Academic Scientists Research Articles

The Great Resignation III

The Great Resignation III

Disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 on marginalized and minoritized early-career academic scientists.

Early research on the impact of COVID-19 on academic scientists suggests that disruptions to research, teaching, and daily work life are not experienced equally. However, this work has overwhelmingly focused on experiences of women and parents, with limited attention to the disproportionate impact on academic work by race, disability status, sexual identity, first-generation status, and academic career stage. Using a stratified random survey sample of early-career academics in four science disciplines (N = 3,277), we investigated socio-demographic and career stage differences in the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic along seven work outcomes: changes in four work areas (research progress, workload, concern about career advancement, support from mentors) and work disruptions due to three COVID-19 related life challenges (physical health, mental health, and caretaking). Our analyses examined patterns across career stages as well as separately for doctoral students and for postdocs/assistant professors. Overall, our results indicate that scientists from marginalized (i.e., devalued) and minoritized (i.e., underrepresented) groups across early career stages reported more negative work outcomes as a result of COVID-19. However, there were notable patterns of differences depending on the socio-demographic identities examined. Those with a physical or mental disability were negatively impacted on all seven work outcomes. Women, primary caregivers, underrepresented racial minorities, sexual minorities, and first-generation scholars reported more negative experiences across several outcomes such as increased disruptions due to physical health symptoms and additional caretaking compared to more privileged counterparts. Doctoral students reported more work disruptions from life challenges than other early-career scholars, especially those related to health problems, while assistant professors reported more negative changes in areas such as decreased research progress and increased workload. These findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately harmed work outcomes for minoritized and marginalized early-career scholars. Institutional interventions are required to address these inequalities in an effort to retain diverse cohorts in academic science.

Managing Knowledge and Identity across the Boundary of Academic and Commercial Science

In the last few decades, institutions of higher learning are being transformed from ivory towers to become engines of regional and national economic development and ‘knowledge businesses’ increasingly focused on producing commercial products for private industry. The role of academics is rapidly shifting as many in the professoriate are becoming ‘captured’ by an ethos of commercialization as they rush to bring the product of their research to the marketplace. Critics of the entrepreneurial paradigm see academics as promoters as well as victims of commercialisation who internalize the pursuit of profit and value of money under the academic capitalist knowledge regime. While some academic researchers have enthusiastically embraced the transformation in the relationship between science and business, and between the academy and industry, many remain firmly committed to academic science, disinterested in pursuing commercial opportunities. Yet, others choose a middle ground and straddle the academic and commercial boundary. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the role of identity to influence how academic scientists manage the boundary between the world of academic science and commercial science. Drawing from a large sample of Canadian university academic researchers in the applied sciences (n=379), four distinct categories of academic scientists are identified: Type I: Traditional academics who view the realm of academic science and commercial science as distinct and choose to position themselves strictly as academic scientists; Type II: Pragmatic academic hybrids who view academic and commercial science as distinct but decide to strategically pursue industrial links to acquire resources that support their research; Type III: Collaborative academic hybrids who believe in the paramountcy of academic and industry collaborations for the advancement of science; and Type IV: Academic entrepreneurs who abide in the fundamental importance of academic-industry links for application and for commercial exploitation. Results suggest that our researcher categories are further differentiated with respect to the strength of their collaborations with industry, their program of research, the extent of their industry experience, the degree of financial support they receive from industry, the size of their research laboratory, and by their scientific publications and the number of patents and licenses they hold from their research.

The Great Resignation II

The Great Resignation II

Preface

We are so pleased to welcome you to 2022 9th International Conference on Coastal and Ocean Engineering (ICCOE 2022) which was supposed to be held during April 8-10, 2022, Sophia University, Tokyo. While most countries have travel restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the situation is still unpredictable around the world. Taking all conditions into consideration, conference committees made a tough decision to change physical conference into virtual format. Conference participants cannot attend the conference venue and make oral presentations, so it is feasible to have virtual reports and speeches. The conference was co-organized by Sophia University with local organizer location 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda City, Tokyo, Japan.We used zoom application which made virtual format conference smoothly. Participants come from different countries including China, USA, Japan, Malaysia, Viet Nam, Norway, Thailand, UK, Greece, Ireland, Philippines, India, Chile, Mexico, and so on.ICCOE 2022 was dedicated to issues related to Coastal and Ocean Engineering. The major goal and feature of the conference was to bring academic scientists, engineers and industry researchers together to exchange and share their experiences and research results, and discuss the practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted.List of Committees, Statement of Peer Review are available in this pdf.

