Usability Score Research Articles

Enhancing Individual Self-Efficacy Through a Self-Growing Memory Artificial Intelligence Agent Integrated with a Diary Application

This paper introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) interactive system featuring a self-growing memory network designed to enhance self-efficacy, reduce loneliness, and maintain social interaction among the elderly. The system dynamically analyzes and processes user-written diaries, generating empathic and personalized responses tailored to each individual. The system architecture includes an experience extraction model, a self-growing memory network that provides a contextual understanding of the user’s daily life, a chat agent, and a feedback loop that adaptively learns the user’s behavioral patterns and emotional states. By drawing on both successful and challenging experiences, the system crafts responses that reinforce the self-efficacy of the user, fostering a sense of accomplishment and engagement. This approach improves the psychological well-being of elderly users and promotes their mental health and overall quality of life through consistent interaction. To validate our proposed method, we developed a diary application to facilitate user interaction and collect diary entries. Over time, the system’s capacity to learn and adapt further refines the user experience, suggesting that AI-driven solutions hold significant potential for mitigating the effects of declining self-efficacy on mental health and social interactions. With the proposed system, we achieve an average system usability scale score of 77.3 (SD = 5.4) and a general self-efficacy scale score of 34.2 (SD = 3.5).

An approach to boost adherence to self-data reporting in mHealth applications for users without specific health conditions

BackgroundThe popularization of mobile health (mHealth) apps for public health or medical care purposes has transformed human life substantially, improving lifestyle behaviors and chronic condition management. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of gamification features in a mHealth app that includes the most common categories of behavior change techniques for the self-report of lifestyle data. The data reported by the user can be manual (i.e., diet, activity, and weight) and automatic (Fitbit wearable devices). As a secondary objective, this work aims to explore the differences in the adherence when considering a longer study duration and make a comparative analysis of the gamification effect.MethodsIn this study, the effectiveness of various behavior change techniques strategies is evaluated through the analysis of two user groups. With a first group of users, we perform a comparative analysis in terms of adherence and system usability scale of two versions of the app, both including the most common categories of behavior change techniques but the second version having added gamification features. Then, with a second group of participants and the best mHealth app version, a longer study is carried out and user adherence, the system usability scale and user feedback are analyzed.ResultsIn the first stage study, results have shown that the app version with gamification features has achieved a higher adherence, as the percentage of days active was higher for most of the users and the system usability scale score is 80.67, which is categorized as rank A. The app also exceeded the expectations of the users by about 70% for the app version with gamification functionalities. In the second stage of the study, an adherence of 76.25% is reported after 8 weeks and 58% at the end of the pilot for the mHealth app. Similarly, for the wearable device, an adherence of 74.32% is achieved after 8 weeks and 81.08% is obtained at the end of the pilot. We hypothesize that these specific wearable devices have contributed to a decreased system usability scale score, reaching 62.89 which is ranked as C.ConclusionThis study evidences the effectiveness of the gamification category of behavior change techniques in increasing the overall user adherence, expectations, and perceived usability. In addition, the results provide quantitative results on the effect of the most common categories of behavior change techniques for the self-report of lifestyle data. Therefore, a higher duration in the study has shown several limitations when capturing lifestyle data, especially when including wearable devices such as Fitbit.

Differences in User Perception of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Chatbots and Traditional Tools in Qualitative Data Analysis

Qualitative data analysis (QDA) tools are essential for extracting insights from complex datasets. This study investigates researchers’ perceptions of the usability, user experience (UX), mental workload, trust, task complexity, and emotional impact of three tools: Taguette 1.4.1 (a traditional QDA tool), ChatGPT (GPT-4, December 2023 version), and Gemini (formerly Google Bard, December 2023 version). Participants (N = 85), Master’s students from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science with prior experience in UX evaluations and familiarity with AI-based chatbots, performed sentiment analysis and data annotation tasks using these tools, enabling a comparative evaluation. The results show that AI tools were associated with lower cognitive effort and more positive emotional responses compared to Taguette, which caused higher frustration and workload, especially during cognitively demanding tasks. Among the tools, ChatGPT achieved the highest usability score (SUS = 79.03) and was rated positively for emotional engagement. Trust levels varied, with Taguette preferred for task accuracy and ChatGPT rated highest in user confidence. Despite these differences, all tools performed consistently in identifying qualitative patterns. These findings suggest that AI-driven tools can enhance researchers’ experiences in QDA while emphasizing the need to align tool selection with specific tasks and user preferences.

