (CFR 2)(108vs166). Difference for systemic hypertension(p <0.001), type 2 diabetes mellitus(p <0.001), dyslipidemia(p = 0.019), smoking(p <0.001). Group B presented higher incidence for mild ischemia(p = 0.004) while MVA for severe ischemia(p = 0.002). Difference between groups for EDV and ESV at rest (p = 0.002), EDV at stress(p = 0.03) and at rest(p < 0.001), LVEF at rest and stress(p < 0.001) and for a negative change of LVEF(p < 0.001). Also, reduced Calcium Score(SC)(p < 0.001) Discussion With a higher prevalence reported in women8,9, no difference for women in both groups. Presentation been reported as atypical 3,6,10, as in our study. Traditional risk factors may affect the microvascular circulation earlier in the disease. Regarding mild and severe ischemia, CFR´s may be lower in defect perfusion zones and presence of both ischemia and MVD has worse prognosis11 suggesting ischemia could had already developed in this group. LVEF drop supports the relation between CFR and ventricular function12. Finally, MVA group had a reduced CS, associated with CAD and worse prognosis, suggesting it also affects the microvasculature function. Conclusions 13N-ammonia PET/CT MPI with CCTA is a great combination to diagnose MVA, whose main component is microvascular dysfunction. Recognizing the risk factors associated with this pathology allows making opportune detections, implementing early treatment strategies, controlling symptoms and avoiding the disease"s evolution

The New FA₂ST Stroke Screening Score: An Expanding Recognition to Posterior Circulation Stroke

Background: Rapid screening and intervention are the keys to successful early treatment of stroke. Generally, the conventional FAST stroke screening score has been used by triage nurses to promptly detect acute stroke. However, the conventional FAST score has a limitation in detecting posterior circulation stroke, which results in high mortality rates. Previous studies have shown that adding ataxia could increase the sensitivity of posterior circulation stroke detection. Objective: To introduce and evaluate the diagnostic performance of a new stroke screening score, FA₂ST score, by adding ataxia to the conventional FAST score. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. The new FA₂ST and conventional FAST scores were used by triage nurses in patients presented with acute neurological symptoms within seven days at the emergency department of three different types of hospitals in Thailand. Patients with Glasgow Coma Score less than 9 and those having unstable vital signs were excluded. Final diagnosis was made by a neurologist using clinical and neuroimaging information. The diagnostic performance of the new FA₂ST score was calculated using ROC curve in comparison to the conventional FAST score. The rate of posterior circulation stroke detection was calculated as percentage. Results: One hundred forty-six patients were studied. Of these, 127 (86%) had acute ischemic stroke and 19 (14%) had other diagnoses. The overall diagnostic performance of the new FA₂ST score was not statistically different with conventional FAST score in terms of area under the curve (0.642 versus 0.684, p=0.221). However, after in-depth analysis, the rate of posterior circulation stroke detection of the new FA₂ST score was higher compared with the conventional FAST score (94.12% versus 82.35%). Conclusion: The present study introduces the new FA₂ST stroke screening score and emphasizes the importance of posterior circulation stroke detection in acute stroke screening. Future studies should be considered before implementation of this score. Keywords: Screening score; Acute stroke treatment; Stroke; Emergency neurology

Clinical Prediction Score for Diagnosing Non-Diabetic Renal Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: When non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD) is suspected, biopsy proven is used for definite diagnosis. However, there are not always easily available and may lead to cause complications. A clinical prediction score may help selecting appropriate patients for kidney biopsy. Objective: To develop a clinical prediction score for distinguishing any type of NDKD (NDKD alone or coexisting NDKD and diabetic nephropathy [DN]) and DN alone. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with atypical features of DN, who had kidney biopsy at Thammasat University Hospital between 2011 and 2019. The present study divided patients into NDKD alone, coexisting NDKD and DN, and DN alone, confirmed by pathological diagnoses. The authors developed a clinical prediction score by weighing coefficients of predictors in a multivariable logistic model. Internal validation was performed with bootstrapping. Results: The present study included 81 patients of which 28 (34%) had NDKD alone, 15 (18%) had coexisting NDKD and DN, and 38 (41%) had DN alone. Primary membranous nephropathy, primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and secondary FSGS were prevalent in any NDKD. Absence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) showed a significant association with any NDKD (adjusted OR 3.72; 95% CI 1.28 to 10.8; p=0.02). The prediction score, AUROC of 0.75 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.86), had four predictors, duration of DM of less than 10 years, eGFR of more than 30 mL/minute/1.73 m², HbA1c of less than 8%, and absence of DR. Higher scores were associated with higher probability of NDKD. Conclusion: The present study clinical prediction score appears to be a useful tool to determine NDKD probability. T2DM patients with atypical presentation of DN with lower scores (0 to 2) may defer kidney biopsy. Keywords: Non-diabetic kidney disease; clinical prediction score; kidney biopsy; type 2 diabetes mellitus

