Scientific Track Research Articles

Editor's Choice – Development and Testing of Step, Error, and Event Frameworks to Evaluate Technical Performance in Peripheral Endovascular Interventions

Tools for endovascular performance assessment are necessary in competency based education. This study aimed to develop and test a detailed analysis tool to assess steps, errors, and events in peripheral endovascular interventions (PVI). A modified Delphi consensus was used to identify steps, errors, and events in iliac-femoral-popliteal endovascular interventions. International experts in vascular surgery, interventional radiology, cardiology, and angiology were identified, based on their scientific track record. In an initial open ended survey round, experts volunteered a comprehensive list of steps, errors, and events. The items were then rated on a 5-point Likert scale until consensus was reached with a pre-defined threshold (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7) and > 70% expert agreement. An experienced endovascular surgeon applied the finalised frameworks on ten previously videorecorded elective PVI cases. The expert consensus panel was formed by 28 of 98 invited proceduralists, consisting of three angiologists, seven interventional radiologists, five cardiologists, and 13 vascular surgeons, with 29% from North America and 71% from Europe. The Delphi process was completed after three rounds (Cronbach's alpha; αsteps = 0.79; αerrors = 0.90; αevents = 0.90), with 15, 26, and 18 items included in the final step (73 - 100% agreement), error (73 - 100% agreement), and event (73 - 100% agreement) frameworks, respectively. The median rating time per case was 4.3 hours (IQR 3.2, 5 hours). A median of 55 steps (IQR 40, 67), 27 errors (IQR 21, 49), and two events (IQR 1, 6) were identified per case. An evaluation tool for the procedural steps, errors, and events in iliac-femoral-popliteal endovascular procedures was developed through a modified Delphi consensus and applied to recorded intra-operative data to identify hazardous steps, common errors, and events. Procedural mastery may be promoted by using the frameworks to provide endovascular proceduralists with detailed technical performance feedback.

Does distance teaching of science and mathematics meet teachers’ expectations?: Science and mathematics teachers’ perceptions, attitudes, and challenges of distance education

The most important benefits appear in ability of distance education (DE) to face challenges related to classroom education, as student’s absence from lesson does not affect it. DE also reduces waste of time and money to reach school or university and enhances aspects of self-responsibility. When student is self-disciplined, she is given a greater opportunity to expand sources of knowledge. This study aimed to explore to which extent Jordanian science and mathematics teachers satisfied towards DE and identify their attitudes and challenges they faced considering some variables: teachers’ gender, region, school stages they teach, experience, knowledge in technology skills, and specialization. Study population consisted of all Jordanian teachers in public schools from all regions in Jordan. The study sample included 499 male and female teachers. We developed a study questionnaire, which contained 27 items. After examining its validity and reliability, it was spread out electronically according to snowball method. The study showed several results, science and mathematics teachers’ satisfaction of DE was moderate, and there were no statistically significant differences in value of importance of DE for all variables except teachers’ competence of information and communications technology (ICT) knowledge and skills. The results indicated that level of Jordanian teachers’ attitudes to DE was moderate, and there is a difference in their attitudes towards DE in favor of teachers who master ICT knowledge and skills. The results showed a difference in teachers’ attitudes according to their specializations for benefit of scientific track while there were no statistically significant differences for rest of the study variables. Finally, the results pointed out that there are many challenges facing teachers in DE, which came in strong category. The study results presented no statistically significant differences regarding challenges teachers faced in DE in all study variables. The study suggests training teachers on employing DE strategies effectively and implementation of digital applications and educational media. Also, it suggests redesigning academic content according to DE models and theories, designing assessment strategies and tools to measure achieving of the learning outcomes, providing schools with infrastructure of DE, and providing free and sufficient internet services and computers or laptops for teachers.

On the Innovative Art Instructional Mode Based on the Cultivation of Students' Artistic Literacy

In today's society, with the rapid development of the economy, the demand for applied talents is increasing day by day. The demand for art talents in today's society lies not only in their professional skills and skills, but also in their own comprehensive quality and artistic literacy. Artistic literacy refers to a comprehensive quality that a person exhibits in artistic activities, from internal to external. Art education is of great significance in enhancing the ideological and moral qualities, humanistic literacy, promoting mental health, and improving personality of college students. Understanding and analyzing the current situation and existing problems of art literacy education in universities, and seeking a suitable path for educational innovation, to promote art literacy education in universities to a standardized, institutionalized, and scientific track, is an urgent problem to be solved. The article analyzes the application of art literacy in art teaching and reforms the art teaching mode.

