Scientific Staff Research Articles

DEVELOPING THE PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE OF GERMAN TEACHERS (EXPERIENCE OF TU BERGAKADEMIE FREIBERG)

Problem statement. Under the influence of European integration, globalisation and with the aim of building a single European higher education area, an important task for Ukrainian educators is to study the practical experience of foreign colleagues, in particular, in improving the pedagogical competence of teachers in higher technical education institutions. This study aims to investigate the issue of improving the pedagogical competence of teachers at the TU Bergakademie Freiberg (where one of the authors is studying under a double degree programme). Given the high standards set by German society for teachers responsible for training young professionals, we consider it necessary to analyse in detail the features of the current system of teacher training in Germany in order to be able to improve the Ukrainian system of training/retraining of scientific and pedagogical staff for higher technical education institutions. The purpose of the article is to investigate the professional development path that German teachers go through; and to analyse the innovative methods and programmes that help them become not only specialists in their field, but also effective teachers. Through this research, we aim to contribute to the understanding of the education process in Germany and to identify practices that may be useful in the context of improving higher education in Ukraine. Conclusions. The developed German system of retraining and professional up-skilling of pedagogical staff (represented by state academies/in-service training institutes and special centres of teacher education within universities) is aimed at comprehensive support of teaching staff for their continuous professional growth as civil servants responsible for the quality training of young professionals for the needs of the leading EU state. It is important to note the urgent need to use the achievements of German experience in practical training and professional up-skilling of teachers in the Ukrainian system of training and retraining of pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical staff in the field of professional pre-university and higher education. The analysis of the process of improving the pedagogical competence of teachers at the TU Bergakademie Freiberg gives grounds to assert that this task is key to ensuring quality education in higher education institutions. It is worth emphasising that the TU Bergakademie Freiberg actively invests in programmes for the professional development of its teachers. These programmes cover various aspects, ranging from technical updates to pedagogical innovations. The combination of professional up-skilling courses for teachers and supervision of students' internships is a clear indication of the dual form of education that is well organised in German society and is currently being actively implemented in Ukraine.

Addressing gender in STEM classrooms: The impact of gender bias on women scientists' experiences in higher education careers in Germany

AbstractGender bias underlying discrimination against women are particularly salient in STEM higher education. Complementing top-down measures to mitigate these issues identified in the extant literature, we aim to highlight a complementary bottom-up approach. First, to elicit gender stereotypes and gender bias in STEM, we conducted a group concept mapping (GCM) study involving women professors, teaching staff, and scientific staff from different STEM disciplines at German universities (N = 70). We first asked them to provide statements reflecting their experience in response to the following focus prompt: ‘In my career as a STEM teacher, I experienced gender issues related to:’ Experts were then asked to thematically cluster and rank the statements according to their importance and feasibility with respect to a potential pedagogical intervention that may target these issues. Findings revealed an agreement across STEM disciplines regarding stereotypical beliefs about women, heteronomous gender roles, gender workload, sexism, and structural power relations, in that they remain significant factors for hindering female success in STEM careers in higher education. Based on their experience, however, the women saw potential in working on the awareness of gender bias with pedagogical interventions in online group learning scenarios (CSCL). Statements rated most appropriate were discussed in the light of the aspects of gender bias addressed, with a specific focus on addressing them in collaborative scripts.

Polish Studies on Saturation Diving and Practical Application of Their Findings. Part III a Technical and Organisational Issues of the Implementation of Saturation Diving in Poland from the 1990s Onwards. Part 1

Abstract This article is another in a series of articles on the research and implementation of saturation diving technology in Poland. It discusses the specificities related to the implementation of this technology against the background of economic and historical conditions in our country. In Poland, the issue of saturation diving for the needs of the emerging offshore mining industry has been for over a dozen years dealt with by the Department of Diving Equipment and Technology of Underwater Works (Polish abbr. ZSNiTPP). In parallel, deep diving technologies were developed, in the first stage, as a basic diving technology and, since 1994, as complementary to ensure the full backup for saturation diving. Since 1995, saturation diving has become an everyday occurrence in the Polish economic zone of the Baltic Sea. This article shows the difficult path that the implementation of saturation diving took during a period of economic instability when the scale of the domestic offshore industry's facilities was small compared to global companies. Selected animators and participants in the implementation are recalled for two periods: one marked with the cooperation with the Italian underwater services company RANA and the other one, a period of implementation of long-term underwater works based on national capabilities. The article also considers the technical and organisational conditions for the implementation of saturation diving for the Polish mining industry. In 1990, the Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Company Petrobaltic (today LOTOS) played one of the key roles in the implementation of saturation diving in our country. The implementation of saturation diving in Poland was linked to the only operational diving system of Italian production, the Af-2, which enabled scientific research related to the application of new technical solutions and testing under operational conditions, as well as contributed to the development of scientific, engineering, and medical staff for the Polish offshore industry. The company played one of the main roles in the implementation of saturation diving in our country The 1995 became a landmark year in the history of saturation diving in Poland, as well as in the Baltic Sea. Through this technology, the process of installing the first two underwater exploitation heads on production wells B3-7 and B3-10 was initiated. The saturation diving was possible thanks to the leasing of the Af-2 diving system by Petrobaltic and its subsequent purchase by the Naval Academy in 1998.This system, after a series of upgrades, is still in service today.

