Scope Of Operations Research Articles

지방교육재정에서의 계속비 운영 실태 분석

The purpose of this study is to determine whether continuing expenditure, which has been expanding from 2021, contributes to the efficient operation of local educational finances. Therefore, this study analyzed the operation status of the continuing expenditure through the financial statements of each local educational offices from 2019 to 2022, derived problems, and explored ways for efficient operation.
 As a result of the study, direct comparison is difficult due to different classification and operation methods of projects subject to the continuing expenditure, but it has been confirmed that the total scale has has been expanding since 2019. Previously, continuing expenditure were mainly used for large-scale facility projects that were carried out over many years, but it was confirmed that the scale of continuing expenditure for small-scale repair-related school facility projects has increased recently. In addition, even if it is a multi-year project among school facilities, the application of continuing expenditure to the facility project, which was promoted by the total amount due to securing a budget, is increasing.
 Based on the above analysis results, problems were identified in the justification for introducing the continuing expenditure, interpretation of the scope of application, and operation and management. Accordingly, this study noted that in order for the continuing expenditure to operate efficiently, it is necessary to reexamine the selection of target projects and the operation, organization, and management methods of continuing expenditure.

THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN YEMEN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Due to the importance of the contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) towards development worldwide, researchers in different contexts have investigated the development of SMEs and how economic development can be driven forward by supporting the SME sector. However, when it comes to lower-income economies, literature is scant in investigating the performance and the development of the contribution of SMEs towards economic development in lower-income economies. Hence, the aim of this article is to explore the extent and status of small and medium enterprises in Yemen as a lower-income economy and how their performance varies according to their characteristics. The article adopts cross-sectional quantitative methodologies, it relies on primary data collected conveniently from 400 owners and managers of manufacturing SMEs in Yemen. Descriptive analysis is used to explore the extent of SMEs' performance, and further, variance analysis using Independent Sample t-test and One Way ANOVA in order to explore the variance in the performance according to the variance of enterprise characteristics. The findings indicated a low extent of business performance among manufacturing SMEs, where the mean score of the overall extent ranges from 4.94 to 5.06 out of 7. Further, The result of running One Way ANOVA revealed that the scope of operation, age, and position of managers, in addition to owning a share of enterprises, significantly contribute to the variance in the business performance among manufacturing SMEs (P < 0.05). These results can benefit the managers and owners of SMEs in Yemen and other similar economies by focusing on the extent of performance that their management can target. The implication of this research is summarized by discussing the performance of SMEs in lower-income economies to draw the attention of authors and scholars toward investigating the role and contribution of SMEs in economic development and welfare in lower-income economies.

LIFE INSURANCE DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA (2000-2022)

This research looked at the development of life insurance and economic growth using Nigeria as a case study from 2000 to 2022. Specifically, the authors examined the causal relationship between life insurance development and economic growth, analyzed the effect of life insurance penetration and life insurance density on real GDP growth rate. Data used for the study were collected from sources including the World Development Indicator database, Global Financial Development Indicator database, NIA digest database, and Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. Granger causality test and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integration were used in the investigation approach. The granger causality test result indicated that there is no causal connection between Nigeria's economic growth and the development of life insurance. According to ARDL estimate results, life insurance density and penetration had a negligible positive effect on the real GDP growth rate. Hence, this study established that life insurance development is yet to contribute to economic growth in Nigeria, due mainly to its low level and mode of operations. Therefore, this study recommended among others that life insurance institutions should also increase their scope of operations to be directly involved in business investments other than financial market investment to enhance their level of significance in the growth process of Nigeria.

Handover mechanisms in VMC systems: Evaluating the reliability of V2X as an alternative to fiber networks in handover areas

Despite advances in communication ways in autonomous driving, including Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication (V2V), Vehicle-to-Everything Communication (V2X) and Vehicular Micro-clouds (VMC). In this paper, the potential of V2X as a substitution for the artificial connections (mainly optical-fiber cables) between base stations and edge servers are discussed. The quality and latency of communication in Handshake--referring to the scenario of cars moving from one stations operation scope to another ones, is mainly concerned, within the frame of VMC. Additionally, the communication performance, referring to latency performance and data rate performance, for both pure V2X and a combination of LTE and V2X are simulated and analyzed using a Python simulator. Finally, the test results showed that the performance of pure V2X Communication is always superior compared with any combination in every categories as the density of cars gradually increase, which confirms that replace physical inter-station-cables as V2X communication is serious possibility.

