Scientific Tasks Research Articles

Education of Value Attitude to Family among Adolescents in the World of Social Networks

The article reveals the problems of family education in the digital society. The “Childfree” movement, which emerged in Western Europe on the basis of the feminist movement, promotes the ideas of freedom and independence from the family. Supporters of the anti-family movement in Korea (“Sampo Generation”) advocate voluntary childlessness. These movements pose the strongest threat not only to the institution of the family, but also to the entire human society, denying traditional spiritual and moral values. The negative impact of social networks is manifested in the fact that barriers of communication between parents and children are created. It is proposed to develop a model of integration of educational interactions of teachers, children and their parents on the Internet. The school is considered as a social practice that relies on the infrastructure that includes material and social resources, including social networks. The benefits of social media and gadgets should be competently utilized. The content of social networks should be filled with strong Russian traditions of family education. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the relevance of the problem of education of value relations to the family in adolescents in the world of social networks. The research methodology is based on the poly-subject strategy of upbringing. The scientific literature was analyzed using the apperception method. Methodology and research methods. The development of the problem of education of value relations to the family in adolescents in the digital society is based on a poly-subject strategy of education. The scientific literature was analyzed using the apperception method. The result of the study is the formulation of scientific and pedagogical tasks related to the justification, development and testing of the model of digital educational environment of the school that promotes the education of value relations to the family in adolescents, providing pedagogization of the Internet environment. Such a model of digital educational environment of the school will be a means of pedagogization of social networks at the level of prevention, protection and management. Pedagogization of social networks should be evaluated with the help of informational, normative, activity, diagnostic indicators.

Координатная привязка геоизображений с использованием компьютерного зрения

This paper presents the process of creating a model for automated georeferencing of geo- images using image matching technology, an increasingly popular computer vision concept that has not received proper attention in cartography to date. LoFTR (Local Feature Matching with Transformers), a new approach to find and match key points in pairs of images was used as a basis for the developed model. At the first stage, a model architecture and successive stages of input data processing were defined. At the second stage, the model was implemented as a program in accordance with the previously outlined steps. At the third stage, the resulting model was tested on several pairs of geoimages to further evaluate its effectiveness and applicability in various scientific tasks. Results show that the developed model provides a universal algorithm for automated georeferencing of geo-images, demonstrating high-quality results

GOAT: efficient and robust identification of gene set enrichment

Gene set enrichment analysis is foundational to the interpretation of high throughput biology. Identifying enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms or disease-associated gene sets within a list of gene effect sizes that represent experimental outcomes is an everyday task in life science that crucially depends on robust and sensitive statistical tools. We here present GOAT, a parameter-free algorithm for gene set enrichment analysis of preranked gene lists. The algorithm can precompute null distributions from standardized gene scores, enabling enrichment testing of the GO database in one second. Validations using synthetic data show that estimated gene set p-values are well calibrated under the null hypothesis and invariant to gene list length and gene set size. Application to various real-world proteomics and gene expression studies demonstrates that GOAT identifies more significant GO terms as compared to current methods. GOAT is freely available as an R package and user-friendly online tool for gene set enrichment analyses that includes interactive data visualizations: https://ftwkoopmans.github.io/goat.

StereoThermoLegs: label propagation with multimodal stereo cameras for automated annotation of posterior legs during running at different velocities