The sense of meaninglessness in bureaucratized science.

Looking at scientists (in the life sciences), we focus on the sense of meaninglessness associated with bureaucratization. We define the sense of meaninglessness as a perception of meaning deficit or meaning conflict in particular situations that can be associated with frustration, irritation, and/or boredom. We show that it can be caused by identity disturbance - particularly the incongruence between the ideal self as a researcher and the imposed self as a bureaucrat. We claim that the sense of meaninglessness is more likely to emerge in those activities that are further from an individual's core identity, and more identity work is needed to make them meaningful. We also claim that processes of rationalization imposed by external agendas, particularly transitions from substantive to formal rationality (predictability, control and calculability, efficiency) contribute to the proliferation of meaninglessness in academia. The sense of meaninglessness is, therefore, ignited by the external forces colonizing academic life and constitutes an instance of the 'irrationality of rationality'. It is an outcome or side effect of the collision between two incompatible logics of practice: bureaucratic and scientific. To show the incongruence of those competing logics, we analyze the data derived from a mixed-method study conducted between 2013 and 2014 among beneficiaries of an international research grant project. As a supplementary source of reference, we use our research on academic boredom and laboratory scientists' work and careers.

Application of bioreactor technology for cell culture-based viral vaccine production: Present status and future prospects

Bioreactors are widely used in cell culture-based viral vaccine production, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this context, the development and application of bioreactors can provide more efficient and cost-effective vaccine production to meet the global vaccine demand. The production of viral vaccines is inseparable from the development of upstream biological processes. In particular, exploration at the laboratory-scale is urgently required for further development. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the existing upstream biological processes, to enable the selection of pilot-scale conditions for academic and industrial scientists to maximize the yield and quality of vaccine development and production. Reviewing methods for optimizing the upstream process of virus vaccine production, this review discusses the bioreactor concepts, significant parameters and operational strategies related to large-scale amplification of virus. On this basis, a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the various process optimization methods for the production of various viruses (SARS-CoV-2, Influenza virus, Tropical virus, Enterovirus, Rabies virus) in bioreactors is presented. Meanwhile, the types of viral vaccines are briefly introduced, and the established animal cell lines for vaccine production are described. In addition, it is emphasized that the co-development of bioreactor and computational biology is urgently needed to meet the challenges posed by the differences in upstream production scales between the laboratory and industry.

Preface

5th International Conference on Robotic Automation System 2021 (ICORAS 2021), took place at the University College TATI (UC TATI) on 25th & 26th of October 2021. UC TATI is located in the east coast of Malaysia, Kemaman, Terengganu. ICORAS is a regular scientific meeting that is held biyearly since 2011. ICORAS 2021 aims to bring together academic scientists, researchers, technologists, research scholars, and also undergraduate & postgraduate students to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of electronics, biomedical engineering, internet of things (IoT), communication networks, artificial intelligence, soft computing and related areas through a virtual presentation using Zoom. Due to the impact of COVID-19, with travel restrictions, we organized this conference in virtual mode using Zoom.During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including keynote speeches, invited speeches and oral presentations. There were 6 invited speakers from academic and industrial backgrounds; Prof. Tariq Muneer (Edinburgh Napier University,UK), Prof.Dr. Kamal Zuhairi Zamli (University Malaysia Pahang), Prof Dr. Lim Chee Peng (Deakin University, Australia), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Siti Hamidah ((Malaysia-Japan International Institute Of Technology)),Dato Rozana Saad (Venator Asia Sdn.Bhd) and Kamarul Effendy (Proton Malaysia). Each invited speaker has been given 30 minutes including a question and answers session.The International Conference on Robotic Automation System 2021 (ICORAS 2021) Committee are available in this Pdf.