Regulation of oxygen balance in the process of synthesis of explosives

The role of explosives in the modern world is immeasurable, both in wartime and in peacetime. Accordingly, the optimization of their main blasting characteristics is of great importance, such as, detonation speed, workability, brisance, etc. They include the quantitative ratio of the chemical elements that make up these substances and its influence on the energy and ecology of the explosion, which It is defined by ,,oxygen balance’’.
 Generally, the elemental composition and ,,architecture’’ of the molecules of substances, i.e. chemical structure, are the main determining factors of their physico-chemical characteristics. The same reasoning applies to explosives: basically, these two factors are the determinants of the energy of the explosion.
 The article is about the possibilities of approaching zero oxygen balance in the process of synthesis of explosives. Examples of well-known poly nitro aromatic compounds and transformation products synthesized by us from them – CT compounds are discussed, as well as formulas of compounds with zero oxygen balance unknown in the literature and the procedure for their composition. It can be said with convinction that the specificity of organic synthesis and a wide scope of operation allow purposeful creation of explosive substances with zero oxygen balance. The article proposes the possibility of creating two such real methodologies.

Contextual Intelligence and Strategic Leadership of Telecommunication Companies in the South-South Region of Nigeria

The expansion of the operational scope of a business informs the need to exercise diligence and sensitivity to the nature and demands of the operational contexts both local and international. Hence, the investigation into the influence of contextual intelligence on strategic leadership of telecommunication companies in the south-south region of Nigeria with foci on Rivers and Akwa Ibom States. Quantitative and correlational design was adopted. Four (4) telecommunication companies viz: MTN, Airtel, Globacom and 9Mobile selected based on their subscribers’ base and market share standing out of nine (9) major ones listed in the methodology constituted the population. Sixty nine (69) copies of the questionnaire accounting for 93% response rate were fully completed and used in the study out of seventy four (74) copies administered to senior staff and above obtained using Taro Yamene’s sample size determination technique from a population of ninety (90) respondents. Primary data were obtained from questionnaire. The findings showed that the four (4) hypotheses formulated around the dimensions of contextual intelligence comprising tacit-based knowledge, synchronicity and time orientations have significant influences on measures of strategic leadership made up of strategic direction and balanced organisational controls. The conclusion showed that contextual intelligence significantly influences strategic leadership of telecommunication companies in Rivers and Akwa Ibom States of the South-South region of Nigeria. The managements of telecommunication companies in these two States of South-South region of Nigeria were recommended to leverage contextual intelligence to better and enhance strategic leadership in their respective operational contexts.

The Relationship between Leadership Style and Corporate Financial Compensation to Employee Job Satisfaction

The study aims to determine the effect of leadership style and financial compensation on job satisfaction of employees of PT Astra International TBK Toyota Sales Operation (Auto2000) Pasteur Bandung. The population in this study were all employees within the scope of PT Astra international TBK Toyota Sales Operation (Auto2000) Pasteur Bandung as many as 80 people. Data collection is done by using observation, documentation, interview, and questionnaire methods. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis and Multiple Correlation Coefficient Analysis and Coefficient of Determination Analysis using the IBM Statistical for Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 21 program. The results of this study indicate that the two independent variables, namely Leadership Style (X1) and Financial Compensation (X2) have a relationship or influence individually or partially and a relationship together or simultaneously on the dependent variable, namely Job Satisfaction. The correlation coefficient of 0.978 is in the interval 0.91-0.99 which indicates the strength of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is very strongly correlated. The coefficient of determination of 0.965 shows that the independent variable to predict the dependent variable is 96.5%, the remaining 4.4% is influenced by other factors.