In sports science, thermal imaging is applied to investigate various questions related to exercise-induced stress response, muscle fatigue, anomalies, and diseases. Infrared thermography monitors thermal radiation from the skin’s surface over time. For further analysis, regions of interest are extracted and statistically analyzed. Although computer vision algorithms have grown in recent years due to data-driven approaches, this is not the case for detailed segmentation in thermal images. In a supervised manner, machine learning optimizations require a large amount of training data with input and ground truth output data. Unfortunately, obtaining annotated data are a costly problem that increases with the complexity of the task. For semantic segmentation, pixel-wise label masks must be created by experts. Few datasets meet the needs of sports scientists and physicians to perform advanced applications of thermal computer vision during physical activity and generate new insights in their fields. In this paper, a new method is introduced to transfer segmentation masks from the vision domain to the thermal domain with a stereo-calibrated time-of-flight camera and high-resolution mid-wave infrared camera. A post-processing procedure is then utilized to obtain dense pixel masks for the posterior legs during walking and running on a treadmill. The developed StereoThermoLegs dataset is based on 14 participants and includes 11 subjects for training with 12,826 thermograms and the remaining three individuals for testing with 3433 images. A deep neural network was trained with the DeepLabv3+ architecture, the AdaBelief optimizer, and Dice loss as a benchmark. After 29 epochs, the test set achieved an average intersection over union of 0.66. The analysis of the posterior leg region, specifically the left and right calf, offered the most insights, with values of 0.83 and 0.83, respectively. The first multimodal stereo dataset containing synchronized visual and thermal images of a runner’s back provides a starting point for data-driven segmentation tasks in sports science and medicine. Our technique allows for automatic production of customized datasets for deep learning, accelerating the implementation of baseline outcomes for newly identified areas of interest in thermal imaging, while bypassing the requirement for extensive manual annotation. The approach is not exclusive to stereo rig and segmentation tasks utilizing RGBD and thermal cameras, but can be applied to other imaging tasks and modalities.

DERUSSIFICATION AND DECOMMUNISATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES WITHIN THE KHMELNYTSKYI REGION

Statement of the scientific and practical problem. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has caused significant changes among Ukrainian citizens and raised issues that play an important role in the formation of national identity. Since the 2000s, the Russian criminal authorities and Russian propaganda have been developing the concept of the "Russian world" to keep Ukraine subordinate to the imperial non-state. Therefore, the preservation of the geographical and cultural heritage of the aggressor country is unacceptable in times of war. Relevance and novelty of the study. The processes of decommunisation and derussification in Ukraine today are closely interconnected, as Russians are the bearers of neo-imperialist and colonial tendencies. In the history of our country, resistance to colonialism has had its own peculiarities and stages in each century, so it is quite logical that during the period of full-scale aggression against Ukraine, this process has become nationwide. Ukraine has adopted a number of laws condemning the communist and national socialist regimes and prohibiting the propaganda of their symbols, which covers a wide range of objects: names of settlements, streets, squares, monuments, taverns, facade boards, etc. Their presence in our country undermines the upbringing of modern Ukrainians, who should be educated on national and European values. The dominance of hostile geographical names and culture in any form is completely unjustified, having been forcibly imposed in the past. Imperial policy has deep roots and permeates Ukrainian education and upbringing. Therefore, today we are witnessing a completely natural reaction of Ukrainian society, which seeks to purge itself of the carriers of Russian and communist influence on a larger scale. Relation of the article’s topic to important scientific and practical tasks. The article deals with issues within the framework of the scientific topic: "Decommunisation and Derussification of Geographical Names in Ukraine" of the Department of Geography and Methods of Teaching it at the Ivan Ohienko National University of Kamianets-Podilskyi. For more than 70 years, the Soviet government tried to destroy any historical, cultural, and linguistic diversity in Ukraine. For a long time, the names of geographical objects in Ukraine honored people who had nothing to do with our country. The process of renaming intensified after 2014, when the annexation of Crimea and the occupation of Donetsk and Luhansk regions took place. The war launched by the Russian Federation in February 2022 necessitated the need to renounce any ties with the aggressor. Changes in geographical names have covered the expanse of Ukrainian settlements. Derussification is a fairly new process and does not yet have a clear definition. The draft amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Geographical Names" stipulate that derussification is intended to prohibit the assignment of names to geographical objects in Ukraine that glorify, perpetuate, propagandize, or symbolize the Russian Federation. It is interesting to note that after Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, several foreign countries, such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Sweden, and Canada, renamed streets and squares where the aggressor country’s diplomatic missions are located. These streets are now named "Ukrainian Heroes", "Free Ukraine", or "Heroic Mariupol". This shows that even accidental renaming can have significant symbolism and support for Ukraine. The formation of place names is a complex and ongoing process. It often depends on the socio-political situation and bears the imprints of different historical epochs. Key words: decommunisation, derussification, decolonisation, renaming, geographical name, settlement.

