Scopulariopsis Sp Research Articles

Characterization and recovery rates of food-indicator microorganisms from home-made oral rehydration solutions in Nigeria

From home-made oral rehydration solutions (ORS), the identified bacterial strains from a total of 1880 bacterial isolates (1010 from granulated sugar and 870 from table salt) using the conventional taxonomic tools were Bacillus cereus var. mycoides (0.57%), Bacillus subtilis (2.28%), Citrobacter sp. (1.07%), Clostridium perfringes (14.75%), Enterobacter aerogenes (6.13%), Escherichia coli (7.44%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.0%), Morganella morganii (0.78%), Proteus mirabilis (6.74%), P. vulgaris (1.68%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.67%), Salmonella entrica serovar Typhi (3.89%), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (0.99%), Shigella dysentariae (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.98%) and Vibrio cholerae (2.57%). The isolated fungal species from the table salt and granulated sugar samples were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Botryiodiplodia sp., Candida sp. and Scopulariopsis sp. Home-made ORS may serve as a means of transmitting gastroenteritis/diarrhoea and other infectious microbial agents in developing countries like Nigeria

Synthesis of 2,7‐disubstituted‐5,6‐dimethylpyrrolo‐[2,3‐d]‐1,3‐oxazin‐4‐ones as antifungal agents

AbstractA series of novel 5,6‐dimethylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]‐1,3‐oxazin‐4‐ones were synthesized from 2‐amino‐3‐tert‐butoxy‐carbonyl‐4,5‐dimethylpyrroles. Two methods were used, cyclodehydration of 2‐acylamino‐3‐carboxypyrroles with acetic anhydride and direct conversion of the 5,6‐dimethylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]‐1,3‐oxazin‐2,4‐diones to the title compounds with an anhydride directly providing the 2 substituent. Molecular modeling techniques revealed that these pyrrolo[2,3‐d]oxazinones were rigid analogues of the allylamine antifungals. The compounds were tested for in vitro activity against Tricophyton and Scopulariopsis sp.

Biosynthesis of antibiotic 1233A (F-244) and preparation of [14C]1233A.

The biosynthesis of antibiotic 1233A (F-244) was studied by feeding 13C-labeled precursors to the producing organism, Scopulariopsis sp. F-244. 13C NMR spectroscopy established that 1233A is derived from 4 methionines and 7 acetates. Seven acetates are condensed to form a hexaketide and 4 methyl residues from methionine are introduced into the main skeleton. The beta-lactone is derived from the alpha-carboxylic acid of the hexaketide. Since methionine was efficiently incorporated into 1233A, radiolabeled 1233A was prepared biosynthetically by feeding [14C]methionine to the producer. As a result, [14C]1233A was obtained with high specific radioactivity (27.2 muCi/mumols).

Differentiation of medically important isolates of Bipolaris and Exserohilum with exoantigens

Soluble culture extracts of Bipolaris australiensis, B. hawaiiensis, B. spicifera, Exserohilum longirostratum, E. mcginnisii, E. rostratum, and Helminthosporium solani were used to prepare reference antisera in New Zealand White rabbits. The absorbed reference antisera were tested by a microimmunodiffusion method against concentrated culture filtrates prepared from 115 environmental and clinical isolates of Alternaria spp., Bipolaris spp., Curvularia spp., Dactylaria sp., Drechslera spp., Embellisia spp., Exserohilum spp., Fusarium sp., Helminthosporium sp., Microsporum sp., Scolecobasidium sp., and Scopulariopsis sp. Cross-reactivity did not occur between isolates of the genera tested except for some Bipolaris and Curvularia spp. Antigens shared by species of Bipolaris and Curvularia correlated with their morphologic similarity and phylogenetic closeness. Cross-reactivity was observed among isolates of B. australiensis, B. hawaiiensis, and B. spicifera and among isolates of E. longirostratum, E. mcginnisii, and E. rostratum. The exoantigen test is valuable for differentiating these fungi at the generic level.

Development of fluorescent-antibody reagents for demonstration of Pseudallescheria boydii in tissues

We prepared fluorescent-antibody reagents to detect and identify Pseudallescheria boydii in tissue. Antisera to broken mycelium and condidia (particulate antigens) and to culture filtrates (soluble antigens) of P. boydii were produced in rabbits. Antisera and globulin fractions of the antisera were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and evaluated for their ability to stain P. boydii in tissues. The conjugates were first tested with cultures of 25 P. boydii isolates and 26 heterologous fungi that are morphologically similar to P. boydii in tissues. Labeled antibody to the soluble antigens reacted only weakly with cultures of P. boydii. Labeled antibody to particulate antigens brightly stained all P. boydii isolates and cross-reacted with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and a Scopulariopsis sp. The cross-reacting antibodies were removed by adsorption with A. fumigatus and F. oxysporum. The adsorbed conjugates stained P. boydii in Formalin-fixed tissues from experimentally infected mice and in Formalin-fixed tissues from humans and animals with natural infections. They did not stain the heterologous fungi in tissues.

Toxigenic Fungi from Poultry Feed and Litter

Fungi isolated from feed and litter of two Ohio poultry farms were screened for toxin production. Fourteen-day-slant cultures were used to inoculate neo-peptone dextrose, Czapek-Dox, and Mycological broth media. Four-day chick embryos were inoculated with 0.2 ml. of culture filtrate via the air cell. Embryo death at 9 days was used as the toxicity indicator. Those fungi found toxigenic in one or more media were Aspergillus chevalieri (one), A. fumigatus (one), A. terreus (two), Penicillium cyclopium (five), P. patulum (two), and one each Fusarium and Scopulariopsis sp. Of those isolates screened 13% were found toxigenic.

FUNGI OF DELHI. XIV. IMPERFECT STATE OF KERNIA GENICULOTRICHA

Of the species Kernia geniculotricha Seth the imperfect state has been found which is here described as Scopulariopsis sp.