Body Mass Index Scores Research Articles

Outcomes of totally robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2: can the robot level out “traditional” risk factors?

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 50 kg/m2 is a challenging procedure and BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 has been identified as independent risk factor for postoperative complications and increased morbidity in previous studies. The objective of the present study was to assess whether a BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 and various established risk factors maintain their significance in patients undergoing fully robotic RYGB (rRYGB). A single-center analysis of prospectively collected data of 113 consecutive patients undergoing standardized rRYGB with robotic stapling technique and hand-sewn gastrojejunostomy using the daVinci Xi system. Surgical outcomes were analyzed considering a number of individual perioperative risk factors including BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2. The mean BMI of the total cohort was 50.6 ± 5.5 kg/m2 and 63.7% of patients had a BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2. There were no major surgical and perioperative complications in patients with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 as well as in those with BMI < 50 kg/m2 after rRYGB. We identified female sex and surgeon experience but neither body weight, BMI, metabolic disorders, ASA nor EOSS scores as independent factors for shorter operation times (OT) in multivariate analyses. Complication rates and length of hospital stay (LOS) did not significantly differ between patients with potential risk factors and those without. rRYGB is a safe procedure in both, patients with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 and with BMI < 50 kg/m2. Higher body weight and BMI did affect neither OT nor LOS. A fully robotic approach for RYGB might help to overcome “traditional” risk factors identified in conventional laparoscopic bariatric surgery. However, larger and prospective studies are necessary to confirm these results.

Metabolic phenotyping of BMI to characterize cardiometabolic risk: evidence from large population-based cohorts

Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, a substantial proportion of patients with these conditions have a seemingly normal body mass index (BMI). Conversely, not all obese individuals present with metabolic disorders giving rise to the concept of “metabolically healthy obese”. We use lipidomic-based models for BMI to calculate a metabolic BMI score (mBMI) as a measure of metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity. Using the difference between mBMI and BMI (mBMIΔ), we identify individuals with a similar BMI but differing in their metabolic health and disease risk profiles. Exercise and diet associate with mBMIΔ suggesting the ability to modify mBMI with lifestyle intervention. Our findings show that, the mBMI score captures information on metabolic dysregulation that is independent of the measured BMI and so provides an opportunity to assess metabolic health to identify “at risk” individuals for targeted intervention and monitoring.

Socio-demographic and behavioral correlates of excess weight and its health consequences among older adults in India: Evidence from a cross-sectional study, 2017-18.

Rapid population aging is expected to become one of the major demographic transitions in the twenty-first century due to the continued decline in fertility and rise in life expectancy. Such a rise in the aged population is associated with increasing non-communicable diseases. India has suffered from obesity epidemic, with morbid obesity affecting 5% of the population and continuing an upward trend in other developing countries. This study estimates the prevalence of excess weight among older adults in India, and examines the socio-demographic and behavioral factors and its health consequences. The study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1 (2017-18). A total sample of 25,952 older adults (≥ 60 years) was selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, bivariate Chi-Square test, and logistic regression models were applied to accomplish the study objectives. Body mass index (BMI) has been computed for the study according to the classification of the World Health Organization, and "excess weight" refers to a score of BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. Overall, 23% of older adults (≥ 60 years) were estimated with excess weight in India, which was higher among women irrespective of socioeconomic and health conditions. The higher levels of excess weight (than the national average of ≥22.7%) were observed among older adults in states like Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Manipur, Goa, Kerala, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Sikkim and some other states. After adjusting for selected covariates, the odds of excess weight were higher among females than males [OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.89, 2.60]. Similarly, the likelihood of excess weight was 2.18 times higher among older adults who were living in urban areas compared to their rural counterparts [OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.90, 2.49]. Higher level of education is significantly positively correlated with excess weight. Similarly, higher household wealth index was significantly positively correlated with excess weight [OR: 1.98, CI: 1.62, 2.41]. Having hypertension, diabetes and heart diseases were associated with excess weight among older adults. Regional variations were also observed in the prevalence of excess weight among older adults. The findings suggest that introducing measures that help to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases, and campaigns to encourage physical activity, and community awareness may help reduce the high burden of excess weight and obesity among older Indians. The findings are important for identifying the at-risk sub-populations and for the better functioning of any public health programme and suitable intervention techniques to lower the prevalence and risk factors for excess weight in later life.