The 38th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Surgical Research: Summary of Presentations, Labs, and Workshops, Focusing on Experimental Surgery, La Jolla, CA, USA, 14–16 September 2022

The 38th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Surgical Research took place in La Jolla, CA, USA, on 14–16 September 2022. For more than 40 years, the Academy has promoted the advancement of professional and academic standards in education and research in the arts and sciences of experimental surgery. The diverse membership includes technicians, veterinarians, medical doctors, and biomedical researchers from industry, academia, and complementary disciplines supporting discovery and translational research. At the annual meeting, this experimental surgery community shared the latest in research and surgical techniques, along with professional development that included cutting-edge lectures, hands-on training, and qualification exams for certifications. Over 130 participants from 26 different states and 3 countries were in attendance for the scientific program and social events. Two scientific tracks featuring three keynotes were presented together with a poster session. Participants could practice hands-on surgical techniques in dry and wet labs that ranged from applied surgical anesthesia to minimally invasive surgical skills, followed by in-depth discussion roundtables focused on improving study design and best practices in anesthesia and analgesia. The social program provided participants the opportunity to connect in person with potential mentors and collaborators. We present the highlights from this meeting in this report, together with selected abstracts that illustrate the diverse scientific expertise of the Academy and promising new surgical research.

Research Culture of Russian University Students

The article is devoted to the summarizing results of the sociological study of the re- search culture of students (February-April 2023, n=3,032 people). The aim of the article was to iden- tify its features and contradictions in the conditions of modern Russian universities. The productivity of the theoretical and methodological framework for studying this problem, developed on the basis of L.N. Kogan’s approach, is argued. The article proposes to consider the research culture as a way of developing the essential forces of students and to identify its structural elements such as cognitive, axiological and praxeological. In accordance with the theoretical and methodological approach, the characteristic of the research culture of students is given. The results of the survey allowed us to conclude that the majority of students have an interest in science and scientific knowledge as values, and at the same time – about the formation of a critical assessment of the risks that research produces among students who are active in scientific terms. The problem areas of students’ research competencies that prevent the “seamless” integration of student and “adult” science, including meth- odological and organizational ones, have been identified. Such problematic features of the praxe- ological block of students’ research culture as their low involvement in publication practices and tol- erance to unethical research practices are shown. The significant influence of teachers and scientific mentors performing activating and socializing functions on the formation of the research culture of students is substantiated. The practical significance of the research lies in a comprehensive under- standing of the state of the research culture of students of Russian universities, identifying factors that influence (positively or negatively) its formation and development. On this basis, it is possible to develop scientifically based programs for the academic development of students, especially in terms of its scientific track.

Soviet-American Scientific and Technical Cooperation in 1960s - Early 1970s: Science Diplomacy as a Factor of Détente

The features of the Soviet-American cooperation in the field of science and technology in the 1960s - early 1970s are studied. The issue of initially observed imbalances in scientific exchanges and differences in approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of the fundamental Lacy—Zarubin agreement from the standpoint of reciprocity and symmetry is considered. Two documentary sources are put into circulation - letters from W. S. Lacy, Special Assistant for East-West Exchanges to the US Secretary of State, and G. B. Kistiakowsky, Special Assistant to the President of the United States on Science and Technology, addressed to Secretaries of State J. F. Dulles and K. A. Herter, respectively. Based on the analysis of these documents, it is concluded that there is no consensus on the issue of measuring the effectiveness and intensity of scientific and technical cooperation between the USSR and the USA, as well as the absence of a special methodology. It was revealed that problems concerning the Lacy—Zarubin agreements implementation that existed at the first stage were largely eliminated by the end of the 1960s. Despite the fundamental differences in institutional and human resources strategies for conducting scientific exchanges and related events, which are also subject to analysis, Moscow and Washington were able to find the necessary points of contact to effectively stimulate bilateral scientific cooperation. It was noted that an important role in the process of reaching consensus was assigned to the participants of the exchange programs themselves, among whom there were many world-famous scientists. It is concluded that the researched interaction along the scientific track can be considered as one of the factors of détente in the era of bipolar confrontation.

