Scope Of Technology Research Articles

Scope of paddy harvesting technologies through cropland mapping using GIS tools and remote sensing

Nowadays, modern agriculture has benefited from Precision Agriculture (PA) through incorporation of technological advances like the use of GIS (Geographic Information Systems), RS (Remote Sensing), GPS (Global Positioning System) and advanced information processing. Based on the GIS, RS and GPS, a study was conducted to develop a cropland map using GIS and remotely sensed unsupervised algorithm for suitability analysis of paddy harvester. The research was carried out at four selected locations such as Kulbaria-Baratia, Mundopasha, Charwapda, and Holdibaria villages of Dumuria, Wazirpur, Subarnachar and Kalapara upazilas of Khulna, Barishal, Noakhali Patuakhali districts, respectively in the southern Bangladesh. The satellite images for GIS mapping were captured at vegetation stage of Boro-2018 and Aman-2018 during March-April and October-November. Technical performances of reaper and combine harvester were used to determine the required number harvester based on the estimated cultivated area found through GIS maps. The calculated required number of a) reaper, b) mini combine and c) medium combine to cover the estimated paddy area are a) 17 and 16, 1 and 5, 38 and 127, 6 and 21, b) 35 and 32, 3 and 10, 76 and 254, 13 and, 42 and c) 10 and 9, 1 and 3, 21 and 72, 4, and 12 during Boro and Aman seasons at Kulbaria-Baratia, Mundopasha, Charwabda and Holdibaria of Dumuria, Wazirpur, Subarnachar and Kalapara upazilas, respectively. The estimated results revealed that GIS tools and remote sensing are helping in simplification and visualization by incorporating data sets which can supports decision making for the implementation of paddy harvesting technologies in order to ensure the proper agricultural mechanization. Based on the accuracy assessment, GIS tool is found very useful to assess area to be harvested mechanically with specific type and number of harvester. It can be considered for formulating mechanized harvesting policy through further research in other areas.

IoT-Enabled Water Distribution Systems—A Comparative Technological Review

Water distribution systems are one of the critical infrastructures and major assets of the water utility in a nation. The infrastructure of the distribution systems consists of resources, treatment plants, reservoirs, distribution lines, and consumers. A sustainable water distribution network management has to take care of accessibility, quality, quantity, and reliability of water. As water is becoming a depleting resource for the coming decades, the regulation and accounting of the water in terms of the above four parameters is a critical task. There have been many efforts towards the establishment of a monitoring and controlling framework, capable of automating various stages of the water distribution processes. The current trending technologies such as Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have the potential to track this spatially varying network to collect, process, and analyze the water distribution network attributes and events. In this work, we investigate the role and scope of the IoT technologies in different stages of the water distribution systems. Our survey covers the state-of-the-art monitoring and control systems for the water distribution networks, and the status of IoT architectures for water distribution networks. We explore the existing water distribution systems, providing the necessary background information on the current status. This work also presents an IoT Architecture for Intelligent Water Networks - IoTA4IWNet, for real-time monitoring and control of water distribution networks. We believe that to build a robust water distribution network, these components need to be designed and implemented effectively.

Next Generation Cognition-Aware Hearing Aid Devices With Microwave Sensors: Opportunities and Challenges

The strong association between hearing loss and cognitive decline has developed into a major health challenge that calls for early detection, diagnosis and prevention. Hearing loss usually results in severe health implications that include loss of mobility, communication problems and cognitive decline. This study provides an overview of the effects of hearing loss on cognition and progressive neurological disorders with a discussion on the future scope of microwave portable technologies in care homes arrangement. Moreover, the efficacy of hearing aids in reversing cognitive decline and dementia has been investigated. The interconnection between hearing loss, cognitive load and neurodegeneration is also explored. Furthermore, this study looks into the prospects of using portable microwave sensors for the detection and monitoring of cognitive load. For early detection of dementia, this study proposes the integration of microwave sensors with hearing aid devices. Implications and design challenges of portable antenna systems for neurodegeneration detection have also been considered. Future improvement areas regarding robust analysis and diagnosis, system accuracy and security, user-centricity and device privacy for a broader clinical implementation are also discussed.