Meme Kanseri Tanısı Almış Kadınlarda Beslenme Durumu, Yaşam Kalitesi ve Akdeniz Diyetine Bağlılığın Değerlendirilmesine İlişkin Bir Araştırma

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the quality of life and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) among female breast cancer patients.&#x0D; Material and Method: The study included a cohort of 120 women who received a breast cancer diagnosis within the last year. Anthropometric measurements were conducted, and body composition analysis was carried out to determine body fat percentage. The Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) were employed for data collection.&#x0D; Results: A total of 120 breast cancer patients, with an average age of 49.8±10.56 years, were enrolled in the study. Among these participants, 42.5% were categorized as having a normal weight. The mean waist circumference and waist/hip ratio were 94.6±12.20 cm and 0.87±0.10, respectively. Body fat percentages were determined to be 36.8±8.61%. The average total energy intake was 1944.9±385.24 kcal, with the percentage of total fat intake from energy averaging at 35.6±4.81%. Patients had a mean body mass index (BMI) of 29.0±5.80 kg/m², with 40.8% of them classified as obese. The mean MEDAS score was 7.3±2.65, and the EORTC QLQ-C30 score averaged at 69.7±11.94. There is a negative correlation was found between BMI, waist circumference and MEDAS score; A positive correlation was found between MEDAS scores and EORTC scores.&#x0D; Conclusion: Breast cancer patients with high compliance with the Mediterranean diet have a higher quality of physical, emotional and social life. Therefore, evaluation of modifiable risk factors in breast cancer patients is essential for the prognosis of the disease.

High risk of obstructive sleep apnea among hypertensive patients in two tertiary centers in Nigeria

Objectives: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is rising globally with its associated morbidity and mortality. Although OSA is associated with hypertension and is the leading cause of secondary and resistant hypertension, its presence is usually not actively sought during clinical evaluation of hypertensive patients resulting in a missed opportunity to treat the condition. This study assessed the prevalence of high risk of OSA and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among hypertensive patients. It also assessed the pattern of symptoms of OSA among the participants. Materials and Methods: We used a structured questionnaire to collect data from hypertensive patients aged 18 years and above, who were attending the outpatient clinics of two tertiary hospitals in Enugu state. Data collected include frequency of symptoms of OSA, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score, snoring, tiredness, observed apnea or choking, blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, and gender (STOPBANG) score, number of comorbidities present, and demography of participants. STOPBANG score of 5–8 classified participants as having high risk of OSA, and ESS &gt;10 as having excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS.). Results: Three hundred and twenty hypertensive patients were recruited (mean age: 56.0 ± 9.5 years; female: 58.8%). The prevalence of high-risk OSA was 13.8% and that of EDS was 6.3%. Snoring, nocturia, tiredness, and observed apnea were significantly present in 90.9%, 90.9%, 81.8%, and 22.7% of those with high risk of OSA (n = 44), respectively, compared with intermediate (60.6%, 91.5%, 53.2%, and 1.6%) and low risk (12.5%, 77.3%, 19.3%, and 1.1%) groups (P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.003, P &lt; 0.001, and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Gasping, (χ2 [2] = 8.4, P = 0.015); memory loss, (χ2 [2] = 6, P = 0.04); and sleep fragmentation, (χ2 [2] = 9.9, P = 0.007) also showed significant difference between high-, intermediate-, and low-risk OSA groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of the high risk of OSA among hypertensive patients presenting to our tertiary hospitals are modest. Snoring and nocturia are their most common symptoms. We recommend screening hypertensive patients for OSA to identify those at high risk, as they will likely benefit from sleep study and treatment if confirmed.

A follow-up and treatment model for pediatric eating disorders: examination of the clinical variables of a child and adolescent psychiatry eating disorder outpatient clinic.

Anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders are common in children and adolescents and are characterized by symptoms such as food restriction, efforts to lose weight, fear of gaining weight and impaired body image. Anorexia nervosa is a life-threatening psychiatric disorder and its management in the outpatient setting can be challenging for clinicians. The aim of this study was to introduce the subunit service model developed for the multidisciplinary diagnosis and management of eating disorders in the outpatient setting and to evaluate the clinical follow-up of patients. The medical records of 37 patients who were followed up by the eating disorders team at our clinic between 2018 and 2022 were reviewed. The study was designed as retrospective case study. A diagnosis was made according to DSM-5 and a treatment plan was developed for each case. Body mass index (BMI), Clinic Global Impression (CGI) scale scores, duration of follow-up, number of interviews and other scale scores (The Turgay Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale and the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire Scale) of 37 patients aged 12-17 years diagnosed with an eating disorder and followed up in our clinic were statistically compared. The Eating Disorder Follow-up Model developed and applied in our clinic had a positive effect on patients BMI scores, a significant improvement in CGI scores was observed. Conclusion: We believe that this multidisciplinary system will serve as a model for other mental health centers by raising awareness and guiding mental health professionals in the follow-up and treatment of eating disorders.