A web-based decision support system to support occupational therapy services in promoting active ageing

Background: Dealing with the consequences of Thailand’s ageing population is a significant challenge. The growing usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has the potential to support healthy and active ageing. Objective: This study aimed to develop a web-based Decision Support System (DSS) and evaluate its usability. Materials and methods: Research and Development (R&D) was a study design. It was divided into two phases: the development of the web-based DSS and its usability. Results: The web-based DSS was designed under the requirements of the users and comprised seven components: 1) the login page; 2) the main page; 3) the register page; 4) active ageing measurement; 5) decision-making for older people; 6) the Occupational Therapy (OT) recommendations system; and 7) exporting information. A System Usability Score (SUS) of 80.41 in the usability test showed that the web-based DSS was very user-friendly and had excellent efficacy, efficiency, and satisfaction. Conclusion: The web-based DSS effectively enhanced ageing for older people.

Perceived Telehealth Usability for Personalized Healthcare Among the Adult Population in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Post-COVID-19 Era.

Background: Due to technological advancements, the demand for easily accessible and convenient healthcare services is rising globally. Thus, telehealth is gaining momentum that was previously unheard of. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) actively embraces digital innovation in the healthcare industry through its ambitious Vision 2030 initiative. This study aimed to assess the perceived usability of telehealth for personalized healthcare among the KSA adult population in the post-COVID-19 era. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample of 975 adults from the general population in KSA. A digital survey was used for data collection through Survey Monkey software. It contained two sections: personal and health data and the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). The data was collected over three months (July-September 2024) and investigated using the multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: This study showed that 59.8% of the participants have initiated telehealth service use before the COVID-19 pandemic, and the most frequently used services are the issuance of sick leave (30.6%), tele-prescription (29.0%), virtual consultation (20.0%), tele-mental health services (19.4%), telemonitoring (18.6), and tele-referral (18.2%). A high total telehealth usability score was observed among 60.4% of the participants: 72.7% perceive telehealth as highly useful, 76.4% perceive it as easy to use, 60.1% have high satisfaction and intention for future use, 57.4% perceive high interface quality, and 51.8% perceive a high interaction quality. Conversely, 45.8% perceive low reliability of the telehealth system. Multinomial logistic regression showed that low education (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.16-4.85) and using virtual consultation (AOR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.38-0.99) were predictors of low telehealth usability. However, being female (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.27-2.55), being in higher education (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.02-2.34), and living in the central KSA region (AOR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.10-2.23) were predictors of high telehealth usability. Working status, income, and presence of chronic disease were not statistically significant predictors. Conclusions: Telehealth services have been highly usable in KSA even before the COVID-19 pandemic, with commonly used asynchronous services. Many social, technological, and system-related factors could affect the user experience and system reliability. Hence, telehealth developments are recommended to overcome such barriers, with future initiatives focusing on the flexibility and convenience of telehealth systems.

The use of a smartphone app for self-monitoring by patients with bipolar disorder being treated in a primary care setting

ABSTRACT Background: Self-monitoring and self-management are growing phenomena in the care of chronic illnesses, like bipolar disorder. A significant fraction of patients with bipolar disorder are cared for by primary care providers. The use of smart technology may be effective in this setting. Method: KIOS-Bipolar, a smartphone app that proved superior in a randomized, controlled trial, was beta-tested for two-month periods in 12 patients with bipolar disorder who were under the care of a primary care clinic. Results: Adherence to the app was 100%. Patients experienced improvements in depressive (−41%) and manic (−46%) symptoms and overall instability (−39%). Patients felt that the system was user-friendly with an average system usability score of 80.8 (range 48–100). Five participants (41.8%) gave a system usability score ≥ 90. Discussion: This open trial suggests that utilization of a self-management tool may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder in the primary care setting.

Artificial intelligence in clinical settings: a systematic review of its role in language translation and interpretation.