Digitization of the Production Process: An Example of The Use of RFID Technologies For Modern Enterprises

The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of the production process of engineering enterprises. The object of study is enterprise engineering. The scientific task is to determine the most optimal RFID technologies to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the production process of engineering enterprises. The technique involves the use of the Saaty method of hierarchies and pairwise comparison. As a result, the most optimal and effective RFID technologies were selected to improve the production process of engineering enterprises through hierarchical ordering of the most significant RFID technologies that affect the production process of engineering enterprises. One limitation of this study is its exclusive focus on RFID technologies, which may not take into account the potential of other technology solutions to improve manufacturing processes. In addition, the use of Saaty's method of hierarchies and even comparison may introduce subjectivity into the selection of optimal technologies, since the results depend on expert assessments. Prospects for further research may include comparison of RFID with other modern technologies that are being implemented in engineering enterprises to ensure greater objectivity and completeness of the analysis. Also, an important aspect of future research could be a detailed analysis of the impact of RFID implementation on the economic efficiency of production and employee workload.

Pedagogical Activity in The Context of Education of Humanistic and Legal Values

The main purpose of the article is to present the features of pedagogical activity in the context of educating humanistic and legal values. The object of the study is pedagogical activity in the context of education of humanistic and legal values. The scientific task is to present a model of pedagogical activity in the context of education of humanistic and legal values. The research methodology involves using the IDEF0 method to build a model. As a result of the study, the IDEF0 model of pedagogical activity was presented in the context of educating humanistic and legal values. The innovativeness of the results obtained is revealed through the established approach to modeling increasing the effectiveness of pedagogical activity in the context of educating humanistic and legal values. Prospects for further research will focus on research on other values.

Inside Production Data Science: Exploring the Main Tasks of Data Scientists in Production Environments

Modern production relies on data-based analytics for the prediction and optimization of production processes. Specialized data scientists perform tasks at companies and research institutions, dealing with real data from actual production environments. The roles of data preprocessing and data quality are crucial in data science, and an active research field deals with methodologies and technologies for this. While anecdotes and generalized surveys indicate preprocessing is the major operational task for data scientists, a detailed view of the subtasks and the domain of production data is missing. In this paper, we present a multi-stage survey on data science tasks in practice in the field of production. Using expert knowledge and insights, we found data preprocessing to be the major part of the tasks of data scientists. In detail, we found that tackling missing values, finding data point meanings, and synchronization of multiple time-series were often the most time-consuming preprocessing tasks.

SillyPutty: Improved clustering by optimizing the silhouette width.

Clustering is an important task in biomedical science, and it is widely believed that different data sets are best clustered using different algorithms. When choosing between clustering algorithms on the same data set, reseachers typically rely on global measures of quality, such as the mean silhouette width, and overlook the fine details of clustering. However, the silhouette width actually computes scores that describe how well each individual element is clustered. Inspired by this observation, we developed a novel clustering method, called SillyPutty. Unlike existing methods, SillyPutty uses the silhouette width for individual elements as a tool to optimize the mean silhouette width. This shift in perspective allows for a more granular evaluation of clustering quality, potentially addressing limitations in current methodologies. To test the SillyPutty algorithm, we first simulated a series of data sets using the Umpire R package and then used real-workd data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Using these data sets, we compared SillyPutty to several existing algorithms using multiple metrics (Silhouette Width, Adjusted Rand Index, Entropy, Normalized Within-group Sum of Square errors, and Perfect Classification Count). Our findings revealed that SillyPutty is a valid standalone clustering method, comparable in accuracy to the best existing methods. We also found that the combination of hierarchical clustering followed by SillyPutty has the best overall performance in terms of both accuracy and speed. Availability: The SillyPutty R package can be downloaded from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).