Predictive capabilities of baseline radiological findings for early and late disease outcomes within sensitive and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases

PurposeThis study compares performance of Timika Score to standardized, detailed radiologist observations of Chest X rays (CXR) for predicting early infectiousness and subsequent treatment outcome in drug sensitive (DS) or multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis cases. It seeks improvement in prediction of these clinical events through these additional observations. MethodThis is a retrospective study analyzing cases from the NIH/NIAID supported TB Portals database, a large, trans-national, multi-site cohort of primarily drug-resistant tuberculosis patients. We analyzed patient records with sputum microscopy readings, radiologist annotated CXR, and treatment outcome including a matching step on important covariates of age, gender, HIV status, case definition, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking, drug use, and Timika Score across resistance type for comparison. Results2142 patients with tuberculosis infection (374 with poor outcome and 1768 with good treatment outcome) were retrospectively reviewed. Bayesian ANOVA demonstrates radiologist observations did not show greater predictive ability for baseline infectiousness (0.77 and 0.74 probability in DS and MDR respectively); however, the observations provided superior prediction of treatment outcome (0.84 and 0.63 probability in DS and MDR respectively). Estimated lung abnormal area and cavity were identified as important predictors underlying the Timika Score’s performance. ConclusionsTimika Score simplifies the usage of baseline CXR for prediction of early infectiousness of the case and shows comparable performance to using detailed, standardized radiologist observations. The score’s utility diminishes for treatment outcome prediction and is exceeded by the usage of the detailed observations although prediction performance on treatment outcome decreases especially in MDR TB cases.

The Effect of Social Media Usage, Appearance-Related Social Media Pressure and Body Mass Index on Body Appreciation of Cosmetic Procedure Patients.

The number of cosmetic procedures has increased in recent years. Social media use and its effects on plastic surgery decisions are among the most widely discussed topics. This study aimed to test a research model that explores the relationship between social media usage frequency, appearance-related social media pressure, and body mass index (BMI) on the body appreciation of patients undergoing cosmetic procedures, and to evaluate their clinical impacts. In total, 136 participants were included in this study, which met and exceeded the sample size requirement. The questionnaire was designed by using reliable scales and demographic data. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized research model. The mean age of the participants was 35years, and 70% had normal BMI scores. Among them, 59.6% underwent invasive procedures and 40.4% underwent minimally invasive procedures. BMI negatively affected body appreciation (β=0.199, p<0.05). Social media did not have a significant effect on appearance-related social media pressure (β=0.001, p>0.05). Appearance-related social media pressure negatively affected body appreciation (β=-0.280. p>0.05). Social media is not only an information source but also creates pressure on appearance. Therefore, plastic surgeons should use social media and consider the psychology of patients during their communication. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Mineral elements and adiposity-related consequences in adolescents with intellectual disabilities