Plastic Pulse of the Public: A review of survey-based research on how people use plastic

Abstract Plastics pollute all environmental compartments because of human activities and mismanagement. Public perceptions and knowledge about plastic pollution differ among individuals and across different jurisdictions. Targeted survey-based research tools can help measure consumer awareness about the impacts of mismanaged plastics and help identify trends and solutions to reduce plastic use and plastic pollution. This review primarily focused on survey-based research from presenters at the scientific track session TS-2.15 Plastic Pulse of the Public at the 7th International Marine Debris Conference (www.7imdc.org) and supplemented by contemporary literature. Survey-based research helps provide new insights about public opinions related to the pervasiveness of plastic pollution. This review includes results about consumer use and perceptions of plastic pollution impacts from diverse studies from nine countries including Ghana, Kenya, Bangladesh, Pakistan, United States, Canada, Norway, Germany, and United Kingdom. Overwhelmingly, public perceptions and consumer awareness of the negative impacts of plastic pollution were extremely high, regardless of geographic location. Awareness about the environmental impacts of plastic waste and plastic pollution was highest within younger, white, female, and well-educated demographic groups. However, differences were observed in public attitudes toward willingness to pay for sustainable alternatives, end-of-life plastic uses, unintended consequences, recycling, and mismanagement.

Adult essential extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) skills for use in an e-learning program for ICU physicians, nurses and perfusionists: a consensus by a modified Delphi questionnaire

BackgroundEducation in ECMO starts with basic theory and physiology. For this type of training, self-assessment e-learning modules may be beneficial. The aim of this study was to generate consensus on essential ECMO skills involving various professional groups involved in caring for ECMO patients. These skills can be used for educational purposes: development of an e-learning program and fine-tuning of ECMO-simulation programs.MethodsExperts worldwide received an e-mail inviting them to participate in the modified Delphi questionnaire. A mixture of ECMO experts was contacted. The expert list was formed based on their scientific track record mainly in adult ECMO (research, publications, and invited presentations). This survey consisted of carefully designed questionnaires, organized into three categories, namely knowledge skills, technical skills, and attitudes. Each statement considered a skill and was rated on a 5-point Likert-scale and qualitative comments were made if needed. Based on the summarized information and feedback, the next round Delphi questionnaire was developed. A statement was considered as a key competency when at least 80% of the experts agreed or strongly agreed (rating 4/5 and 5/5) with the statement. Cronbach’s Alpha score tested internal consistency. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used as reliability index for interrater consistency and agreement.ResultsConsensus was achieved in two rounds. Response rate in the first round was 45.3% (48/106) and 60.4% (29/48) completed the second round. Experts had respectively for the first and second round: a mean age of 43.7 years (8.2) and 43.4 (8.8), a median level of experience of 11.0 years [7.0-15.0] and 12.0 years [8.3-14.8]. Consensus was achieved with 29 experts from Australia (2), Belgium (16), France (1), Germany (1), Italy (1), Russia (2), Spain (1), Sweden, (1), The Netherlands (4). The consensus achieved in the first round was 90.9% for the statements about knowledge, 54.5% about technical skills and 75.0% about attitudes. Consensus increased in the second round: 94.6% about knowledge skills, 90.9% about technical skills and 75.0% about attitudes.ConclusionAn expert consensus was accomplished about the content of “adult essential ECMO skills”. This consensus was mainly created with participation of physicians, as the response rate for nurses and perfusion decreased in the second round.

ZHUMABAY ABILOV AND GENESIS AND THE GENRE STUDY OF THE KAZAKH COMEDY

The article deals with the study of Kazakh comedy. A scientific analysis is carried out on the basis of the research of the scientist Zhumabay Abilov regarding the genesis and genre features of the Kazakh comedy. As the history of the emergence of comedy recedes into antiquity, the history of the study of Kazakh comedy continues to fade. In the literature of any country, there is a tendency to study the genre of comedy in written literature, and types of comedy in oral literature are not taken into account. Perhaps that is why until that time we knew only such types of Kazakh comedy as "Satirical Comedy" and "Lyrical Comedy". And Zhumabay Abilov, who studied Kazakh comedy in close connection with folklore, introduced the previously unused genre of “dialogue-comedy” into literary circulation. Every country, every nation has its own satire. The systematization of the forms of oral satire, called folk comedy, and its scientific tracking require a comprehensive study. The article presents examples of oral creativity, which is the beginning of our national literature, in the Kazakh folk theater, and conclusions about stable coordinating factors from the research work of the scientist Zhumabay Abilov "Kazakh Comedy". The study and classification of the genre of dialogue-comedy has a scientific basis.