Directing classical geotechnical engineering to future challenges

Geotechnical engineers have traditionally been focused on soil mechanics, rock mechanics and engineering geology. Thus it has been sufficient to master these topics to be recognized as a key participant in building and civil engineering projects. However, gradually concerns within both projects themselves and societies more generally are shifting towards new questions and challenges. Therefore, ensuring that geotechnical engineers remain central to all relevant projects, there is a need to master increasingly different and new ways of working together, obtaining new skills and increasing professionally pertinent knowledge and experience. This paper will give an overview of the issues geotechnical engineers have to address and master, if they are to take a lead in projects that seek to meet future challenges. This is really about working in a multi-disciplinary environment, using relevant technical methods without losing specifically engineering judgement, and then using open-minded communication skills to question previous practices that can proceed to find solutions to those future challenges identified. How is this to be done successfully within the profession? This paper offers some ideas. All professionals, and geotechnical engineers cannot be an exception, want to influence and contribute to solving current and future challenges, and thus we need to expand our knowledge awareness. The list of topics where we need to develop our knowledge is rather lengthy and include environmental considerations, contracts, law, conceptualisations of sustainability, robustness, monitoring, digitalisation, standardisation, and climate change. This paper will highlight two examples where geotechnical engineers with increased knowledge sensitivity and skills could make a significant contribution. First, there is an example from Göteborg about limiting a project impact within its zone of influence. Designing the geotechnical structure itself is only the first step, for in addition there is a need to control the building process, have sufficient monitoring, handling the expectations of society while ensuring recognition and use of a particular professional scope of operation. The other example concerns the re-use of material in our embankments to limit transportation. Which criteria should be used to determine the suitability of materials for re-use? How can we cope with societal reactions? Finally, the paper will discuss how geotechnical engineers, by combining geotechnical knowledge with new skills, can contribute with a sustainability foundation involving both relevant concepts and principles looking forward.

On The Use of Dots in Principia Mathematica

Abstract: The distinctive squared dots in Principia Mathematica have two uses, to replace parentheses or brackets to indicate the scope of connectives and operators as well as to symbolize the sentential connective “and”. The explanation of the use of dots in the Introduction shows that the punctuation dots express conjunction by symbolizing the juxtaposition of formulas, following Peano, and so they are always used as punctuation. This paper thus supports Turing’s assertion that conjunction in Principia is expressed by juxtaposition.This analysis avoids Curry’s proposal that an “auxiliary” connective for conjunction should be involved in interpreting the dot notation.

지방자치단체 학교복합시설 지속적 도입을 위한 운영과 활용 실태에 관한 고찰

As a blueprint for improving the Q of people's lives, we are expanding the connection between SOC and school facility complex, and utilizing school complex facilities to supplement social problems such as low birth rate and private education expenses, we are operating an after-school “care school” for AIDS and “Green Smart Future School” It is becoming a government-wide effort. The ultimate question for offices of education and local governments that are currently expanding school complex facilities is whether they should be aware of the national defense and operating entity, authority and responsibility, sub-components, and financial support of school complex facilities. As the operational subject of the law, major issues related to school complex facilities are being improved, including the proportion of project costs, facility plans and hardware functions, operation methods, ownership and operating rights, and financial resources.
 In this study, the exclusive scope of operation is desired in order to remotely cover the background of the school complex facility and the operation cases of the school complex facility as follows.
 First, in order to demonstrate the characteristics of a school complex facility, the establishment of a vision and mission that presupposes the consistency and sustainability of feasible goals and projects must be established first. Second, manpower with sufficient professional knowledge and experience must be ensured in the deployment of public officials suitable for school complex facilities and in the operation of curriculum and programs. Third, when installing a school complex, it is necessary to secure interconnectivity considering environmental necessity, characteristics of the community, analysis of residents' needs and demands, and space utilization. Fourth, since school complex facilities are facilities used by all generations and have various functions such as resident convenience, welfare, and education, clear standards and priorities for operation, and selection and concentration of the operation process are required. Fifth, the physical conditions for reviewing facility characteristics from the planning stage were improved, and related organizations proposed active cooperation as equals.