Organizing for Inter- & Transdisciplinary Collaboration in Science: The Role of Autonomy vs. Control

Academic scientists are increasingly expected to conduct their research in an open and collaborative manner, crossing disciplinary, organizational, and even functional boundaries to increase the productivity and impact of their research. Yet, such inter- and transdisciplinary collaborations bear multiple risks for the scientists involved including career threats in case projects fail or get delayed. At the same time, a progressive trend toward managerialism in scientific research organizations such as universities or research institutes is enmeshing organizational priorities with individual researchers' agendas and workflows. This raises the question of whether and how scientific organizations can act as facilitators of implementing collaborative research practices on the part of individual scientists. We shed light on how organizational design choices – related to exercising control vs. granting autonomy – influence the scientists’ engagement in inter- and transdisciplinary research collaborations. We investigate this question by exploring two in-depth case studies of scientific organizations in Europe with a total of 63 interviews with scientists, 4,129 pages of secondary material, and field observations. Our analysis shows that control-related design choices are 1) more frequently applied than those related to granting autonomy but 2) also bear the risk of (unintendedly) blocking or deterring scientists from collaborating at all, in particular when scientists’ norms and values are not sufficiently considered. 3) Interestingly, granting scientists autonomy in their collaboration activities seems to predominantly encourage collaborations with close (compared to distant) collaborators and lead to collaborations with low levels of decision rights on the side of the collaboration partners. Our findings contribute to the literature on the organization of science and hold meaningful implications for research policy and managers of scientific organizations.

Academic Scientists Mobility: The Hidden Pipe of Tacit Knowledge Transfer from Academia to Industry

Knowledge transfer (KT) from academia to industry is critical to support economic growth and to contribute to a local open innovation ecosystem. Research on university-industry knowledge transfer (UIKT) mainly focuses on codified knowledge. However, the vast majority of knowledge produced by academia is tacit and, in some cases, cannot be made explicit thus remaining embodied in individuals. Building on knowledge management theory and social network theory, this article proposes that socialization occurs in two forms, weak and strong socialization, and that strong socialization is needed for tacit UIKT. We propose that professional mobility of PhD graduates is an instrument to measure tacit UIKT. Through a database of the PhD graduates of a large pluridisciplinary European university, our results show that fields hardness and applicability have a positive effect on tacit UIKT and that alignment with national industrial specialization and free-movement policies influence tacit KT to the national industry. We contribute to knowledge management theory by exploring academic scientists’ mobility as a pipe of tacit UIKT as well as by extending the concept of socialization from intra-organizational to inter-organizational settings, by proposing the concepts of weak and strong socialization, and by showing how strong socialization and tacit UIKT depend on knowledge, industrial and political dimensions.

413 Quantitative morphometric analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic ageing in Caucasian individuals

Introduction: The field of skin ageing is important due to the world ageing population. Due to its interface with the external environment, skin ageing is attributed to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The aim of this study was to define histomorphic disparities between intrinsically and extrinsically aged skin, and increase understanding of how skin structures change with age and photoexposure. Methods: Full-thickness skin biopsies were obtained from the photoexposed dorsal forearm and photoprotected buttock of young (21-24 years, n=10 females) and aged Caucasian volunteers (61-65 years, n=10 females). Biometrics analysis of epidermal thickness (Emin), epidermal proliferation, basal keratinocyte morphology, interdigitation index and morphology of rête ridges and dermal papilla was performed on blinded histological and immunofluorescence images (n=40 biopsies; n=160-240 images). Results: Our study found that Emin and epidermal proliferation do not change with age or photoexposure (P>0.05). The size and height of basal keratinocytes is increased by photoexposure in young and ageing individuals, but no differences were identified with age (P<0.0001). The dermal-epidermal junction is affected by both age and photoexposure with regards to decreased interdigitation and decreased height of rête ridges and dermal papilla (P<0.0001). Discussion: Our data suggest that basal keratinocyte morphology is affected by photoexposure, and dermal-epidermal junction characteristics are altered by age and photoexposure. Interestingly, flattening of the dermal-epidermal junction was most apparent in photoexposed areas, and we propose that there is an accelerated ageing phenotype due to the contribution of extrinsic factors. These data are important for both academic and industrial scientists to validate in vitro findings, and identify targets for cosmetic interventions.