Addressing language barriers through accurate interpretation is crucial for providing quality care and establishing trust. While the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to translate medical documentation has been studied, its role for patient-provider communication is less explored. This review evaluates AI's effectiveness in clinical translation by assessing accuracy, usability, satisfaction, and feedback on its use. A systematic search was conducted on July 11, 2024, across Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria required AI to translate clinical information for a real or theoretical consultation. Exclusion criteria included reviews, correspondence, educational materials, non-peer-reviewed or retracted reports, non-English translations, pre-2016 publications, and reports on sign language or patient education. Search strings representing AI, language interpretation, and healthcare were used. Two investigators independently conducted the screening, extraction, synthesis of results, and bias assessments using Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I), Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. A third investigator resolved conflicts. Of 1,095 reports, 9 studies were analyzed, evaluating AI translation platforms Google Translate, Microsoft Translator, Apple iTranslate, AwezaMed, Pocketalk W, and the Asynchronous Telepsychiatry (ATP) App. Investigations occurred in the US, France, Switzerland, and South Africa, with publications from 2019-2024. AI medical translation shows promise, typically providing accurate translations for brief communications in limited languages, though human translation is often necessary. Accuracy scores ranged from 83-97.8% when translating from English, and 36-76% when translating to English. Usability scores were 76.7-96.7%. Patients were more satisfied than clinicians, with 84-96.6% and 53.8-86.7% satisfied, respectively. Clinicians were hesitant to use AI due to questions of respect, quality, reliability, and misunderstanding. AI is being used as a last-resort option, to assist fluent, non-certified providers and lay interpreters, and for brief communications. Limitations include few languages tested, unidirectional translation, simulation, and evolving translation tools. AI shows promise in clinical translation, but the complexity of medical consultations requires a balanced approach combining AI and human translation services for quality care.

Usability Evaluation of Street Art Websites

This study aims to examine street art websites in terms of usability and crowdsourcing methods. The websites examined were selected from among 700 graffiti websites in the “best list” title of ArtCrimes. Findings indicate that these websites lack sufficient institutional information and policies concerning reproduction and copyright, and contain inadequate descriptive data about the artworks. Following the evaluation, the street art website with the highest usability score was further analyzed through an expert heuristic evaluation. The review concluded that the platform is strong in terms of aesthetic and minimalist design, consistency, and standards, but weak in terms of user control and freedom, as well as flexibility and efficiency features. This study is expected to contribute to the literature by highlighting the importance of accessible websites for street art.

Development and alpha-testing of a patient decision aid for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia regarding dose reduction

BackgroundDose reduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is an option for some chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients to minimize side effects while maintaining efficacy. Shared decision-making (SDM) and patient decision aids (PDAs) are advocated to make informed choices such as reducing the dose of TKIs. This paper describes the development and alpha-testing of a PDA for patients with CML receiving TKI dose reduction.MethodsThe PDA was iteratively developed following IPDAS guidelines. First, a needs assessment with semi-structured interviews was conducted to understand the needs and preferences of patients and healthcare providers. Second, through feedback cycles with the project team and steering group the scope, content, and format were defined. Third, three rounds of alpha-testing were performed via individual “think aloud” sessions with patients (round 1) and healthcare providers (round 2) to qualitatively assess the comprehensibility, acceptability, and desirability of the PDA. Round 3 included quantitative evaluation via an acceptability and usability questionnaire. Qualitative data were categorized, and quantitative data were descriptively analyzed.ResultsThe majority valued the development of the PDA during the needs assessment (n = 30). The PDA included disease and treatment information, information about dose reduction, knowledge questions, and a value clarification section. During alpha-testing, the PDA was considered clear, balanced, and helpful for decision-making. A total of 76% of the patients (n = 17) and 100% of the healthcare providers (n = 9) recommended it with overall mean scores of 7.4 and 7.8, respectively. The above average usability score was 68.1.ConclusionA well-accepted online PDA for chronic phase CML patients to consider TKI dose reduction was developed.

Developing a Digital Tool to Calculate Protein Quality in Plant-Based Meals of Older Adults: User Engagement Design Approach With End Users.