BackgroundPatients with intellectual disabilities are shown to have a limited capacity for cooperation, communication,and other biological consequences, which significantly require a specialized interest in healthcare professionals worldwide.AimIn this respect, the present study was designed to evaluate the levels mineral elements, and their correlation with oxidative stress markers and adiposity markers; leptin (L), adiponectin (A), and L/A ratio in adolescents with intellectual disabilities.MethodsA total of 350 schoolchildren aged (12–18 years) were randomly invited to participate in this prospective, observational study. Only 300 participants agreed to participate in this study. According to Intelligence quotients scores (IQ) measured by WISC-III, the participants were classified into two groups; the healthy control group (no = 180; IQ = 90–114); and the moderate intellectual disability (MID) group (no = 120; IQ = 35–49). Adiposity markers; body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), physical activity scores, adipokines biomarkers; leptin, adiponectin, L/A ratio, oxidative stress, and plasma mineral elements were evaluated by prevalidated questionnaires, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), colorimetric, and immunoassay techniques.ResultsIntellectual disability of moderate type was reported in 40% of the studied populations most of them are men aged 12–18 years (66.6% for men vs. 33.3 for females). Obesity was shown to be associated with the degree of intellectual disability of the students. There was a significant (P = 0.001) increase in the BMI, WHR, and WHtR scores as obesity markers with poor physical activity (P = 0.01) in students with poor disability compared to healthy controls (HC). The levels of leptin (P = 0.001), adiponectin (P = 0.01), and L/A ratio (P = 0.01) as adiposity biomarkers were significantly increased in students with MID compared to healthy controls. Also, oxidative stress measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) (P = 0.01) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P = 0.01) were significantly increased in students with MID compared to healthy control subjects. In addition, mineral elements were shown to be linked with intellectual disability. The data showed that the levels of Fe, Mn, Zn, Hg, Pb, Ca, Cr, Mg, and Ni significantly (P = 0.001) increased, and the levels of Al, Na, K, Cu, and Zn/Cu ratio significantly (P = 0.001) decreased in subjects with MID compared to healthy controls. Correlation analysis concluded that changes in mineral elements significantly correlated with adiposity markers, oxidative stress, and the scores of intellectual disability (WISC III-IQ score).ConclusionThe intellectual disability of moderate type (MID) was associated with abnormal changes in the levels of essential mineral elements and adipokines and increased levels of cellular oxidative stress. Thus, evaluating plasma mineral elements and adipokines levels could be a potential diagnostic parameter for diagnosing MID.

Factors Associated With Malnutrition in Hospitalized Cancer Patients in a National Oncology Center in Conflict-Affected Settings in Sana'a, Yemen: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Cancer can significantly impact thenutritional statusof patients, which can worsen related complications and reduce the effectiveness of treatment. Malnutrition is a common complication among cancer patients, especially among older adults. This study aims to determine the prevalence of malnutrition amonghospitalized cancer patientsand identify factors associated with malnutrition. Methodology and methods The cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 296 cancer patients admitted to the National Oncology Referral Center in Sana'a, Yemen, between February 1 and March 31, 2022. Malnutrition was diagnosed through clinical assessment andscreening toolssuch as screening tools, body mass index (BMI),weight loss percentage, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC).Descriptive statistics, chi-square, andmultivariable logistic regression analysiswere used to assess factors associated with malnutrition. Results Of the 296 patients included in the analysis, most were female 225 (76.0%), and the mean age was 45.8 years. The prevalence of undernutrition, as determined by the BMI score, was 48 (16.2%). The prevalence of malnutrition was higher in females 37 (16.4%) compared to males 11(15.5%). The data indicated that 49% of hospitalized patients had experienced weight loss of 5% or more. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that single (AOR=12.93, 95% CI: 1.17-142.77) or widowed (AOR=11.51, 95% CI: 1.05-126.03) marital status,weight loss (AOR=7.56, 95% CI: 3.00-18.69), stomach cancer (AOR=6.77, 95% CI: 1.66-27.70), andbreast cancer(AOR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.12-6.03) were associated with an increased risk of malnutrition. Conclusions The study highlights the importance of evaluating and addressing the nutritional status of cancer patients, especially at the beginning and during treatment, to improve their clinical outcomes. Prospective studies are recommended to further investigate this issue.

Evaluation of food security status, psychological well-being, and stress on BMI and diet-related behaviors among a sample of college students

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate food insecurity on body mass index (BMI) and diet-related behaviors among college students and whether psychological well-being (PWB) and stress levels mediate this relationship. Study designThis was a cross-sectional study. MethodsData from 1439 students from the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment III (Fall 2020) were used. Food security status was evaluated by the USDA Six-Item Short Form. PWB was measured using the Diener Flourishing Scale. Diet-related behaviors included the average servings of fruits, vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages consumed per day. Stress was measured by self-reported levels. Regression model analysis evaluated the influence of food security status, PWB, and stress levels on BMI. PWB and stress were also tested as mediators in the relationship between food insecurity and BMI. ResultsAmong our sample of college students, 44.54% (n = 641) were food insecure, and 55.46% (n = 798) were food secure. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher food insecurity, older age, full-time enrollment status, and fifth-year student status were positively associated with a higher BMI score (P < 0.05). Results from mediation models revealed that PWB, but not stress, mediated the relationship between food security and BMI among Black/African American students. Regarding diet-related behaviors, high stress levels mediated the relationship between food insecurity and sugar-sweetened beverage intake among students. ConclusionsFood insecurity appears to influence BMI in college students. This relationship seems to be mediated by disrupted PWB and a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages due to stress.