Precision medicine for genetic epilepsy on the horizon: Recent advances, present challenges, and suggestions for continued progress.

The genetic basis of many epilepsies is increasingly understood, giving rise to the possibility of precision treatments tailored to specific genetic etiologies. Despite this, current medical therapy for most epilepsies remains imprecise, aimed primarily at empirical seizure reduction rather than targeting specific disease processes. Intellectual and technological leaps in diagnosis over the past 10 years have not yet translated to routine changes in clinical practice. However, the epilepsy community is poised to make impressive gains in precision therapy, with continued innovation in gene discovery, diagnostic ability, and bioinformatics; increased access to genetic testing and counseling; fuller understanding of natural histories; agility and rigor in preclinical research, including strategic use of emerging model systems; and engagement of an evolving group of stakeholders (including patient advocates, governmental resources, and clinicians and scientists in academia and industry). In each of these areas, we highlight notable examples of recent progress, new or persistent challenges, and future directions. The future of precision medicine for genetic epilepsy looks bright if key opportunities on the horizon can be pursued with strategic and coordinated effort.

The contribution of research to racial health equity? Blame and responsibility in navigating the status quo of anti-black systemic racism

Thirty-seven years ago, the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health called attention to a “national paradox” of persistent Black-White health disparities despite overall health improvements for the nation (HHS, 1985). Subsequent updates to the “Heckler Report” came to the same conclusion; Black Americans continued to exhibit poorer health in comparison to White Americans (Satcher et al., 2005). Current population health statistics demonstrate Black-White health disparities comparable to 1985 (AHRQ, 2018; Shiels et al., 2021; Wall et al., 2018). Although psychological, behavioral, social, and economic factors all contribute to Black-White differences in health, there is a noticeable increase in discussions about the importance of systemic racism in producing racial health disparities. This article addresses three questions relevant to research on racism and the health of Black Americans: (1) Why has academic public health research on racism failed to reduce racial health disparities? (2) What can academic public health scientists do differently to reduce the impact of systemic racism on inequities among Black and White Americans? (3) What can Black Americans do in the face of present-day anti-Black systemic racism? We argue that to convert the vision of health equity into a visible reality, health equity research scientists must move beyond discussion, observation, and description. We also argue that to demonstrate progress in reducing racial health disparities, health equity scientists will need to work much more directly on eradicating racism as a fundamental cause of health differences between Black and White Americans. As scientists, the challenge we face is how to accomplish this mission without leaving the realm of science. Racism is a social determinant of Black health and social determinants are political problems. Political problems require political solutions.

COVID-19 and gender inequity in science: Consistent harm over time.

Stay-at-home-orders, online learning, and work from home policies are some of the responses governments, universities, and other institutions adopted to slow the spread of COVID-19. However, research shows these measures have increased pre-existing gender disparities in the workplace. The working conditions for women during the pandemic worsened due to increased family care responsibilities and unequal distribution of domestic labor. In the academy, working from home has resulted in reduced research time and increased teaching and family care responsibilities, with a larger proportion of that burden falling to women. We investigate the persistence of gender inequity among academic scientists resulting from university COVID-19 responses over time. We draw on two surveys administered in May 2020 and May 2021 to university-based biologists, biochemists, and civil and environmental engineers, to analyze how the pandemic response has disproportionately impacted women in academia and the endurance of those inequities. Results show significantly greater negative impacts from the pandemic on women’s research activities and work-life balance, compared to men. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results, and the need for the academy to better predict and adjust to the gender disparities its policies create.