The global shift toward plant-based diets has been increasing, with more people making the transition for various reasons. In vulnerable subgroups such as older adults, the transition to plant-based diets deserves attention due to the potentially detrimental consequences of lower protein quantity and quality. We aimed to develop a digital tool that ensures adequate protein quality in plant-based meals for older adults experiencing low protein intake through an interdisciplinary collaboration and user engagement with potential end users. Three focus group interviews of Dutch and Danish dietitians and older adults as potential end users were conducted to identify their needs, preferences, and deal-breakers. Focus group interviews were based on a user-task-environment analysis, the Walt Disney method, the brainwriting method, and a cognitive walkthrough. The interview transcripts were analyzed with a thematic analysis. The front end and backend development of a potential tool took place in parallel and was well-synced to the focus group interviews. Both dietitians and older adults from Dutch and Danish sites expressed high interest in a tool that provides feedback and background information on protein quality, sustainability, and nutrients or micronutrients. The user-task-environment analysis delivered input among others that dietitians and older adults are good potential users, the tool should be functional as an app as well as a website and the tool should provide preprogrammed meals or recipes. The Walt Disney method delivered usable and realistic solutions to the 4 challenges presented. Thirty-two percent of the solutions on all themes presented with the brainwriting method appeared to be highly feasible and relevant, having the potential to be implemented in a tool. The cognitive walkthrough identified certain screens as unclear, necessitating revisions for improved understandability, for example, the need for explanation in selecting food item filters is shown in screenshot 2, with an overall usability score of 59%. Our user engagement design approach resulted in a prototype that ensured end users' wishes and needs, with a finetuned output tested in focus groups. We conclude that our user engagement design approach was a suitable and meaningful stepwise approach to ensure the relevance of the tool and identify potential barriers. The focus group results indicate that dietitians have a clear understanding and need for a tool to aid in meal planning for enhanced protein quality, highlighting its absence in their current resources despite increasing demands arising from the protein transition. Conversely, for older adults, the introduction of a digital tool appears less appropriate; instead, there is a necessity for foundational education on protein quality before such a tool can be effectively used. Future studies are needed to further implement the prototype into practice.

A virtual patient authoring tool for transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Computer-based medical training scenarios, derived from patient's records, often lack variability, modifiability, and availability. Furthermore, generating image datasets and creating scenarios is resource-intensive. Therefore, patient authoring tools for rapid dataset-independent creation of virtual patients (VPs) is a pressing need. An authoring tool and a virtual catheterization laboratory environment were developed. The tool allows customised VP generation through a real-time morphable heart model and Euroscore parameters. The generated VP can be examined inside the vCathLab using a fluoroscopy and monitoring device, both on desktop and immersive virtual reality. Seven board-certified experts evaluated the proposed method from three aspects, i.e. System Usability Scale, qualitative feedback, and its performance in VR. All participants agreed that this method could provide the necessary information and is anatomically correct within an educational context. Its modifiability, variability, and simplicity were well recognised. The prototype achieved excellent usability score and considerable performance results. We present a highly variable VP authoring tool that enhances variability in medical training scenarios. Although this work does not aim to explore didactic aspects, the potential of using this approach in an educational context has been confirmed in our study. Accordingly, these aspects can benefit from a thorough investigation in the future. In addition, our tool can be improved to provide more realistic parameter ranges for procedure-specific cases.

Usability of a smartphone application for patients with interstitial lung disease: Results from the Registry for Better Understanding of ILD (RE-BUILD) pilot study.

Digital technologies offer opportunities for remote monitoring, increased patient engagement and incorporation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) into interstitial lung disease (ILD) care and research. This study evaluated the usability and patient experience of the RE-BUILD (Registry for Better Understanding of ILD) application, an ILD-specific smartphone app. Patients with ILD aged ≥18 years were recruited from three tertiary ILD centres to use the RE-BUILD app for 6 months. The mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) was evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months and patients received monthly prompts to enter clinical and PROM data. Qualitative interviews regarding patient experience were performed in a subset of 10. Fifty patients, with mean age 66.9 ± 10.3 years, 25 (50%) female were included. Participants used the app for a median of 48 (IQR 21-178.3) sessions, equivalent to 8 sessions (IQR 3.5-29.71) per month. Median number of days that the app was accessed was 37 (IQR 14-96.8), with 13 (26%) patients using the app >30 times per month. The most accessed app feature was physical activity, followed by 'air quality'. Participants agreed or strongly agreed that the app was easy to use (76.0%) easy to learn to use (79.8%) and well-organized with accessible information (74.8%). The median overall MAUQ score for usability was 5.69 (IQR 5.03-6.19). There was also a high rate of engagement with app functionalities. RE-BUILD is a usable and intuitive platform for self-monitoring and data collection in ILD. Patients report a high degree of satisfaction and have provided valuable feedback for its further development.

Evaluation of a New Mobile Virtual Reality Setup to Alter Pain Perception: Pilot Development and Usability Study in Healthy Participants.