Factors Affecting Customer's Viewpoint of AI Enabled Services in India's Banking Sector

The banking industry has undergone a significant transformation as a consequence of the increasing emphasis that has been placed on meeting the expectations of clients. Customers who have a solid grasp of technology and who routinely interact with cutting-edge developments assume that banks will provide experiences that are straightforward and easy. In order to facilitate activities such as the use of “digital currency, electronic banking, and the transfer of physical cash”, financial institutions have extended their scope of operations to include the retail, information technology & telecommunications industries. Users have profited from the ease of being able to access banking services around the clock as a consequence of these developments; nonetheless, the financial system has also been badly impacted as a result of these innovations. In addition to this, the research explores the positive & negative factors that are related with the use of artificial intelligence technology in the banking sector of India. The purpose of this research is to provide a descriptive analysis of the implementation of “Artificial Intelligence (AI)” in the financial services sector and the influence that it has on interactions with clients. A total of 197 customers from public & private banks in Gujarat participated in the research project by filling out a questionnaire and providing their data. This was done in order to understand their perspectives & experiences.

Joint Object Detection and Re-Identification for 3D Obstacle Multi-Camera Systems

The growing on-board processing capabilities have led to more complex sensor configurations, enabling autonomous car prototypes to expand their operational scope. Nowadays, the joint use of LiDAR data and multiple cameras is almost a standard and poses new challenges for existing multi-modal perception pipelines, such as dealing with contradictory or redundant detections caused by inference on overlapping images. In this paper, we address this last issue in the context of sequential schemes like F-PointNets, where object candidates are obtained in the image space, and the final 3D bounding box is then inferred from point cloud information. To this end, we propose the inclusion of a re-identification branch into the 2D detector, i.e., Faster R-CNN, so that objects seen from adjacent cameras can be handled before the 3D box estimation takes place, removing duplicates and completing the object’s cloud. Extensive experimental evaluations covering both the 2D and 3D domains affirm the effectiveness of the suggested methodology. The findings indicate that our approach outperforms conventional Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) methods. Particularly, we observed a significant gain of over 5% in terms of accuracy for cars in camera overlap regions. These results highlight the potential of our upgraded detection and re-identification system in practical scenarios for autonomous driving.

Design and analysis of marine permanent magnet synchronous motor based on Motor-cad

In the marine electric propulsion system, the motor is an important part to ensure safe navigation, which should have the characteristics of low noise, low vibration, high performance protection level, etc. The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has the advantages of rapid dynamic response, stable operation, strong overload capacity, high efficiency and small size, which is especially suitable for electric propulsion systems in marine environments. According to the performance requirements of marine motors and the permanent magnet synchronous motor structural characteristics, an electromagnetic design and simulation of a 120kW marine permanent magnet synchronous motor is completed in this paper. Meanwhile, the stator skewed slot is used to reduce the amplitude of harmonic distortion and the additional torque caused by tooth harmonic. At same time, the rotor structure with U-shaped magnetic steel groove is used to enhance the density of power and overload capacity of the motor, expand the scope of motor constant power operation effectively. A prototype with high efficiency, reliability and a small volume has been developed. According to the simulation results, the marine permanent magnet synchronous motor designed in this paper fully meets the design requirements.

Typology of Metaphor Transfer Techniques (German Translation of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s ‘The Gulag Archipelago’)

In this article, we propose an original typology of metaphor transfer techniques based on the analysis of domestic and foreign translation theorists’ experience. The relevance of the study lies in the need to review existing classifications of techniques, unify terminology, identify principles of systematization, and clarify the scope and content of translation operations. The novelty of the research lies in the description of a new developed typology, which structures techniques according to types based on the principle of preserving the original figurative basis, and subtypes depending on the method of transferring form and content, as well as reproducing extralinguistic components. The methodological basis of the study is classification, as well as a comparative analysis of original metaphors and their translations, conducted with the support of a definitional analysis of metaphorically used lexical units, contextual and component types of analysis. The application of the typology on the German translation of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s ‘The Gulag Archipelago’ (A. Peturnig, 1974), accompanied by translation commentaries, has shown that all examined techniques have the potential to ensure a high degree of adequacy in translation, with the core being the reproduction of pragmatic effect and successful implementation of communicative tasks.