Knowledge, attitudes and practices during the second wave of COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study from various perspectives.

Aim To investigate knowledge, attitudes and practice towards COVID-19 among selected population. Methods An anonymous online questionnaire based on a Chinese study was distributed via online social media platforms among general population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Germany, India, Kosovo and Romania. Results In total 1032 subjects, predominately females, 615 (59.6%) with a mean age of 31.23±12.94 years, single, 705 (68.3%), with high school degree or lower, 469 (45.4%), students, 528 (51.1%) and living in an urban environment, 824 (79.8%), have completed the survey. The median knowledge score was 10.0 (range 0-12). Being male (β: -0.437; p=0.003) and older (β: -0.028; p<0.001) were associated with lower knowledge scores, while being single (β: 1.026; p<0.001) and mental labour employee (β: 0.402; p=0.032) were associated with higher knowledge scores. The vast majority of subjects had not visited crowded places, 630 (61.0%) and wearing masks when they were going out, 928 (89.9%). Being female (OR=0.731; p=0.022), having higher knowledge scores (OR=0.929; p=0.017) and being a mental labour employee (OR=0.713; p=0.031) decreased the exposure to crowded places. High school or lower education level (OR=0.616; p=0.024) decreased the action of wearing a mask in public places, while higher knowledge scores (OR=1.112; p=0.013) increased it. Conclusion Our study suggests that residents of the selected regions have had good knowledge, pessimistic attitudes and relatively appropriate practices towards COVID-19 during the second wave of the outbreak.

Lung cancer classification using fuzzy c-means and fuzzy kernel c-means based on CT scan image

Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in the world. Cancer is a disease when abnormal cells grow out of control that can attack the body's organs side by side or spread to other organs. Lung cancer is a condition when malignant cells form in the lungs. To diagnose lung cancer can be done by taking x-ray images, CT scans, and lung tissue biopsy. In this modern era, technology is expected to help research in the field of health. Therefore, in this study feature extraction from CT images was used as data to classify lung cancer. We used CT scan image data from SPIE-AAPM Lung CT Challenge 2015. Fuzzy C-Means and Fuzzy Kernel C-Means were used to classify the lung nodule from the patient into benign or malignant. Fuzzy C-Means is a soft clustering method that uses Euclidean distance to calculate the cluster center and membership matrix. Whereas Fuzzy Kernel C-Means uses kernel distance to calculate it. In addition, the Support Vector Machine was used in another study to obtain 72% average AUC. Simulations were performed using different k-folds. The score showed Fuzzy Kernel C-Means had the highest accuracy of 74%, while Fuzzy C-Means obtained 73% accuracy.

THE EFFECT OF ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOM LEVEL ON SLEEP QUALITY IN THE ELDERLY WITH HEART FAILURE

Objective: To determine the effect of activities of daily living and depression symptom level on sleep quality in the elderly with heart failure. Methodology: In this descriptive study the sample consisted of 95 patients presented to the cardiology outpatient clinic of a university hospital due to heart failure and who met the inclusion criteria of the study. The research data wss collected using the Personal Information Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Katz Index-Activities of Daily Living and the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form. Results: It was found that the sleep quality of all patients who participated in the study was low (9.98 ± 2.74). The mean depression symptom level score of the patients was high (7.58 ± 3.58), and that sleep quality decreased as the depression symptom level score increased (p<0.05). There was no relationship between the total activities of daily living score and the total sleep quality score, and that the sleep quality of the dependent patients in the washing and transfer dimensions, which are the sub-dimensions of activities of daily living, were lower than that of the independent ones. Also, it was found that as the level of dependence increased in the daily living activities increased, the level of depression symptoms increased too. Conclusions: The study revealed that elderly patients with heart failure experienced significant sleep problems and that their sleep quality decreased as the depression symptom levels increased.