Association of Early Childhood Caries with Body Mass Index, Dietary Habits, and Socioeconomic Status among Preschool Children of Kelambakkam.

One of the most prevalent oral diseases affecting preschoolers, early childhood caries (ECC), can significantly lower a child's quality of life. The pain and discomfort that ECC causes will alter the child's eating habits, which will have an impact on both their physical and mental health, as shown by the deviation from the body mass index (BMI). Dental caries and deviation from the normal BMI are both significantly influenced by children's eating habits and socioeconomic status (SES). To determine the association of ECC with BMI, dietary habits, and SES among 3-6-year-old preschool children. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 375 preschool children of 3-6 years of age. The decayed, missing, or filled teeth (deft) index was used to determine the caries status. Measurement of height (m) and weight (kg) was done using a stadiometer and electronic weighing machine. For each child, the BMI (kg/m2) was calculated, and the child's body weight status was assessed using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-based classification. Questionnaires were collected with demographic details, 3 days diet diary, and the SES of parents. The dietary habit and SES were obtained from the healthy eating index-2005 (HEI-2005) score and Modified Kuppuswamy's Scale 2018. All the data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software V 20.0. The prevalence of ECC was 44.8%. On comparison of mean height, weight, and BMI scores, there was a significant difference in mean weight (p = 0.006) and BMI (p = 0.001) among the two study groups. Children with ECC had a lower HEI-2005 score and belonged to a lower social class compared to caries-free children (p = 0.001). Children with ECC are significantly associated with BMI being overweight, or risk of being overweight; lower grades of SES and lower total score of HEI-2005 with poor diet and diet that needs improvement. Suresh A, Srinivasan D, AR SE, et al. Association of Early Childhood Caries with Body Mass Index, Dietary Habits, and Socioeconomic Status among Preschool Children of Kelambakkam. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):565-571.

The Relationship of Mental Health Continuum with Hedonic Hunger and Dietary Habits in Adults

Purpose: Research on mental health emphasizes that psychological state has an effect on eating behavior. These studies suggest that there may be a relationship between mental health continuum and hedonic hunger. This study aimed to examine the relationship between adults’ mental health continuity and hedonic hunger. Method: Participants were 387 adults (65 men and 322 women) without any mental illness. Data was collected by the researcher using the snowball sampling model, via Google Forms. A general questionnaire, food consumption frequency form, Mental Health Continuum Short-Form (MHC-SF) and Power of Food Scale (PFS) were administered. Results: 56.1% of the participants were in normal mental health and 36.4% in well-being. MHC-SF total and sub-factor scores of the participants who did regular physical activity were significantly higher (p&amp;lt;0.05). The PFS total score was higher in women than men. There was a negative, weak, and statistically significant correlation between participants' MHC-SF and PFS total scores (p&amp;lt;0.05). There was a positive, weak and statistically significant correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and PFS total scores. There was a positive, weak and statistically significant correlation between PFS score, body weight and BMI. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between all PSF total and sub-factor scores and the frequency of fast-food and chips consumption (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: Hedonic hunger increased as the mental health continuum decreased. It was determined that the continuity of mental health was higher in individuals who do regular physical activity and in men. As hedonic hunger increased, the frequency of consumption of chips and fast-food products increased.

Metabolic syndrome prevalence and impact on outcomes in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) are at heightened risk for components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), yet the prevalence and impact of MetS in the cGVHD patient population remain unknown. Adult patients (n = 229) with cGVHD enrolled in the cross-sectional NIH cGVHD Natural History Study (NCT00092235) were evaluated for MetS at enrollment and for variables associated with MetS. A majority (54.1%, 124/229) of the cohort met the diagnostic criteria for MetS. Patients with higher body mass index and lower performance status scores were more likely to have MetS (P < 0.0001; P = 0.026; respectively). Higher circulating erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and creatinine concentrations, along with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, were associated with MetS (P < 0.001; P < 0.004; P = 0.02; P = 0.002; respectively). Patients with MetS compared to patients without MetS had no statistical differences in survival or NRM (5-year OS: 64% [95% CI: 54.8-71.8%] vs. 75.1% [95% CI: 65.6-82.3%]; respectively; overall P = 0.20; 5-year NRM: 21.7% [95% CI: 13.6-30.9%] vs. 10.1% [95% CI: 4.4-18.7%]; respectively; overall P = 0.12). Additionally, there was no difference in cGVHD severity between the two groups. Given the high prevalence of MetS in this cohort, clinicians should screen for its presence before it develops into comorbidities that complicate the course of cGVHD treatment.