Quelques pistes pour améliorer les usages de l'implication mathématique en début d'université

Fresh university students face from the very beginning the need to study and develop by themselves more and more complex reasoning and proofs, which they had little opportunity to make in their secondary studies, including in the scientific tracks. In this article, we focus on the notion of implication. We first come back to the main known difficulties; then we present theoretical tools allowing to foresee and analyze these difficulties. Based on our practice as teachers in undergraduate mathematics and by research in didactics of mathematics, we consider that for the teaching of notions of logic it is necessary to find a balance between a formal approach, which is known to be not effective, and an approach that would eliminate the formal aspects which is also known to be not effective. Then, we will propose activities aiming explicitly to work on aspects related to the notion of implication, while mentioning opportunities for reinvest the knowledge developed during these activities in the teaching and learning of other concepts.

English-Medium Instruction and Content Learning in Freshman Year: An Investigation of a Saudi University Students’ Challenges and Learning Strategies

The present study investigates the challenges that science freshmen perceive in English-medium instruction at Prince Sattam bin Abdelaziz University in terms of language and learning as well as the frequency of relevant learning strategies employed by students. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 376 students enrolled in the First Year Program at Prince Sattam Bin Abdelaziz University, considering their gender, scientific tracks, and previous English exposure. Results reveals that females were less comfortable communicating with professionals in their classrooms. Simultaneously, freshmen females perceive greater challenges in content comprehension, knowledge application, and learning adaptability. Therefore, they relied on learning strategies supported by L1 more frequently than males. Comparison of groups based on tracks shows that engineering students have more difficulty communicating with professionals than medical students. Furthermore, freshmen with extensive prior English exposure had fewer difficulties communicating with their peers and professionals. They perceived fewer difficulties with content comprehension, knowledge application, and learning adaptability. In contrast, freshmen with little prior exposure to English relied more on L1-related learning strategies. The findings show significant differences in perceiving EMI-related challenges and adopted learning strategies based on the relevant variables. They suggest that the shift from high school Arabic-medium education to English-medium instruction in higher education requires careful institutional and individual planning.

АНАЛИЗ ЗУБНЫХ ПАСТ, ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ОСНОВНОГО СРЕДСТВА ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ ГИГИЕНЫ ПОЛОСТИ РТА. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Subject. A literature was reviewed on the relevant subject dedicated to the prevention of dental diseases – the study of the modern market of toothpastes used as the basic oral care products. 
 Methodology. The data of special literature were studied using scientific tracking library databases: Pub Med, Elibrary, Cochrane. Literature was analysed using 55 sources.
 Results. On the modern market, there is a wide range of toothpastes with various properties due to active ingredients they are composed of. Despite the wide and varied range of these oral care products, there is no officially recognized classification of this product. The children's toothpastes should meet the following requirements: be neutral, have cleansing and polishing properties, have a good smell, flavour and appearance, cooling and disinfecting effects, be harmless and have a therapeutic and prophylactic effect. In the special literature, there are many studies on the use of toothpastes in case of high caries severity. The modern direction of therapeutic and prophylactic pastes is the inclusion of various enzymes in their composition. These components are able to increase the cleansing effect of hygiene products due to the lysis of the organic matrix of soft and hard components of plaque, bacteriostatic or indirect bactericidal effects on the biocenosis of the mouth, including the products of microorganisms.
 Conclusions. On the modern market, there is a huge range of toothpastes with various active ingredients effecting the causes of oral diseases, but there is still no toothpaste which would be safe to accidentally swallow during long-term use, which is one of the main reasons for development of individual oral health programs for patients with aggravated somatic status, as well as for those who have neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, the question of the absolutely safe toothpastes as the basic oral care products remains open.