Judicial Evaluation of Data from Artificial Intelligence Systems and Other Innovative Technologies in Transport

The expansion of the scope of innovative technologies and the spread of digital solutions determine one of the directions of modern development of transport engineering. However, technological changes taking place in the context of transport development, with the complication of communication links and vehicles used by humans, basically form the risk of prejudice that needs to be overcome during the judicial evaluation of data generated by innovative technologies. On the one hand, in the conditions of active technological expansion, the national procedure for carrying out procedural activities is subject to evolution in the field of ensuring electronic record keeping, information openness, providing participants with access to justice and information means of proof. On the other hand, the information technologies used in the basis of transport engineering are rarely researched in science from the standpoint of analyzing the evidentiary value of the data generated by them. There are no solutions to such issues as the philosophical grounds for the truth of such data, their compliance with the model of proof, ensuring a balance between the rule of law and respect for individual interests (trade secrets), determining guilt in the case of a traffic accident, etc. This article is devoted to the analysis of problems arising during judicial evaluation of data generated by innovative technologies in transport. Based on such methods of scientific analysis as dialectical, logical, comparative, predictive and interpretation, conclusions are drawn that the data generated by innovative technologies in transport are objective, but do not meet the criterion of truth for the purposes of cognition by the subject of demonstrating conclusively the circumstances of the incident. This circumstance predetermines the need to develop legal structures that expand the key concepts of evidentiary law, as well as an acceptable test for proving the specified information, the elements of which are presented in publication, taking into account the importance of preserving trade secrets.

Технология NOMA с кодовым разделением в 3GPP: 5G или 6G?

The article is devoted to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes with code division within 3GPP standardization. Various companies have proposed a great variety of NOMA schemes for 5G and 6G systems. The scope and main advantages of NOMA technology are briefly illustrated. The most popular varieties of code domain NOMA and their features are considered, their structure, prospects and implementation problems are analyzed.

The Optimization Method of Mechanical Fault Diagnosis Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology

In order to overcome the problems existing in the traditional mechanical fault diagnosis, and to improve the accuracy of mechanical fault diagnosis, an optimization method of mechanical fault diagnosis based on artificial intelligence technology is proposed in this paper. The optimization method combines a variety of current popular high and new technologies, such as artificial intelligence technology, expert system and artificial neural network technology. at the same time, the optimization method also breaks the traditional mechanical fault diagnosis mode based on fuzzy set theory. Based on this, the optimization method also makes an in-depth analysis and research on artificial intelligence technology, which promotes the application and development of artificial intelligence technology, and expands the application scope and application field of artificial intelligence technology. The research results show that the optimization method can scientifically overcome the problems existing in the traditional mechanical fault diagnosis, and can improve the accuracy and scientificalness in the process of mechanical fault diagnosis, so it has strong feasibility.

До 50-річчя Науково-виробничого підприємства «Електрон-Карат»

The article is dedicated to the Scientific Research Company “Electron-Carat”, which was founded in 1972 as the Lviv Research and Development Institute of Materials — the leading developer of the state-of-art materials. Nowadays, the SRC “Electron-Carat” is leading industrial institution of Ukrainian specialized on search, investigation, technological development and small-scale production of materials for functional electronics, in particular nano-, micro-, opto-, acoustic-, cryo-, magneto- and quantum electronics. The SRC “Electron-Carat” is a certified scientific organization included in the state register. Some of the company’s laboratories have been recognized as national heritage of Ukraine. The main scientific and technological scope of SRC “Electron-Carat” includes production of single-crystal epitaxial layers of complex oxides using the liquid-phase epitaxy method; production of epitaxial semiconductor structures based on A3B5 compounds by MOCVD and liquid-phase epitaxy methods; precision mechanical processing of single-crystal materials; vacuum deposition of metal and dielectric coatings; property research and parameter control of materials; production of silicon wafers; manufacture of electronic components based on ceramic and thick-film technologies.