THE EFFECT OF JIGSAW INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY ON SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE RETENTION IN PHYSICS IN JOS, NIGERIA

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of jigsaw instructional strategy (JIS) on students’ knowledge retention towards physics, based on score levels and gender. The study was a quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test control group design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select two schools, from which two intact classes of senior secondary school two students in physics were involved in the study. A total of 84 students comprising the experimental and control groups (experimental group = 43; control group = 41) took part in the study. The instrument used for data collection was Physics Retention Test (PRT). The reliability of PRT was ensured using Kuder Richardson formula-21, with a reliability coefficient of 0.79. Four research questions raised in the study were answered using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses formulated were tested using t-test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings from the study showed that JIS improved students’ knowledge retention in physics irrespective of gender and score level. It was recommended that teachers should include the use of jigsaw instructional strategy for improving the teaching and learning of physics in Nigeria senior schools. Article visualizations:

Awareness and knowledge regarding rotavirus disease and vaccine among healthcare providers in tertiary care settings.

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to September 2018 to assess the level of awareness among healthcare workers regarding rotavirus infection and its vaccination in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The study site was conducted at tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Closed and open ended questionnaires were distributed via non-probability convenient sampling. The sample size was 257. Among the study participants, 247 (96.1%) of the participants had good level of awareness regarding rotavirus, whereas 212 (82.5%) had awareness regarding the vaccine. The mean awareness score was 16.16 ± 4.097 out of a maximum score of 22. Both male and female participants had almost equal awareness regarding the rotavirus infection (Males = 96, 93.2%, Females = 151, 98%) and vaccination (Males = 87, 84%, Females = 125, 81.1%). The mean awareness was directly related with the level of education of the participants, i.e. MBBS/FCPS/MCPS = 221(85.9%), MBBS = 209(81.5%), B.Sc. Nursing = 206(80%), and Basic Education = 220(85.7%) knew about the vaccine.

Elderly Glioma

Treatment of elderly glioma patients is a challenge in neurosurgery/neuro-oncology. The International Society of Geriatric Oncology(SIOG)recommends that elderly cancer patients undergo comprehensive geriatric assessment(CGA). The CGA score proved to be a significant predictor of mortality in this cohort, and it could be a useful treatment decision tool. Because of the rapid aging of Japan's population, clinical research focusing on elderly patients with cancer is urgently needed. The Japan Clinical Oncology Group(JCOG)has established a formal policy for research in geriatric cancers. Currently, the JCOG recommends that researchers perform CGA, including G8, to assess the tolerability of treatment for clinical trials in elderly cancer patients, including glioma. Under this policy, elderly cancer patients are categorized into three groups: fit, vulnerable, and frail. For "unfit" glioma/glioblastoma patients, physicians will need to conduct appropriately reduced treatment. Hypofractionated radiotherapy(40.05 Gy/15 fractions)has been an established treatment for elderly patients with glioblastoma. The concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide have reported to have a survival benefit for "fit" elderly patients. Subsequently, alternative hypofractionated radiotherapy, including 34 Gy/10 fractions and monotherapy with temozolomide against MGMT methylated glioblastomas, have been reported as non-inferior alternative treatments. Physicians also need to consider the adverse events associated with anticonvulsants.