Phytotherapy for respiratory diseases: past and present. Review

Acute and chronic respiratory diseases constitute one of the main reasons of death worldwide. Joining coronavirus infection COVID‑19 worsens the course of diseases of the bronchopulmonary system and other systems and organs, in particular, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, gastrointestinal and others. There are a number of drugs of natural origin with multifaceted metabolic and multiorgan action, the use of which associated with minimal risks, mainly due to individual intolerance to particular components. Objective. To analyze the current possibilities of phytotherapy of respiratory diseases, including COVID‑19. Materials and methods. The information search has been performed using sources in print and electronic media, scientific tracking databases with application of methods of the analysis, comparison and generalization. Results. Treatment with herbal remedies was established to have better tolerability and lower frequency of side effects and complications. They are characterized with high biological multifaceted activity and a broad therapeutic index. It is believed that the use of herbal medicine in such cases as an adjunct treatment and maintenance therapy is justified. Monotherapy with drugs from individual medicinal plants is not as effective as their combination. The use of extracts of several medicinal plants is more appropriate for long‑term use, the composition, dose, synergism, compliance, minimal side effects and mild therapeutic effect are important. In the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine there are many domestic and imported herbal remedies used in acute and chronic respiratory diseases. One of them is Bronchilor (Biohels International GmbH, Germany), containing extracts of thyme, Iceland moss, primrose and thorny bamboo. The drug has a local antiseptic effect, it forms a protective film on the the bronchopulmonary receptors, enhances the ciliate epithelial activity, and acts as an expectorant. The publications of Chinese scientists indicate the feasibility of using herbal medicine in the acute period of COVID‑19 infection and postcovid syndrome. Conclusions. Modern multicomponent phytotherapeutic agents play an important role in the complex treatment of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Further studies are required to investigate the use of phytotherapy, in particular, Bronchilor, as a supportive therapy for postcovid rehabilitation in patients with respiratory system injury.

Are girls always good for boys? Short and long term effects of school peers’ gender

This paper exploits idiosyncratic variations in school cohorts’ gender composition to investigate the short and long-term effects of school peers’ gender. Using French administrative data over the 2008–2012 period, it shows that the proportion of female peers’ in middle school not only affects students’ contemporaneous performance but also influences their subsequent educational attainment. More specifically, a larger share of girls among school peers increases girls’ test scores, reduces their dropout rates and increases their probability to graduate from high school several years later, especially in the scientific track. By contrast, it increases boys’ probability to attend a vocational school and decreases their high school graduation rate. I find suggestive evidence that these effects partially operate through a negative effect of opposite-gender peers on students’ school behaviour and through an adjustment of teacher behaviour based on the gender composition of the classroom.

Sustainable development in the light of the philosophy of science and ethics

The present article provides a substantiation of the need to use the potential of the philosophy of science in designing a sustainable development project. Along with mathematics and informatics, the philosophy of science is viewed as an auxiliary science designed to help clarify the conceptual and methodological nature of scientific theories. New provisions of science philosophy are presented. The proposition that all axiological theories culminate in ethics is proved. It is also substantiated that natural sciences demonstrate ethical relativity. The project, i.e. both the concept and conception (theory) of sustainable development was designed with no consideration of the achievements of science philosophy including scientific ethics. As the project developed its content became not clearer but, on the contrary, more obscured. The project of sustainable development is reevaluated in light of the philosophy of science. It turns out to be nothing more than a paraphrase of the need for the proper development of the ethical relativity of ecology and its place in the system of balanced scientific ethics. The project of sustainable development presents a paraphrase of certain scientific content that has to be properly addressed. Without this, it has no scientific meaning and should be attributed to the field of everyday language. Thus, the time to put the sustainable development project on a scientific track has come.

EFL Learners’ and Teachers’ Perception toward the Use of Online Videos in EFL Classes

This study aims at analyzing the English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ and teachers’ perception toward the use of online videos in EFL classes. The current study used a mixed method to answer the question of the study which is: What is the perception of EFL learners and teachers toward the use of online videos in EFL classes? It includes both quantitative and qualitative techniques, namely a questionnaire and an interview. To get the required data and to answer the question of the study, the researcher collected information by distributing a relevant questionnaire among 120 EFL Saudi female students who are studying English in their preparatory year “Unified Scientific Track” at Taibah University. Their ages range between 18 to 21 years old. The questionnaire of the study consists of 10 items. For the first nine items, Likert Scale is used to let the respondents range the statements on a five- point scale. The tenth item asks the respondents to rate the usefulness of the online video regarding language skills and other aspects. The researcher also conducted an interview with six EFL teachers who teach English language skills in the English Language Centre (ELC) at Taibah University. The responses of the participants showed that the use of online videos is an effective technique and has a positive influence in EFL classes.