Anxiety, Depression, Body Mass Index, Physical Activity in Nomophobic Italian nurses: a chronic latent inflammation?

To investigate which risk factors are strictly connected to nomophobia in Italian nurses, according to socio-demographic characteristics, Body Mass Index scores, physical activity habits, anxiety, and depression. An "ad hoc" online questionnaire has been created and then administered to Italian nurses. Data include sex, age, years of work experience, shift work per day, nursing educational level, Body Mass Index, physical activity, anxiety, depression, and nomophobia conditions. Univariate logistic regression has been performed to explore what potential factors may contribute to the nomophobia condition. A total of 430 nurses agree to participate. No respondents recorded severe levels of nomophobia, as 308(71.6%) registered mild and 58(13.5%) registered moderate levels and 64(14.9%) reported no abnormal condition. Females seem to be more exposed than males to nomophobia (p<0.001); nurses aged from 31 to 40 years and also with less than 10 years of work experience are more affected compared to the other sub groups (p<0.001). Nurses who practice low physical activity reported significantly high levels of nomophobia (p<0.001) and nurses reporting high anxiety levels also suffer from nomophobia (p<0.001). The trend is inverse when considering depression condition since most of the nurses suffering from mild or moderate nomophobia levels reported the absence of depression condition (p<0.001). No statistical differences have been reported between nomophobia levels and shift work (p=0.269), nursing educational level (p=0.242), and BMI levels (p=0.183). Anxiety and physical activity report strong relationships with nomophobia condition (p<0.001). Nomophobia affects all individuals, especially young aged individuals. Although further studies on nurses will be implemented, including the workplace and training environments of nurses by allowing a clearer picture of the levels of "nomophobia" in general, as nomophobic behavior may have negative repercussions both in social and professional spheres.

Case study on selected herbal formula from Rasaratna Samuccaya in the management of Sthaulya (overweight and obesity)

A third of the world's population is now thought to be overweight or obese, making obesity a complex multifactorial disease. Since 1980, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased considerably worldwide, nearly tripling. The prevalence of obesity has increased among persons of all ages and genders, regardless of region, race, or socioeconomic status; however, it tends to be higher among older people and women. Over the past few years, the prevalence rates of obesity appear to have plateaued in a few developed countries. In epidemiological study, the body mass index (BMI) is frequently used to define overweight and obesity. But BMI is not very sensitive and there is a lot of individual variation in the percentage of body fat for any given BMI score, which is partly explained by factors like age, sex, and ethnicity. Cinnamomum tamala (Thēja Patra) and Curcuma longa (Haridrā) were the ingredients of a selected formula from an authentic text and this review's objective was to investigate how well the herbal formula from the Rasaratna Samuccya (classical text) work to treat obesity. An obesity case was used in the current research article. The patient had been overweight for 12 years, which made daily activities difficult for him and gave two tea spoons of selected ingredients in the form of powder twice daily for one month and compared subjective and objective parameters. Our use of Ayurvedic medicine, which includes Aushadha (medication) and restricted food, has produced exceptional results. According to the analysis of this case study the selected herbal formula is useful in the treatment of obesity.

Catch-Up Growth Pattern in Cleft Palate: A Longitudinal Study from Infancy to Adolescence

To characterize the patterns of somatic catch-up growth from infancy to adolescence in patients with cleft palate (CP). We assessed 474 nonsyndromic patients with isolated cleft palate (n=69) and unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate (n=271; n=134) who underwent palatoplasty between 1988 and 2017 and had longitudinal physical growth data at birth (T0), cheiloplasty (T1), palatoplasty (T2), childhood (T3), and adolescence (T4). The z scores of weight (ZWT), height (ZHT), and body mass index (ZBMI) were compared among the CP types (isolated cleft palate, unilateral cleft lip and palate, and bilateral cleft lip and palate) and time points (T1, T2, T3, and T4). Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the growth of patients with malnourishment (z score<-1) at T1 or T2. A generalized linear model was used to investigate the effects of gestational age and cardiac anomalies on the longitudinal changes in ZHT and ZBMI. Regardless of the time point, the overall ZHT, ZWT, and ZBMI approximated 0 in all CP types, indicating few differences from the mean values of noncleft children. Significant catch-up growth occurred in ZHT and ZWT from T1 to T4 for all CP types (all P<.05). Despite the recovery of ZHT and ZBMI in most patients with malnourishment, these values remain relatively low until adolescence. Patients who were born at preterm stage or had surgically repaired cardiac anomalies grew well. Even in infants with CP and malnutrition, preterm birth, or cardiac anomalies, rapid catch-up growth can occur prior to palatoplasty with the help of comprehensive cleft care.