PREVENTION OF CRYSTALLISATION OF ASPHALT-RESIN-PARAFFIN DEPOSITS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A PERMANENT MAGNETIC FIELD

During the operation of oil production wells, significant losses occur due to asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) in the pores of reservoirs and lift pipes. Understanding the detection and technology for combating ARPD is an urgent scientific, technical, and practical task, as this factor affects the wells’ operability and ultimate productivity. Keywords: oil products pipeline transportation, high-viscosity oil, paraffin deposition, permanent magnetic field.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Structured Science Summarization in the Open Research Knowledge Graph

Structured science summaries or research contributions using properties or dimensions beyond traditional keywords enhance science findability. Current methods, such as those used by the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG), involve manually curating properties to describe research papers’ contributions in a structured manner, but this is labor-intensive and inconsistent among human domain-expert curators. We propose using Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically suggest these properties. However, it is essential to assess the readiness of LLMs like GPT-3.5, Llama 2, and Mistral for this task before their application. Our study performs a comprehensive comparative analysis between the ORKG’s manually curated properties and those generated by the aforementioned state-of-the-art LLMs. We evaluate LLM performance from four unique perspectives: semantic alignment with and deviation from ORKG properties, fine-grained property mapping accuracy, SciNCL embedding-based cosine similarity, and expert surveys comparing manual annotations with LLM outputs. These evaluations occur within a multidisciplinary science setting. Overall, LLMs show potential as recommendation systems for structuring science, but further fine-tuning is recommended to improve their alignment with scientific tasks and mimicry of human expertise.

Criminal Law and Its Impact to Ensure Security in Jordan

The main purpose of the article is to formulate ways to improve criminal law in Jordan, in the context of ensuring security. The object of the study is the criminal law of Jordan. The scientific task is to formulate a comprehensive model for improving Jordanian criminal legislation in the context of ensuring security. The research methodology involves the use of the IDEF0 modeling method. The result is a schematic decomposition of improvements in Jordanian criminal law in a security context. The main purpose of the article is to formulate ways to improve criminal law in Jordan, in the context of ensuring security. The object of the study is the criminal law of Jordan. The scientific task is to formulate a comprehensive model for improving Jordanian criminal legislation in the context of ensuring security. The research methodology involves the use of the IDEF0 modeling method. The result is a schematic decomposition of improvements in Jordanian criminal law in a security context. The novelty of the study lies in the development of an integrated model for improving Jordanian criminal legislation using the IDEF0 modeling method, which has not previously been used in this context. This allows you to systematically analyze and visualize the processes of improving criminal law, contributing to the understandability and effectiveness of the presented solutions. Limitations of the study include dependence on the availability of up-to-date data and the consistency of model assumptions with the actual situation in Jordan, which may affect the accuracy and relevance of the results. An important direction for further research is to test the developed model in real-world conditions and evaluate its impact on the effectiveness of criminal justice in Jordan.

Strategic Management of Financial and Economic Security: Modern Challenges and Threats in a Hyperdynamic External Environment

The main purpose of the article is to increase the efficiency of strategic management of the financial and economic security of a modern enterprise in the face of new challenges and threats. The object of the study is the system of financial and economic security of a modern company. The scientific task is to assess modern surpluses and threats in the system of ensuring the financial and economic security of an enterprise. The research methodology involves the use of modern methods of system analysis, pairwise comparison and hierarchical analysis to assess challenges and threats. As a result, a matrix of the most significant challenges and threats in the system of ensuring the financial and economic security of a modern enterprise was built. The innovativeness of the results obtained is revealed through the proposed methodological approach to assessing and streamlining challenges and threats in the system of ensuring the financial and economic security of a modern enterprise.