НАЗАД К ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОМУ ПОВОРОТУ? ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЛОСОФИИ ГЛАЗАМИ П. М. С. ХАКЕРА И Т. УИЛЬЯМСОНА

The article is concerned with two opposite views on the future of analytic philosophy, as presented by P.M.S. Hacker and T. Williamson. According to the first, conservative, the best prospect is the preservation of methodological attitudes of the linguistic turn. Sharing such point of view P.M.S. Hacker is convinced that analytic philosophers should completely abandon the establishing metaphysical truths and limit themselves to research of the verbal level of thinking. According to the second, more progressive, methodological attitudes of the linguistic turn should be discarded, and the radical ban on metaphysics should be rethought. T. Williamson is favoring that kind of revision. In the opinion of the author of the article, both points of view interpret the history of analytic philosophy in a simplified manner, ignoring the inevitability of the conflict between the two primordial “super tasks” of that tradition: on the one hand, the eradication of speculative-metaphysical philosophizing, on the other, putting it on a scientific track. Consideration of analytical philosophy in the context of the truth of only one of those lines obstructs a correct assessment of its prospects.

Preface

The 2020 Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Conference was successfully held on September 17-18, 2020 online due to COVID-19 restrictions. The conference is devoted to current challenges in Big Data analytics & AI and comprises three tracks: business, technology and science.There were 3 major sections of the scientific track of the conference:-Cluster analysis-Applied systems for data analysis-Natural Language ProcessingThis volume of IOP Conference Series: Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS) is a compilation of the accepted papers in Big Data and AI Conference 2020 and represents contributions that were presented in the conference.On behalf of the organization committee, I would like to thank all of the conference sponsors, partners and volunteers who made conference possible.Looking forward to meeting you during Big Data and AI Conference 2021.On behalf of organizing and program committees of the Big Data and AI Conference 2020Igor Balk, Big Data and AI Conference 2020 co-chair.

EFL Learners’ and Teachers’ Perception toward the Use of Online Videos in EFL Classes

This study aims at analyzing the English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ and teachers’ perception toward the use of online videos in EFL classes. The current study used a mixed method to answer the question of the study which is: What is the perception of EFL learners and teachers toward the use of online videos in EFL classes? It includes both quantitative and qualitative techniques, namely a questionnaire and an interview. To get the required data and to answer the question of the study, the researcher collected information by distributing a relevant questionnaire among 120 EFL Saudi female students who are studying English in their preparatory year “Unified Scientific Track” at Taibah University. Their ages range between 18 to 21 years old. The questionnaire of the study consists of 10 items. For the first nine items, Likert Scale is used to let the respondents range the statements on a five- point scale. The tenth item asks the respondents to rate the usefulness of the online video regarding language skills and other aspects. The researcher also conducted an interview with six EFL teachers who teach English language skills in the English Language Centre (ELC) at Taibah University. The responses of the participants showed that the use of online videos is an effective technique and has a positive influence in EFL classes.

A proposed scenario for amending the secondary education system in Palestine; In light of the standardization of the occupational preference scale: تصور مقترح لتعديل نظام التعليم الثانويّ في فلسطين في ضوء تقنين مقياس الميول المهْنيّة

The study aimed to present a proposed concept for amending the secondary education system in Palestine, in light of standardization the scale of vocational inclinations, according to the variables of gender and the level of academic achievement, on a sample of (1478) students, chosen in a cluster manner, and then stratified from all the class students. The results indicated the achievement of the global construction of the occupational inclinometer, with good indications of validity and good reliability, through the validity of the hypothetical composition, internal consistency, discriminatory validity, alpha reliability, reapplication, and exploratory factor analysis. That showed the presence of eight factors that accounted for 76% of the total variance. The division of secondary education into three tracks: the scientific track: it includes: (the health, industrial, agricultural, and technological branch). The literary track includes: (Branch of Humanities, Sharia, Entrepreneurship and Business). The applied path includes: (the hotel branch, the beauty, the fashion branch and the customization of clothes). This division will contribute to modifying the inferior view of vocational education on the one hand, increasing the demand for professional branches on the other hand, and reducing dropout rates, as well as reducing the suffering and anxiety of parents. The study recommended the issuance of the second Education Law; to include an amendment of the secondary education system, and the approval of the results of the vocational inclinometer as a criterion besides academic achievement; to distribute students to the tenth grade (scientific, literary, and applied) branches as a prelude to distributing them to high school branches.