Chronic pain presents a significant treatment challenge, often leading to frustration for both patients and therapists due to the limitations of traditional methods. Research has shown that synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation, as used in the rubber hand experiment, can induce a sense of ownership over a fake body part and reduces pain perception when ownership of the fake body part is reported. The effect of the rubber hand experiment can be extended to the full body, for example, during the full-body illusion, using both visuo-tactile and cardiovisual signals. This study first aimed to evaluate the usability and accuracy of a novel, mobile virtual reality (VR) setup that displays participants' heartbeats as a flashing silhouette on a virtual avatar, a technique known as the cardiovisual full-body illusion. The second part of the study investigated the effects of synchronous cardiovisual stimulation on pain perception and ownership in 20 healthy participants as compared with asynchronous stimulation (control condition). The setup comprised a head-mounted display (HMD) and a heart rate measurement device. A smartphone-based HMD (Samsung Galaxy S8+) was selected for its mobility, and heart rates were measured using smartwatches with photoplethysmography (PPG). The accuracy of 2 smartwatch positions was compared with a 5-point electrocardiogram (ECG) standard in terms of their accuracy (number and percent of missed beats). Each participant underwent two 5-minute sessions of synchronous cardiovisual stimulation and two 5-minute sessions of asynchronous cardiovisual stimulation (total of 4 sessions), followed by pain assessments. Usability, symptoms of cybersickness, and ownership of the virtual body were measured using established questionnaires (System Usability Scale, Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, Ownership Questionnaire). Pain perception was assessed using advanced algometric methods (Algopeg and Somedic algometer). Results demonstrated high usability scores (mean 4.42, SD 0.56; out of 5), indicating ease of use and acceptance, with minimal side effects (mean 1.18, SD 0.46; out of a possible 4 points on the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire). The PPG device showed high heart rate measurement precision, which improved with optimized filtering and peak detection algorithms. However, compared with previous work, no significant effects on body ownership and pain perception were observed between the synchronous and asynchronous conditions. These findings are discussed in the context of existing literature on VR interventions for chronic pain. In conclusion, while the new VR setup showed high usability and minimal side effects, it did not significantly affect ownership or pain perception. This highlights the need for further research to refine VR-based interventions for chronic pain management, considering factors like visual realism and perspective.

Ambient artificial intelligence scribes: physician burnout and perspectives on usability and documentation burden.

This study evaluates the pilot implementation of ambient AI scribe technology to assess physician perspectives on usability and the impact on physician burden and burnout. This prospective quality improvement study was conducted at Stanford Health Care with 48 physicians over a 3-month period. Outcome measures included burden, burnout, usability, and perceived time savings. Paired survey analysis (n = 38) revealed large statistically significant reductions in task load (-24.42, p <.001) and burnout (-1.94, p <.001), and moderate statistically significant improvements in usability scores (+10.9, p <.001). Post-survey responses (n = 46) indicated favorable utility with improved perceptions of efficiency, documentation quality, and ease of use. In one of the first pilot implementations of ambient AI scribe technology, improvements in physician task load, burnout, and usability were demonstrated. Ambient AI scribes like DAX Copilot may enhance clinical workflows. Further research is needed to optimize widespread implementation and evaluate long-term impacts.

Nurses' Knowledge and Skills After Use of an Augmented Reality App for Advanced Cardiac Life Support Training: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) skills are essential for nurses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, augmented reality (AR) technologies were incorporated into medical education to increase learning motivation and accessibility. This study aims to determine whether AR for educational applications can significantly improve crash cart learning, learning motivation, cognitive load, and system usability. It focused on a subgroup of nurses with less than 2 years of experience. This randomized controlled trial study was conducted in a medical center in southern Taiwan. An ACLS cart training course was developed using AR technologies in the first stage. Additionally, the efficacy of the developed ACLS training course was evaluated. The AR group used a crash cart learning system developed with AR technology, while the control group received traditional lecture-based instruction. Both groups were evaluated immediately after the course. Performance was assessed through learning outcomes related to overall ACLS and crash cart use. The Instructional Materials Motivation Survey, System Usability Scale, and Cognitive Load Theory Questionnaire were also used to assess secondary outcomes in the AR group. Subgroup analyses were performed for nurses with less than 2 years of experience. All 102 nurses completed the course, with 43 nurses in the AR group and 59 nurses in the control group. The AR group outperformed the control group regarding overall ACLS outcomes and crash cart learning outcomes (P=.002; P=.01). The improvement rate was the largest for new staff regardless of the overall learning effect and the crash cart effect. Subgroup analysis revealed that nurses with less than 2 years of experience in the AR group showed more significant improvements in both overall learning (P<.001) and crash cart outcomes (P<.001) compared to their counterparts in the control group. For nurses with more than 2 years of experience, no significant differences were found between the AR and control groups in posttraining learning outcomes for the crash cart (P=.32). The AR group demonstrated high scores for motivation (Instructional Materials Motivation Survey mean score 141.65, SD 19.25) and system usability (System Usability Scale mean score 90.47, SD 11.91), as well as a low score for cognitive load (Cognitive Load Theory Questionnaire mean score 15.42, SD 5.76). AR-based learning significantly improves ACLS knowledge and skills, especially for nurses with less experience, compared to traditional methods. The high usability and motivational benefits of AR suggest its potential for broader applications in nursing education. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06057285; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06057285.