Impact of Continuous Nursing Intervention on Quality of Life in Patients with Acute Leukemia

Objective: To assess impact of continuous nursing intervention on quality of life in patients with acute leukemia. Methods: the valid data was collected from 202 patients during July 2019 to February 2021. In the early stages of the study, participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. Control group participants received common nursing intervention during treatment. In another group, the participants who received additional continuous nursing intervention based on common nursing intervention were defined as the intervention group. The data included age, sex, education, marital status, duration of illness, number of treatments, quality of life assessments, and physical functioning status. Result: All results of characteristic were no significant difference between control group and intervention group. In addition, after carrying out nursing intervention, control group participants had better improvement in some indexes of quality-of-life, such as Physiological, Social/family, and Emotional. However, comparing with control group, function, leukemia specific module, and total score were significant difference in intervention group (p < 0.05). Also, we observed that intervention group participants had better physical functional status after carrying out nursing intervention, their physical functional status assessment was significant higher compare with control group participants. Conclusion: continuous nursing intervention can improve quality of life and physical function in patients with acute leukemia in long term. compared with common nursing intervention, continuous nursing intervention is more likely to improve patients by changing their behavior so that patients' quality of life and physical function are imperceptibly improved over the long term.

A logistic regression model for prediction of glioma grading based on radiomics.

Glioma is the most common intracranial primary tumor in central nervous system. Glioma grading possesses important guiding significance for the selection of clinical treatment and follow-up plan, and the assessment of prognosis. This study aims to explore the feasibility of logistic regression model based on radiomics to predict glioma grading. Retrospective analysis was performed on 146 glioma patients with confirmed pathological diagnosis from January, 2012 to December, 2018. A total of 41 radiomics features were extracted from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1WI+C) lesion by manual segmentation. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to select the most-predictive radiomics features for pathological grading and to calculate radiomics score (Rad-score) of each patient. A logistic regression model was built to explore the correlation between giloma grading and Rad-score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the model's predictive ability with area under the curve (AUC) for the evaluation index. Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to measure the model's predictive accuracy. A total of 5 imaging features selected by LASSO were used to establish a logistic regression model for predicting glioma grading. The model showed good discrimination with AUC value of 0.919. Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed no significant difference between the calibration curve and the ideal curve (P=0.808), indicating high predictive accuracy of the model. The logistic regression model using radiomics exhibits a relatively high accuracy for predicting glioma grading, which may serve as a complementary tool for preoperative prediction of giloma grading.

Penerapan Metode The Extended Promethee II (EXPROM II) Dalam Pemilihan Pengangkatan Karyawan Baru Terhadap Mahasiswa Magang

Apprenticeship students are students who work and study directly at one of the companies they occupy according to the major they take, students who have done an apprenticeship and do a very good job at one of the companies will usually be proposed to be employees of the company, many students and from various universities participating in a company with the same department and in the selection must be done in a fair manner based on appropriate criteria and not based on who has family relations in a company, therefore it is necessary to make a selection involving a system, namely a decision support system where this system uses the extended promethee II method, this method is used to accumulate every value that each student candidate has that is supported by the company to become an employee, the results of the application of this method are king with the highest score who is the best candidate

Analysis of Students’ Problems in Determining Adjective Clause of Report Text at Grade XI of SMAN 2 Kerinci Academic Years 2015/2016

One of them carries out important rule that is using adjective clauses especially who, which, when, and where. Based on the finding above, it can be seen that students who has understood what adjevtive clause is and how to find out in the report text. This research was aimed to find out students’ problems in determining adjective clause of report text at grade XI of SMAN 2 Kerinci Academic Years 2015/2016. And to find out the causes of students’ problems in determining adjective clause of report text at grade XI of SMAN 2 Kerinci Academic Years 2015/2016. The method of this research was descriptive reserach. The sample of this research was class XI IA1 of SMAN 2 Kerinci. There were 28 students. The data were collected by using grammar test for quantitative data and using interview for qualitative data. The result of this research showed that the students at XI IA1 of SMAN 2 Kerinci were very good in determining adjective clause of report text. It indicated the mean of students’ score. It was 71.5 The researcher found that most of the students were able to determine adjective clauses of report text and few of them didn’t understand how to use them. It can be concluded that the students problems in determining adjective clauses of report text were no gotten by all students. It was concluded that the students’ problems in determining adjective clauses of report text was good. It is caused the students did not understand what their teacher had taught about tenses especially adjective clauses, they felt bored to study grammar.