Improving motivation systems for scientific and pedagogical staff in Kazakhstani universities: Insights and recommendations

Relevance. The effectiveness of education hinges significantly on the quality and motivation of teachers, making the study of motivation systems in higher education crucial. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to comprehensively analyse the existing motivation systems for scientific and pedagogical personnel in Kazakhstani universities. It aims to assess current levels of teacher satisfaction and formulate targeted recommendations to strengthen motivation strategies within the academic sector. Methodology. The study employs a multifaceted approach including synthesis, comparative analysis, economic and statistical methods, and interpretation of data sourced from the Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan. Additionally, insights are derived from an Internet survey conducted via Google Forms to capture diverse perspectives from university faculty. Results. Analysis reveals nuanced dynamics in motivational factors among university teachers in Kazakhstan, highlighting varying levels of satisfaction across demographic groups and academic disciplines. Key findings underscore the importance of enhancing career advancement opportunities and implementing robust recognition mechanisms to foster teaching excellence. Aligning institutional objectives with individual aspirations emerges as critical for promoting a motivated and engaged academic workforce. Conclusions. To effectively enhance motivation among university teachers in Kazakhstan, tailored strategies are recommended, including performance-based incentives, targeted professional development initiatives, and supportive work environments conducive to teaching innovation. Keywords: motivation system; digital education practices; professional development; work environment; labour behaviour

158 Building a National Network for Collaborative Quantitative Staff

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Quantitative Staff are an essential workforce for biomedical research. While faculty can engage with peers locally and through national organizations, similar opportunities are limited for staff and often do not meet their unique needs and interests. Creating a professional community is valuable for supporting and developing this workforce. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We established the Quantitative Scientific Staff National Network (QS2N2) with the mission to provide professional development and networking opportunities, and to serve as an information resource and advocate through the fostering of community among staff quantitative analysts at any career stage. The initial membership outreach was to all Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design (BERD) programs through members of ACTS BERD Special Interest Group (SIG). We created a Leadership Team and an Advisory Board consisting of staff and faculty biostatisticians with experience working as or managing staff to govern the network. A Core Planning Committee consisting of 15 members guides planning, implementation, and execution of network activities as operationalized through subcommittees. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The network currently has 131 members from over 30 health science institutions. Subcommittees focused on Education and Training, Membership, Communication and Web Development, and Mentoring were created and are developing events, programs and infrastructure to further the network’s mission. Network events such as webinars will be offered quarterly; with our first event planned for Nov 3rd. Expansion and maturation of QS2N2 will be done through regular remote meetings where members can connect with peers at other institutions, engage in career development activities, and attend technical seminars. Additional membership outreach will seek to connect with staff in government and private sectors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Knowledgeable, highly skilled collaborative analysts (e.g., biostatisticians, data scientists) are an essential workforce in clinical and translational science and health research centers.The QS2N2 will support professional development, engagement and growth of this critical workforce which is necessary to advance quality research.

FORMATION OF LEADERSHIP QUALITIES IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF AN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The research is conducted in the article and theoretical and practical analysis of the characteristics of leadership and the substantiation of the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation and development of leadership qualities in students in the process of professional training in a higher educational institution. An analysis of various approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of "leader", "leadership", "leadership in education", and "educational leadership" is proposed; Based on the various definitions analyzed, he identifies the signs of student leadership: initiative, contact, sensitivity, goodwill, broad social and intellectual horizons, willingness to help, etc. It is noted that the concept of leadership is considered by scientists in such aspects as leadership as a mechanism for introducing innovative changes, leadership as a model of personality formation, and leadership as the spiritual mission of an individual. The results of a study conducted among students of the first (bachelor's) level of higher education of specialty 013 "Primary Education", which was conducted to study the state of formation of leadership qualities. future primary school teachers are presented and characterized. Empirical studies have shown that students systematize all leadership qualities into the following groups: organizational, communicative, perceptual, creative, and self-regulatory. It is noted that confirmation of the qualities of a leader in future primary school teachers involves the creation of appropriate favorable conditions that ensure that students’ activities are focused on the development of leadership motivation. The article defines and characterizes the necessary psychological and pedagogical conditions: the formation of the motivational and value sphere of a future teacher education specialist for impact on the process of increasing the level of personal professional development within the limits of future professional activity; the readiness of the university’s scientific and teaching staff to work with potential leaders; formation of practical leadership experience in the conditions of educational applicants undergoing various types of teaching practice; development and implementation of training sessions in the educational process of professional training of future specialists.