Improving Criminal Law in Jordan: Challenges of our Time

The main purpose of the article is to improve the main ways of strengthening criminal legislation in Jordan. The object of study is criminal law in Jordan. The scientific task is to present a modern model for improving the main ways of strengthening criminal legislation in Jordan. The research methodology involves the use of the IDEF0 modeling method. As a result, two most significant models for improving the main ways of strengthening criminal legislation in Jordan are presented. The novelty of the article lies in the presented models for improving the main ways of strengthening criminal legislation in Jordan. The study has limitations in the form of only considering the specifics of Jordan's legislation. The prospects for further research lie in the examination of criminal law in other Middle Eastern countries.

Managing Weak Signals In The Foreign Economic Activity of a Modern Enterprise: Preventing a Decrease in the Financial and Economic Security with a Strategic Approach to Solving the Problem

The main purpose of the article is to create a system for responding to weak signals in the foreign economic activity of a modern enterprise. The scientific task is to form models of response and management of weak signals in the foreign economic activity of a modern enterprise, in the context of preventing a decrease in the financial and economic security of the enterprise. The proposed approach is based on the use of methods of DFD and functional modeling. As a result, two key models were formed: the first is the main model of management decision-making in the system of responding to weak signals and the second is the management functions for responding to weak signals. Our research makes an innovative contribution by integrating DFD and functional modeling methodologies to develop comprehensive models that provide deeper and more effective understanding of managerial decision-making in the context of responding to weak signals in a dynamic foreign economic environment.

SAGES surgical data science task force: enhancing surgical innovation, education and quality improvement through data science.

SAGES surgical data science task force: enhancing surgical innovation, education and quality improvement through data science.

Using Adaptive Potential to Counteract Crisis Situations in the Context of Ensuring Financial Security and Business Sustainability of Enterprises

Abstract The main purpose of the article is to identify key factors of adaptive potential that can have a significant impact on counteracting crisis situations and increasing the level of financial security and business resilience of enterprises. The object of the study is determination of the factors of adaptive potential that directly affect the system of financial security and business sustainability of a enterprise. The scientific task is to model the hierarchical ordering of the key factors of adaptive potential according to the level of their significance in influencing crisis situations in the context of ensuring the financial security and business sustainability of enterprises. The research methodology involves the use of expert analysis methods with the additional use of the Delphi method, the method of hierarchical analysis, and graph theory. As a result of the study, a list of the most significant factors of adaptive potential for countering crisis situations was presented. As a result, the factors of adaptive potential are hierarchically ordered from the most significant to the least significant in ensuring the financial security of the enterprise. The innovativeness of the results obtained is revealed through the proposed approach to modeling the determination and order of factors of adaptive potential to counteract crisis situations. The study is limited by not taking into account the specifics of specific enterprises. Prospects for further research are aimed at taking into account the specific type of activity of enterprises for a specific country.

ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ ІНОЗЕМНИХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ В ЕКОНОМІКУ УКРАЇНИ: ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ

The global environment for international business and cross-border investment remains challenging in 2023. Although the economic obstacles that shaped investment trends in 2022 have subsided somewhat, they have not disappeared. Commodity prices, which spiked during the war in Ukraine, have come down, but the war continues and geopolitical tensions remain high. Recenupheavals in the financial sector in some developed countries are adding to investor uncertainty. The purpose of the study is to identify trends, diagnose problems, and develop promising directions for attracting foreign investment to the economy of Ukraine. In order to solve the set goal, the following scientific tasks were solved in the course of the study: the dynamics of the inflow of foreign investments and the structure of FDI into the national economy were analyzed by regional characteristics and by types of economic activity; the deterioration of the investment attractiveness of the national economy due to the reduction of the stock of FDI of Ukraine and the decrease of the index of investment attractiveness is substantiated; identified the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of attracting foreign investments to the economy of Ukraine based on the results of the SWOT analysis. In order to solve the set goal, the research determined FDI trends in the national economy and made conclusions about "investment shocks" associated with the global financial crisis of 2008, the start of the war in Donbas, COVID-19 and the full-scale war in Ukraine. This conclusion was reached by comparing the dynamics of the Investment Attractiveness Index of Ukraine with the flow of FDI into Ukraine, the trends of which were synchronized. For greater thoroughness of the research, the main foreign investors in the corporate segment were identified by the authors as companies (brands) that already had facilities in Ukraine at the time of the full-scale war and corporations that announced their intention to reinvest funds in Ukraine to support their assets. The authors substantiated the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of attracting foreign investments to the economy of Ukraine based on the results of a SWOT analysis.