TÜRKİYE VE BAE’DEKİ KİTLE FONLAMA PLATFORMLARINA YÖNELİK YASAL DÜZENLEMELERİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for economies in terms of their contributions to gross national product, employment, and innovation. Besides their contribution, the issue of financial inclusion of SMEs has not been solved yet. The unsatisfied needs of SMEs for financing and the improvements in the technological facilities lead to new financial solutions within the scope of financial technologies. Among them, crowdfunding comes into prominence with its enormous growth in the last decade. In this study, the current regulatory framework for the crowdfunding platforms in Turkey launched in 2019 has been analyzed comparatively with the regulation in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the most benchmarked jurisdiction in the Middle East and North Africa, in terms of the scope of the crowdfunding platforms, Shari’ah-compliance, the conditions for the entrepreneurs and the investors, and secondary markets. Based on the comparison, the findings imply that the legislative framework of the UAE is more flexible and less restrictive compared to that of Turkey. Although both regulations consist of the same type of conditions for the entrepreneurs and the investors, regulators in Turkey specify each condition with specific limits, while the regulators in UAE only define the types of conditions and charge the platforms with setting the limits and other details. It can be said that the second approach leads to a more competitive crowdfunding market in the UAE.

Bioactive content of six passion fruit genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil

Passion fruit production in Brazil is concentrated in tropical regions, however, recently production has expanded to regions with temperate climate. Cultivar performance in different climate and soil can lead to variation in the contents of bioactive compounds in the juice and rind of the fruit. This study characterized the bioactive content of passion fruit rind and juice of six passion fruit genotypes (‘Catarina Roxo’, ‘Catarina’, ‘Urussanga’, ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo’, ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’, and ‘BRS Sol do Cerrado’) cultivated in southern Brazil. Phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, carotenoid, and ascorbic acid contents and the antioxidant potential of each fruit portion from each genotype were evaluated. Fruit composition varied with genotype and evaluated tissue. Bioactive compound contents were greatest in the rind of ‘Urussanga’ and ‘Catarina’, whereas the juice of ‘BRS Sol do Cerrado’ and ‘Catarina Roxo’ had the greatest bioactive content. Given cultivar and tissue variability for bioactive content, postharvest use of passion fruit will determine the choice of cultivar to obtain a product with maximum bioactive compounds. Passion fruit genotypes evaluated in this study have shown to be potential sources of bioactive compounds. Fruit rind has the potential to be explored in the scientific and technological scope, due to its high amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity.

Measuring the quality of patents among Latin-American universities

ABSTRACT Patents are essential for university technology diffusion to society; however, patent quality in universities, especially in Latin America, has been poorly studied. We create a quality index for patents granted to regional universities by using patent quality variables as patent production, technical relevance, use of top knowledge, technological scope, cooperation, and internationalization. Results show that, on average, Brazilian universities had higher quality than their peers in other countries and that Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá occupies the first position of the ranking for 2016. The main contribution of this paper is to create the first Index for patent quality at universities in the region, and for what we know, the first country aggregated measure of patent quality for universities. This nobel measure is related to research quality in Scopus and Web of Science databases and can be used to complement international university rankings to measure a dimension not previously used by those rankings.

Usability and functional validation of artificial intelligence‐enabled technology services in dementia care using a controlled trial in clinical practice

AbstractBackgroundMany community settings lack emotional, social, and educational resources to support persons living with dementia (PLWD) and their families, which contribute to the stressors associated with caregiving, termed "caregiver load." This paper describes the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)‐enabled personalized assistive and decision support services on improving dementia care management and reducing caregiver load. We present a study that assesses AI’s usability and functionality in the outpatient setting and is built off of two prior pilots, with each pilot expanding in its scope of technology provided, target population, and caregiving needs.Objectives: The study’s primary outcome is the functionality and usability of AI services, collectively called NeuViCare, as measured by the System Usability Scale (SUS) from caregivers. Secondary outcomes include: 1) reduction in caregiver load as measured by Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale (OCBS); and 2) increase of caregivers’ knowledge as measured by Dementia knowledge assessment scale (DKAS).MethodsThis one‐arm, open‐labeled trial is recruiting ten patients with MOCA scores of less than 26 and impaired activities of daily living and their one designated caregiver. Caregivers must have a smartphone, tablet, or laptop to access NeuViCare and to utilize all four of its HIPAA and FHIR compliant services for three months: 1) Task‐Support Service 2) Resource Advisor 3) Community; and 4) Knowledge Advisor. Periodic touchpoints with caregiver participants are in place as a safety measure.ResultsThe first pilot’s target population was aides from a national home care agency. The survey‐study reported NeuViCare's user experience to be “very positive” and “easy to use”; the quality of its information to be “clear, concise and with good depth”; and, 3) its value to be “useful for less experienced caregivers”. The second pilot focused on family caregivers from Mumbai. This study showed that Knowledge Advisor provided 97% correct answers. This third pilot study targets informal caregivers, and we hypothesize that mean SUS scores will be significantly associated with reduced OCBS scores.ConclusionEffectiveness of AI technology in reducing caregiver load will lead to a scalable, cost‐effective solution that can be made available to caregivers everywhere.