Towards green banking

The purpose of the study is to present, using the method of critical analysis of the literature, the selected issues accompanying the phenomenon of so-called "green banking". Green banking includes two main aspects. Internally, it manifests itself as an effort to make the operation of banks environmentally neutral. In the external aspect, i.e. the scope of banks' operation in the market, the idea of green banking is used in the selection of assets in which banks financially engage. As a result, banking institutions are becoming an important instrument for transmitting environmental policy impulses to the economy, particularly by excluding the financing of some traditional industries such as the fossil fuel industry. While the goal of climate protection itself is understandable, the manner and pace of pursuing it is no longer necessarily so. On the one hand, banks succumbing to political and social pressure are imposing pro-environmental missions on themselves, including a rapid shift away from financing the fossil fuel industry. On the other hand, such an approach results in a feedback mechanism through which the likelihood of the creation of so-called stranded assets in the financial system increases, i.e. the loss of value of bank assets previously involved in and linked to environmentally damaging industries. The magnitude of the impact of this phenomenon on the stability of the financial system is difficult to estimate, as its negative effects will not only directly affect the funds involved in certain industries but will also cause the price of commodities and thus of derivatives based on them or related to them to become unstable.

Photoelectrochemical immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen based on hollow In2O3/In2S3 nanocolumn

AbstractThis work presents a split‐type photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay platform for ultrasensitive determination carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using In2O3/In2S3 nanocolumn as the photoactive matrix. Initially, In2O3/In2S3 nanocolumn with high photocurrent response was obtained by vulcanizing metal‐organic framework‐derived hollow In2O3 nanomaterials for surface modification. Subsequently, sandwich immunoreactions were conducted utilizing an alkaline phosphatase‐labeled secondary antibody that served as a signal pointer. A large amount of ascorbic acid was produced by the biocatalytic reaction, which enhanced the anodic photocurrent of the In2O3/In2S3 nanocolumn‐modified electrode. Under optimized conditions, the In2O3/In2S3 nanocolumn‐based PEC immunoassay exhibited a promising photocurrent response to the target CEA in the operational scope of 0.02 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 8.4 pg/mL. Benefiting from the excellent photoelectrochemical response of In2O3/In2S3 nanocolumn to ascorbic acid and the separated detection operation, the constructed PEC immunosensing platform has the advantages of great precision and strong anti‐jamming capability, and the detection results are comparable to those of commercial ELISA kits. Collectively, this study not only offered an efficacious semiconducting surface modification strategy to enhance photocurrent response activity, but also offered a novel thought for the sensitive measurement of a marker of cancer.

The “milky ways”: emerging sustainable business models for sustainable value creation in the dairy industry

PurposeThis study aims to analyse the components of sustainable business models (SBMs) in the dairy industry, in relation to firm-relevant organisational features (size, ownership structure and production process) and through the lenses of the business model framework and the sustainable value exchange matrix (SVEM). This contribution proposes a taxonomy of emerging SBMs and sustainable value creation in the dairy industry.Design/methodology/approachThis research makes use of a multiple case study approach, with cases selected in collaboration with industry experts. The selected firms are highly committed to sustainability transition. Results are drawn from qualitative data obtained from in-depth interviews and secondary sources. The interpretation phases, initially based on open coding, have been enriched by applying the components of business models (BMs) frameworks and the SVEM, and the analyses have been enhanced through an additional interpretative workshop with experts.FindingsThe authors related the BMs characteristics of some typical dairy firms transitioning to sustainability, using SBM components and taxonomies emerging in the literature, based on the formalisation of sustainability practices, the scope of operations, and the degree of integration of the three dimensions of sustainable value. These findings led to the discovery of three types of SBM in this dairy industry, referred to as “Milky Ways”.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the scant literature on sustainability in dairy firms, highlighting the different paths followed by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), cooperatives and large companies in remoulding their business models towards sustainability and thus achieving sustainable value creation.