Integrating project-based infrastructures with long-term greenhouse gas observations in Africa

There is a lack of long-term greenhouse gas (GHG) measurement infrastructures in Africa. This limits our understanding of the temporal dynamics of the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of carbon in response to climate change. Where relevant infrastructures have been established in externally funded research projects, they have often not been successfully transferred to local institutions at project termination, nor maintained in the long term. This leads to loss of capacity and continuity in primary data. We describe a collaborative approach where eddy-covariance (EC) towers for continuous long-term observation of carbon dioxide and energy fluxes were constructed under two consecutive German-funded research projects and designed to complement existing South African infrastructures. They will be transferred to partner institutions at project termination, supported by deliberate capacity building actions for long term sustainability. Joint activities were implemented to i) strengthen technical expertise for infrastructure maintenance, ii) introduce new generation of academic scientists to the topic, iii) co-develop a training concept to enhance local capacity to continue teaching the topic, iv) improve the uptake and use of data by the research community, v) improve data use and access by stakeholders, and vi) facilitate knowledge exchange between institutions. Co-designed activities included training, apprenticeships and knowledge exchange, student exchange, co-supervision, and public outreach. Following a similar model in international research projects could significantly benefit 1) national capacity for emission inventories, 2) development of long-term GHG observation networks, and 3) the global scientific community via improved availability of data. While we specifically focus on a network of GHG observations, the principles are applicable for the infrastructure to observe other surface/atmosphere exchange processes or other long term observational infrastructure.

Preface: 3rd International Symposium on the Frontiers of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (FBB 2022)

This proceeding includes original and peer-reviewed research papers from the 3rd International Symposium on the Frontiers of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (FBB 2022: http://www.fbbconf.org/), in Hong Kong, China during May 14-15, 2022.&#x0D; For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production, and medicine. Biotechnology is the research and development in the laboratory using bioinformatics for exploration, extraction, exploitation and production from any living organisms and any source of biomass by means of biochemical engineering. Bioengineering is the application of the principles of engineering and natural sciences to tissues, cells and molecules. FBB aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Biotechnology and Bioengineering. It also provides a platform for academic scientists, researchers and research scholars, doctors, doctoral students and related professionals to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of Biotechnology and Bioengineering. All authors and participants are kindly encouraged to contribute to and help shape the conference through submissions of their research abstracts, papers and posters.&#x0D; FBB 2022 received 103 submissions, and more than 30 of them had been accepted by our reviewers in FBB 2022. By submitting a paper to FBB 2022, the authors agreed to the review process and understood that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts were reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the Conference Committee, who gave detailed comments and-if the submission was accepted the authors would submit a revised version that took into account this feedback. All papers were reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declared their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers did not know each other’s identities, nor did the authors receive information about who had reviewed their manuscript. The Committees of FBB 2022 invested great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.&#x0D; Hopefully, all participants and other interested readers will benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process.&#x0D; With our warmest regards,&#x0D; Wei He&#x0D; Conference Organizing Chair

The UK plans to overhaul its synchrotron

The UK’s largest scientific facility, the Diamond Light Source synchrotron in Oxfordshire, is set to undergo an upgrade over the next few years at a cost of more than $600 million. The project will be funded largely by the UK government and the Wellcome foundation. UK academic and industrial scientists use the synchrotron, which is housed in a building with a 730 m circumference, to gather detailed information about the structure of materials. The upgrade will include the synchrotron’s core machinery.

Docking, ADMET and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Plant-Based Phenolics as Tumor Pyruvate Kinase M2 Modulators

The drug discovery is presently threatened by exorbitant costs and is less productive. To challenge the deterioration in the throughput curve, pharmaceutical corporations, and academic scientists are leaning towards plant-based molecules to ascertain new molecules to convert them into pharmacotherapies, and phenolics are the molecules of choice. Natural products, specifically phenolics are undoubtedly explicit sources for development of effective drugs either totally or in a semi-synthetic way and there are numerous examples to support this statement. Molecular docking is chiefly employed to predict novel lead compounds for drug discovery. In this study, phenolics known to act as tumor pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) modulators and considered as anticancer agents were subjected to docking studies using Glide and rigorous in silico ADMET studies using the Qikprop suite. In silico investigations were carried out to find out the explicit interactions of the phenolics with PKM2 (PDB IDs 3GR4 and 4B2D) modulators. The docking studies were carried out on phenolics reported as PKM2 modulators. Myricetin was found to be the most suitable anticancer agent for the PKM2 modulation acting on the DASA-binding site with a glide score of -10.746. In addition, the effectiveness of the study was further validated by performing ADMET studies of all the modulators which again established myricetin to be the most favourable one among the selected compounds. It suggested that amongst the “hit list”, myricetin shares the best features to be considered ahead for drug discovery. The results of molecular dynamics simulation studies of myricetin with the DASA-binding pocket of human pyruvate kinase M2 (PDB ID- 3GR4) are strongly in concert with complementary experimental methods discussed above.