The plan forward for EU DEMO

In the preparation for the Concept Design Phase and a new European Framework Programme starting in 2021, EUROfusion developed a DEMO project charter, consisting of updates to the project governance and the high level objectives, schedule and scope of work. This proposal, together with the more detailed proposals covering the scope of system design and technology R&D across the breadth of the DEMO project, forms the plan forward for DEMO and was submitted as input for approval to the first DEMO gate review (G1). Following the successful completion of the gate and the associated recommendations provided, the plan forward was modified accordingly. This paper details the principle elements of the implementation and organisation of the DEMO design and R&D activities in the Concept Design Phase.

Dairy Waste and Potential of Small-Scale Biogas Digester for Rural Energy in India

In order to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, related global warming and dependency on fossil fuels, it is crucial to promote the uses of renewable energy, and conversion of biomass and organic waste into energy sources. In many parts of the world, a substantial increase in efforts for the conversion of waste into energy is currently being observed. Specifically, biogas technology has been emphasized for the conversion of animal waste into biomethane/biogas because livestock waste is considered to be a substantial source of ambient greenhouse gases, causing climate change. While biogas technology, an anerobic process to convert livestock waste into biogas, is promoted in both developed and developing countries, this review article is focused on improving our existing understanding of small-scale biogas technology and relevance of this technology in rural environment of India. A thorough review research has been performed to gather the information on livestock population, manure production, and potential of biogas technology in India to provide a wholistic information. A summary of the financial supports facilitated by various agencies, the cost of biogas plants, potential uses, and potential challenges in the dissemination of biogas technology in India has been discussed in this study. We anticipate that the data and interpretation provided here will help in understanding the scope of biogas technology in India and will help in formulating the policies which will support the implementation of biogas technologies in developing countries.

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA INFORMASI SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG KINERJA STAF (Studi Deskriptif pada Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kota Pagaralam)

The objectives of this study are to: 1). Describe an overview of the use of information media in supporting the performance of staff at the Pagar Alam City Education and Culture Office. 2). Describe what office technologies have been used to support staff performance at the Pagar Alam City Education and Culture Office. 3). Describe the positive and negative impacts of the use of technology-based information media at the Pagar Alam City Education and Culture Office. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The type of method used in this research is a case study, this research seeks to explain and try to describe and study the use of information media as a support for staff performance at the Pagar Alam City Education and Culture Office. Subjects / respondents in this study were all employees / staff at the Education and Culture Office of Pagar Alam City. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, Focus Group Discussion and Documentation. The data collected in this study is data in qualitative form, so it uses qualitative data analysis. The results of the study contain a description of the use of information media in the scope of computer-based information technology in supporting staff / employee performance. Some of the advantages of using information media in the Pagar Alam Disdikbud office are: saving costs, saving time and effort, facilitating control and accuracy, facilitating supervision, producing better and tidier work, more information loaded, reducing boredom with manual methods, reduce employee fatigue

Knowledge Spillovers in ICT Industry of India: Evidence from the Firm’s Patent Citation Behavior

This study examines the knowledge spillovers in Indian Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry by foreign multinational corporations using patent citation data from 2013 to 2017. Patents granted by the US patent office to applicants located in India are collected along with their citation counts. In order to examine the subject, this study applies negative binomial regression analysis. The outcome of this study shows that foreign ICT firms cited more patents with higher technology scope as compared to patents with smaller technology scope. Results also confirm the positive relationship between knowledge spillovers and geographical localization. This implies that the first inventor of both cited and citing patents share the same geographical region. However, the result of technological similarities is negative. Further, US firms citing both US and non-US patents, and non-US firms are citing more non-US patents and lesser US patents. This reveals that the knowledge flow patterns of US and non-US firms are significantly different.