The impact of supply chain disruptions on the opportunity costs of road transport companies in Poland. A case study

The mission of many businesses around the world is to strive for continuous growth in their operations, thereby increasing their operability and profits generated. There are at least several ways to do this - from increasing the scope of a company's operations to looking for weak links within the company, thus optimising the costs incurred. It so happens, however, that it is not internal conditions that shape the business entity, but external influences over which one does not always have control. It then remains to adapt to the new reality and, as far as possible, reduce its negative impact. The aim of the study was to analyse the disruptions created within supply chains and their impact on the transport company. The problem discussed referred to the issue of opportunity cost - in particular the cost of lost opportunities and benefits, in order to then propose changes and actions to reduce the adverse effects from external influences. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that disruptions in supply chains affect companies' opportunity costs (1). By identifying and analysing disruptions, several options for minimising opportunity costs can be identified (2). Considering the disruptions in supply chains under the impact of the global crises, the following are cited as the most relevant: disruptions related to on-time delivery, limited opportunities to hire new drivers and opportunities to acquire a new set of vehicles (3). These disruptions prevented the surveyed entity from expanding its operations and thus impacted on its opportunity costs.

UN Peacekeeping in Africa: Nature, Scope and Development

The hybrid nature and scope of contemporary conflicts, the terrorism threat, and the dramatic increase in competition for resources, global militarization and security challenges in Africa do not only carry the risk of state collapse, but have conditioned concerted efforts by national, regional and international actors to protect human rights and remedy the humanitarian situation. In many ways, the African continent with its unique and diverse nature of conflicts has become a platform for the renewal of the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping through the development of new operational and normative practices and strategies that, as a distinctive feature of the UN missions in the African continent, have gradually moved from the status of innovations to the category of quite commonplace global practice. This article attempts to assess UN peacekeeping in Africa from the 1960s till 2022. The authors examine the characteristics, nature and scope of peacekeeping operations (PKOs) as well as strategies for transforming peacekeeping mandates. Using a problem-chronological approach, comparative analysis and quantitative assessments of the UN peacekeeping missions, the formats of cooperation with regional organizations (the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)), gender composition of the UN missions, in particular, the authors come to the natural conclusion that the number of the UN peacekeeping operations and political missions in Africa remains high and their mandates have expanded and become more complex with increased activity of the leading world powers. The authors conclude that stabilization and conflict resolution in Africa will greatly depend on effective cooperation between the UN and regional organizations, as well as on the UN reforms and its ability to adapt rapidly to changing conflict scenarios in each African state.

Effectiveness of Special Economic Zones as a Strategy for Economic Development in Sri Lanka

Economic development is the ultimate destination of human civilization commenced with subsistence agriculture to globally industrialized output, served with artificial intelligence-based services, for the purpose of enhancing standards of living. Uneven distribution of resources in the globe was mapped with an economic intention as in the form of investments to accomplish desired economic development goals in given geographical boundaries without claiming against the natural realities. Nations, governments, and business partners designed deliberate gatherings with respect to clearly defined boundaries as various forms of zones to undertake economic, socio cultural, technological and political paradigms in the long run. The main objectives of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness of special economic zones as a strategy for economic development in Sri Lanka. In addition, it is expected to explore the evolution and scattering of special economic zones in the Asia, to identify the role of special economic zones in Sri Lanka and to investigate challenges and prospects of promoting special economic zones in Sri Lanka. The study is purely based on secondary data and qualitative analytical approach is used to derive conclusions. Investment attempts by Sri Lanka after trade liberalization broaden the scope of industrialization as it led towards novel experience to both production and consumption while making sensible structural changes. Export Processing Zones transferred villages to cities not only adding value to the gross domestic product but also to human lives. The portfolio of especial economic zones of Sri Lanka was expanded with the time but within limited scope of operation. Corruptions, delays, cost inefficiencies and policy mismatch are key challenges for Sri Lanka to overwhelm, in order to attract foreign direct investments. However unmatchable locational advantage, resource endowment, literacy as well as upcoming investment zones like Port-City are the core prospects to position demand for foreign direct investments in the region.