Pharmacological composition based on bacteriocinnisin in experiments in vitro and in vivo.

Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem related to the transmission of bacteria and genes between humans and animals. The development of new drugs with antimicrobial activity research is an urgent task of modern science. The article presents data of in vitro and in vivo experiments on new pharmaceutical composition based on nisin. The antimicrobial activity was studied on the mastitis pathogens. To identify microorganisms the Matrix-Assisted Lazer Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) (mass spectrometry) method was performed using. To determine sensitivity, the serial dilution method and the diffusion method were used. On laboratory animals, biochemical, hematological, and histological research methods were used. Female nonlinear white laboratory rats were used, which were divided into one control group and three experimental ones. "Duration" factor was statistically significant for the following indicators: hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and eosinophils. The "Dose" factor did not show significance for any indicator, which means that the effect was similar regardless of the dose chosen. When analyzing the biochemical indicators, significant differences were found in the "Duration" and "Dose" factors, in the direction of a decrease in the indicators of total protein, globulins, urea, and an increase in the concentration of alkaline phosphatase. When conducting histological studies in the first experimental group, it was established that there were no changes in the structural and functional units of the organs. In animals of the second experimental group, the presence of reversible pathological processes of a compensatory nature was noted. More profound changes in the structure of the studied organs were recorded in the third experimental group. An in vitro study on cell cultures showed that the pharmacological composition has high antimicrobial activity against isolates from the mammary gland secretion of cows with mastitis. An in vivo study on laboratory animals showed that the developed composition belongs to the IV class of substances "low-hazard substances". Histological examination made it possible to select the safest dose of the pharmacological composition of no more than 500 mg/kg.

Influence of the sea surface temperature of equatorial Pacific Ocean on the tropical cyclones activity

Introduction. Today, the study of climate is one of the most important tasks of modern science. Particular attention is paid to issues of climate variability on different time scales. The El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading signal of interannual climate variability that influences the weather and climate of the globe. It has been revealed that during the onset of its different phases, weather and climate anomalies (up to extreme ones) are observed not only over the tropical zone of the Pacific Ocean, but also in extratropical latitudes, which are transmitted through teleconnections in the ocean-atmosphere system. Numerous studies have shown that ENSO modulates tropical cyclone activity in the northwest Pacific Ocean. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) changes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the frequency of tropical cyclones of varying intensity in the northwestern Pacific Ocean under current climatic conditions. Materials and methods of research. The work uses data of the number of cases and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) for the period 1991-2020, and series of indices ONI and SOI. Using these data, statistics on the frequency of TCs in the study area were calculated and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. The scientific novelty lies in obtaining quantitative characteristics of the relationship between SST and the number of TCs of varying intensity in modern climatic conditions. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that TCs are associated with the occurrence of severe weather conditions, which, when a TC reaches the densely populated coast of Southeast Asia, can pretend to be significant losses. Therefore, information that can be used in forecasting TCs and their trajectories is very high importance. Research results. Analysis of the frequency of TCs of different intensity in the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the 1991-2020 showed that there was a decrease in the number of tropical depressions and typhoons. However, there has been a slight increase in the occurrence of tropical storms. The results of the analysis of the influence of SST variability in the equatorial Pacific Ocean on the frequency of TCs, showed that there is a statistically significant relationship only with the frequency of typhoons. The establishment of positive SST in the center of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, associated with the El Niño episode, is associated with an increase in typhoons in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.