WEAPONIZING THE COVID-19 VACCINE: THE GEOPOLITICAL STRUGGLE

As the world continues to navigate a global pandemic that ignores national borders, it is not surprising to find a divide between the interests of vaccine-producing countries — and their entire supply chain networks for intermediates and raw materials — and countries that are primarily reliant on these producers for their vaccine consumption. This paper puts this debate in the context of a multi country strategic game where the major players have been able to produce a vaccine for COVID-19 and control the distribution of the vaccine and all its components. To address this issue of sovereign players, some have raised the possibility of a GATT/WTO intervention into COVID-19 vaccine sale and distribution. In addition, a legal battle is taking shape over lucrative patent rights for COVID-19 vaccines, with drug companies pitted against each other and government and academic scientists over who invented what. At the heart of the disputes is the billion-dollar question: Who can claim to have invented important elements of the COVID-19 vaccines? In June 2022, the WTO struck deals on a partial patent waiver for COVID-19 vaccines. Most observers believe that this change to the intellectual property rules will have limited impact on actual production for now because a current surplus of vaccines globally means there is little demand among vaccine makers to increase output. The implications are clear. The WTO compromise has allowed the existence of high hurdles for exports of products made under such a license. Given the limited WTO compromise agreement there are several options available to solve the problem of lack of access to the COVID-19 vaccine consuming nations at this stage. First, the US Supreme Court could invalidate each of the pharmaceutical companies’ patent requests. Second, individuals could file legal actions designed to disgorge the monopoly revenue of these pharmaceutical companies. If no legal action is taken, along these lines, and the WTO compromise is insufficient to solve the COVID-19 vaccine shortages in the developing world, then the developed countries will be opening the gate to PRC delivery of their COVID-19 vaccine to the entire developing and emerging markets.

Preface

It is a great privilege for us to present the proceedings of The 5th Embrio International Symposium (EIS) to the authors and delegates of the event. We hope you will find it helpful, exciting, and inspiring. Our primary goal and feature is to bring academic scientists, engineers, industry, and researchers together to exchange and share their experiences and research results about most aspects of science and social research and discuss the practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted.The EMBRIO International Symposium, also known as EIS, is an EMBRIO biennial event first held in 2013. This event is a platform for discussing the issues, challenges, opportunities, and findings of fisheries and marine sciences. The EMBRIO activity, which has been carried out regularly, is also a form of commitment from the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences of IPB to developing the fisheries and marine sector. This activity invited experts in fisheries and marine science from various universities and research centers in various regions.In 2019 EMBRIO successfully held The 4th EIS with the theme “Innovative Solution and Technology for Marine Biodiversity” and published proceedings on SCOPUS indexed publishers. In 2021, The EIS was held for the 5th time and brought the topic “Sustainable Development of Fisheries and Marine Resources in the Middle of the COVID-19 Era and Beyond”. At least 81 papers and posters were presented on specific topics including Aquaculture, Biotechnology, Capture Fisheries, Fish Ecology & Biology, Marine Biology, Marine Bioprospecting, Marine Conservation, Marine Debris, Marine Ecology, Marine Management, and Marine Post Harvest. Due to travel restrictions, the symposium was held virtually from Bogor Indonesia, where the organizer was based. The responses to the call-for-papers were overwhelming both from Indonesia and overseas. This event was attended virtually by more than 100 participants with various backgrounds i.e. lecturers, researchers, and students, coming from various nationalities such as Indonesia, Chile, Finland, United Kingdom, Japan, Philippines, and Germany. We appreciated that the authors were enthusiastic to join our symposium and publish their manuscripts through the 5th EIS. In addition, we would like to express our gratitude and appreciation for all of the reviewers who helped us maintain the high-quality manuscripts.List of A. Editorial Team, B. Committees Of The 5th Embrio International Symposium, C. The 5th Embrio International Symposium Documentation are available in the pdf