Bioactive oxylipins in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without hypertriglyceridemia.

Dyslipidemia, in particular elevated triglycerides (TGs) contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this pilot study we aimed to assess how increased TGs affect hepatic fat as well as polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism and oxylipin formation in T2DM patients. 40 patients with T2DM were characterized analyzing routine lipid blood parameters, as well as medical history and clinical characteristics. Patients were divided into a hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) group (TG ≥ 1.7mmol/l) and a normal TG group with TGs within the reference range (TG < 1.7mmol/l). Profiles of PUFAs and their oxylipins in plasma were measured by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Transient elastography (TE) was used to assess hepatic fat content measured as controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) (in dB/m) and the degree of liver fibrosis measured as stiffness (in kPa). Mean value of hepatic fat content measured as CAP as well as body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in patients with high TGs as compared to those with normal TGs, and correlation analysis showed higher concentrations of TGs with increasing CAP and BMI scores in patients with T2DM. There were profound differences in plasma oxylipin levels between these two groups. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolites were generally more abundant in the HTG group, especially those derived from arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), γ-linolenic acid (γ-LA), and α-linolenic acid (α-LA), and a strong correlation between TG levels and plasma metabolites from different pathways was observed. In adult patients with T2DM, elevated TGs were associated with increased liver fat and BMI. Furthermore, these patients also had significantly higher plasma levels of CYP- and LOX- oxylipins, which could be a novel indicator of increased inflammatory pathway activity, as well as a novel target to dampen this activity.

Osteoporosis and associated risk factors in patients with severe hemophilia A: a case-control study from China

SummaryIntroductionPeople with hemophilia risk osteoporosis more than healthy people, which may be related to specific factors.MethodsThis case-control study included 53 patients with severe hemophilia type A and 49 healthy participants. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD). Collected information on age, body mass index (BMI), number of joint arthropathies, functional independence score in hemophilia (FISH), bone turnover markers, antibodies, treatment modalities. Identified independent risk factors for osteoporosis.ResultsThe BMD of the femoral neck (0.80 g/cm2vs.0.97 g/cm2), ward’s triangle (0.62 g/cm2vs.0.83 g/cm2), tuberosity (0.63 g/cm2vs.0.80 g/cm2) and hip (0.80 g/cm2vs.0.98 g/ cm2) in the case group were significantly lower than those in the control group, all of which were P < 0.001. However, there was no significant difference in the overall BMD of lumbar spine(L1-L4) (1.07 g / cm2vs. 1.11 g / cm2). The frequency of osteoporosis in the case group was 41.51%. BMI and FISH score were considered as independent risk factors for BMD decrease.ConclusionThe BMD of patients with severe hemophilia A is much lower than that of healthy population, and this difference is mainly reflected in the hip. The clear influencing factors were low BMI and functional independence decrease. Osteoclast was active while osteoblast activity was not enhanced synchronously, which may be the pathological mechanism of BMD decrease.

The relationship between body mass index and musculoskeletal disorders among tailors

Background: Humans have a demand to have more abilities so that the role produced is as desired. Muscles and bones are important for workers to do their jobs. Complaints related to muscles and bones can be called musculoskeletal disorders. Body mass index (BMI) is one of the factors influencing the incidence of musculoskeletal problems. This is because people with a high score of BMI will try to support their weight by tightening the muscles in their lower back. On the other hand, if this happens frequently, the spinal cord pads will be under a lot of pressure. This study aimed to establish a relationship between BMI and musculoskeletal disorders.&#x0D; Methods: This study used analytic observational cross-sectional research as the study design. Were 53 individuals used as samples in this study utilizing a purposive sampling method based on exclusion and inclusion criteria.&#x0D; Results: Data on BMI and musculoskeletal disorders were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test, which found a significant correlation of p=0.000 (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the study's results, it can be concluded that there was a relationship between BMI and musculoskeletal disorders among tailors in Denpasar City.