Implementing a Patient Portal for the Remote Follow-Up of Self-Isolating Patients With COVID-19 Infection Through Patient and Stakeholder Engagement (the Opal-COVID Study): Mixed Methods Pilot Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedent challenge to public health systems, with 95% of cases in Quebec sent home for self-isolation. To ensure continuous care, we implemented an intervention supported by a patient portal (Opal) to remotely monitor at-home patients with COVID-19 via daily self-reports of symptoms, vital signs, and mental health that were reviewed by health care professionals. We describe the intervention's implementation, focusing on the (1) process; (2) outcomes, including feasibility, fidelity, acceptability, usability, and perceived response burden; and (3) barriers and facilitators encountered by stakeholders. The implementation followed a co-design approach operationalized through patient and stakeholder engagement. The intervention included a 14-day follow-up for each patient. In the mixed methods study at the McGill University Health Centre in Montreal, Quebec, participants completed questionnaires on implementation outcomes on days 1, 7, and 14. All scores were examined against predefined success thresholds. Linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations were used to assess changes in scores over time and whether they differed by sex, age, and race. Semistructured interviews were conducted with expert patients, health care professionals, and coordinators for the qualitative analysis and submitted to thematic analysis guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. In total, 51 participants were enrolled between December 2020 and March 2021; 49 (96%) were included in the quantitative analysis. Observed recruitment and retention rates (51/52, 98% and 49/51, 96%) met the 75% feasibility success threshold. Over 80% of the participants found it "quite easy/very easy" to complete the daily self-report, with a completion rate (fidelity) of >75% and a nonsignificant decreasing trend over time (from 100%, 49/49 to 82%, 40/49; P=.21). Mean acceptability and usability scores at all time points exceeded the threshold of 4 out of 5. Acceptability scores increased significantly between at least 2 time points (days 1, 7, and 14: mean 4.06, SD 0.57; mean 4.26, SD 0.59; and mean 4.25, SD 0.57; P=.04). Participants aged >50 years reported significantly lower mean ease of use (usability) scores than younger participants (days 1, 7, and 14: mean 4.29, SD 0.91 vs mean 4.67, SD 0.45; mean 4.13, SD 0.89 vs mean 4.77, SD 0.35; and mean 4.24, SD 0.71 vs mean 4.72, SD 0.71; P=.004). In total, 28 stakeholders were interviewed between June and September 2021. Facilitators included a structured implementation process, a focus on stakeholders' recommendations, the adjustability of the intervention, and the team's emphasis on safety. However, Opal's thorough privacy protection measures and limited acute follow-up capacities were identified as barriers, along with implementation delays due to data security-related institutional barriers. The intervention attained targets across all studied implementation outcomes. Qualitative findings highlighted the importance of stakeholder engagement. Telehealth tools have potential for the remote follow-up of acute health conditions. RR2-10.2196/35760.

A Seamless Technology Integration Framework for Elderly-Centered Interactive Systems: Design, Implementation, and Validation Through the Pillow Fight System

The rapid aging of the global population has highlighted the urgent need for age-friendly technological solutions. However, our review of the existing studies revealed significant gaps between elderly users’ needs and the current smart technology products. While previous research has explored various aspects of elderly technology design, our systematic analysis indicated limitations, in terms of integrated frameworks, empirically validated interaction models, and long-term effectiveness evaluation. This study proposes a seamless technology framework for the development of elderly-centered interactive systems—named Pillow Fight—which we validated through a mixed-methods study of an innovative intergenerational gaming system. This research was conducted in two phases across 34 sites, with 1997 participants. Phase one (n = 659) established the framework’s effectiveness through systematic field testing, while phase two (n = 1338) validated its scalability and long-term benefits. The results highlight significant improvements in system usability scores (SUS), from individual use (77.85) to group activities (85.32), with intergenerational interaction achieving the highest scores (92.12). The integration of health monitoring features further enhanced learnability (94.12) usability (82.15). This study contributes to the design of technology for the elderly through (1) establishing an integrated theoretical framework for seamless technology integration, (2) developing and validating innovative intergenerational interaction models, and (3) providing empirical evidence through systematic field studies. These contributions could advance both theoretical understanding and practical applications while maintaining high user-friendliness.

Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of Surgery Prep, a Virtual Reality Perioperative Walkthrough Designed to Help Pediatric Patients Psychologically Prepare for Surgery

Purpose High levels of preoperative anxiety amongst pediatric patients can lead to postoperative complications and increased healthcare costs, necessitating effective non-pharmacological interventions. This study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of “Surgery Prep,” a gamified virtual reality (VR) app that features a perioperative walkthrough designed to help pediatric patients psychologically prepare for surgery. Method The VR application was implemented by a Child Life Specialist (CLS) at a hospital using Meta Quest VR hardware to 15 eligible patients ages 5 to 14 years scheduled for a surgical procedure requiring anesthesia. Pediatric patients and their parents were surveyed to assess the application’s feasibility and acceptability and effectiveness into psychologically preparation and reducing pre-operative anxiety in pediatric patients before surgery. Result The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of a VR perioperative walkthrough by the CLS team who recruited 15 pediatric patients with 3 refusals to participate. All patients completed the study. Acceptability was highlighted by patients and parents reporting the VR experience to be fun, interactive, engaging, and a tool for distraction and psychological surgery preparation. This matched a reasonably high average System Usability score of 72.2 (95% CI = 64.0 to 80.3). The most common complaint from parents and patients was that the headset was heavy. Conclusion This study found that a VR app designed to reduce preoperative anxiety was feasible for deployment by CLS in a hospital and acceptable by pediatric patients and their parents. The VR experience introduced a means to psychologically prepare patients for surgery and distract them while they await surgery in a hospital.

Developing a Marker-Based AR Application to Introduce Temples and Cultural Heritage to Younger Generations

Preserving Balinese cultural heritage is crucial for sustaining community identity. In Bali, temples (pura) are central to spiritual and cultural life. However, younger generations, especially temple caretakers of Pemerajan Agung Sakti Padangsambian, are increasingly losing knowledge of these sacred spaces, weakening their sense of belonging, to preserve cultural traditions. Current media efforts has failed to engage this demographic. This research addresses this challenge by developing an application-integrated images compiled into books and Android-based AR technology. The application employed a user-centered design approach involving analysis, design, development, testing, and evaluation phases. Results show AR effectively bridges the knowledge gap, with usability scores and a significant increase in user knowledge of 42.43%. This research demonstrates AR's potential for preserving and transmitting cultural heritage, including the reconstruction of damaged historical objects through 3D modeling with the marker detection technology, to ensure seamless integration between the real and virtual worlds.

Designing Mobile-based Tele Dermatology for Indonesian Clinic using User Centred Design: Quantitative and Qualitative Approach

This study was motivated by the increasing health services for skincare but limited availability of dermatologists in Indonesia, especially for remote areas. The health sector in Indonesia, including the dermatology and beauty sectors, has implemented technology to increase accessibility to health workers. Currently, there are several health facilities that have developed applications to support remote skin consultations (teledermatology) in Indonesia. This study aims to design a teledermatology application for clinics using a user-centered design (UCD) approach. UCD consists of understand context of use, specify user requirements, design and evaluate the prototypes. We used qualitative approach for understanding the problems, requirements and designing the low-fidelity prototype. Then, we used quantitative and qualitative approach for evaluating the prototypes. We collected quantitative data using an online questionnaire taken by 107 respondents and interviews with seven respondents. We found that teledermatology features, such as consultations and reminder notifications for self-care, are important to support dermatology activities. Our findings concern the teleconsultation feature, which still requires communication using WhatsApp for initial screenings. The quantitative evaluation resulted in a system usability scale score of 72.5, described as within the range of acceptability. Meanwhile, the post-study system usability questionnaire score reached an average value of 2.239, indicating that the usability of the application is good. The results of this study can be utilized by teledermatology application developers to improve their services.