Recent Trends and Challenges in Human Resource Management

This paper analyses the various challenges and the most recent trends that have evolved in the Human Resource department in the past few years. The functionality of HR managers shifted from recruitment process to a whole new significant role, which includes recruiting, selecting, retaining, training of employees. Along with this a HR manager is supposed to deal with motivation, welfare, perks, remuneration, infringements, and incentives of employees. This paradigm shift can be attributed to globalization that brought goals to be achieved by the HR department. The changes in HR department are phenomenal and the outlook of HRM has drastically changed. Personnel department to HRM, limited role of an HR executive to a varied role of HR executive, a limited scope of HRM to multidimensional scope of HRM there has been a sea change in the approach in the recent past. One more factor that revolutionized the HR department is technology which brought a positive impact. This radical change due to technology in HR department includes outsourcing, long-distance working model, overseas recruitment, flexible timing, and work from home option and so on. Globalization changed the scope of HRM and technology changed the functionality and approach of HRM. Because of the influence of globalization and technology HR department had to adapt to the changing times and so the scope of HRM has increased.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosinase-targeting PROTACs

The human tyrosinase is the most prominent therapeutic target for pigmentary skin disorders. However, the overwhelming majority efforts have been devoted to search mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors, which show poor inhibitory activity on human tyrosinase and certain side effects that cause skin damage in practical application. Herein, a series of degraders that directly targeted human tyrosinase was firstly designed and synthesized based on newly developed PROTAC technology. The best PROTAC TD9 induced human tyrosinase degradation obviously in dose and time-dependent manner, and its mechanism of inducing tyrosinase degradation has also been clearly demonstrated. Besides, encouraging results that low-toxicity PROTAC TD9 was applied to reduce zebrafish melanin synthesis have been obtained, highlighting the potential to treatment of tyrosinase-related disorders. Moreover, this work has innovatively expanded the application scope of PROTAC technology and laid a solid foundation for further development of novel drugs treating pigmentary skin disorders.

Structural Analysis and Performance in a Dual‐Mechanism Conductive Filament Memristor (Adv. Electron. Mater. 10/2021)

Dual-Filament Model The relations between the performance and microstructure of the Cu/Ta2O5 RRAM device were investigated through electrical measurements and in-situ transmission electron microscopy by Wen-Wei Wu and colleagues in article 2100605. The dual-filament model was established by curve fitting the conduction mechanism and microstructure analysis. These results provide a novel material engineering approach and opens a unique perspective for tailoring RRAM devices, which broadens the scope of memory technology.

Frame mine structure for underground mining of thick ore bodies

The article describes the research results on the convergent technology for underground mining of thick ore bodies using a frame mine structure. The brand-new concept of the stability evaluation in anthropogenically altered rock mass uses the inter-disciplinary design solutions developed within the scope of nature-like convergent technologies. The nature-like convergent framing technology based on the modern deformation concepts ensures the highest stability of the load-bearing structures in mines. For the quantitative evaluation of the in-situ stress field variation in the course of mining, a new index is proposed – the influence factor. This index-based estimate shows that the strongest effect on the size of induced tensile strain zones in thick ore body mining is exerted by the mining systems with caving. The authors present the stress–strain analysis of the frame mine structure, the mechanism of tensile strain zones, and the level of deformation in enclosing rocks, ore and various-purpose pillars. The design and construction sequence of the new mine structure, as well as the related safety, eco-friendliness and efficiency of mining are demonstrated. A casestudy of stage-wise preparation and extraction of an ore site is presented, including the first stage of formation of artificial separation and protection pillars and the second stage of open stoping with borehole blasting by sections and using VRC.The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 19-17-00034.The authors highly appreciate participation of N. G. Vysotin, A. M. Yanbekov, S. S. Shermatova, M. A. Kosyreva, Ch. V. Khazhyylai, V. I. Leizer and E. D. Yakusheva from the Research Center for Applied Geomechanics and Convergent Technologies in Mining at the NUST MISIS College of Mining in this study.

Application of CAD Technology in Building Decoration Construction

With the rapid development of science and technology, the application scope of computer technology and related software is expanding, while improving the work efficiency of various industries, the quality of people’s work has also been greatly improved. In particular, as an important part of China’s economic development, the construction industry has gradually applied some new technical means, and achieved remarkable application results. CAD technology drawing can not only improve the standardization of scheme design, but also effectively shorten the time, which is of great significance to the improvement of construction quality. This paper focuses on the application of computer technology (CAD) in the construction of building decoration, and hopes to provide reference and suggestions for relevant personnel.