Training of scientific and pedagogical staff in higher education institutions: quality and requirements

This research addresses the crucial aspect of preparing scientific and pedagogical professionals in higher education institutions, focusing on their professional development and alignment with contemporary requirements. In the rapidly evolving landscape of education, understanding the current state and adapting to emerging needs are paramount. The primary aim of this study is to explore and analyze the current trends and modern requirements for scientific and pedagogical workers in higher education institutions. This qualitative research relies on evaluative judgments presented in contemporary scientific literature. The work uses content analysis, thematic and comparison. The results reveal the significance and diversity of approaches in preparing scientific and pedagogical professionals in higher education. The analysis emphasizes the need for adaptation to the requirements of the modern educational landscape in the context of modern Master’s training. system. In the conclusion, the research underscores the importance of ongoing professional development for scientific and pedagogical professionals to meet the challenges of the dynamic educational environment. While acknowledging the role of technology, the study challenges the notion that it is the sole driver of educational development. It also highlights the continued relevance of traditional pedagogical methods and the importance of professionalism in the evolving values of educational practitioners.

Social and health Problems of the contemporary World, Background and Perspectives

The current volume of the Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Journal is devoted to diverse social and health problems, defining the causes of these problems and finding solutions. The authors of the contributions are scientists, experts, and scientific and pedagogical staff from universities and research institutes. In the modern era, we are confronted with an array of social and health challenges that demand urgent attention and innovative solutions.

The Concept of Judicial Activity during Special Periods

The article traces the main stages of formation and development of the Department of Organization of Judicial and Law Enforcement Activities, established at the Russian State University of Judgment in 1998. The creation of the department has opened a new stage in the study and teaching of disciplines, the development of which is a prerequisite for the professional training of a lawyer – judicial activity, law enforcement and judicial authorities, prosecutorial activity, human rights and law enforcement activities, enforcement proceedings. The decisive contribution of the founder of the department, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Military Board of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, retired Colonel-General of Justice Nikolay Alexandrovich Petukhov to the definition of tasks and areas of work of the department, to the creation and development of the concept of training law students, to the formation of scientific and pedagogical staff, to achieving significant success in professional retraining and professional development of judges. The article reveals the main pages of the history of the department as a center for studying the problems of organizing judicial and law enforcement activities in one of the few educational organizations in the country, the military training center at which trains reserve officers in military accounting specialties of the legal profile and reserve sergeants. The concept of judicial activity in special periods is argued, reflecting the experience of the department»s staff in solving current problems of legal science in the context of the revival of the sovereign statehood of Russia and the affirmation of the inviolability of its democratic foundation, the modernization of the economic, political, cultural, social and legal foundations and institutions of Russian society.

Daily Experience of Finalist Nursing Learners on Their Support in Clinical Internship by Supervisors

Introduction: Nursing education aims to introduce future nurses to the realities of social and professional life. In the context of professional education, all these learning activities are based on two interacting poles, namely, learning in an academic situation (simulation) and clinical learning, which means alongside the patient (patient). The primary goal of our study is to understand the daily experience of finalist nursing learners regarding support during clinical internships by supervisors. Method: This study is qualitative phenomenological. She used the phenomenological survey method, the free face-to-face and individual interview technique, with the aim of allowing the interviewee to express all their thoughts. And also made use of the interview guide, the recording device, papers and pens as data collection instruments. Results: After analysis, the results show that the learners have an unpleasant experience of support during clinical internship. And for this, they propose as strategies the appropriate training of supervisors on support, supervision of supervisors, awareness of the supervision task and the development of expected skills. Conclusion: In view of these results, we suggest that the nursing science section look into the supervision of the scientific staff assigned to support learners in clinical internships.

Language practices in the tension between scholarly prestige and institutional power: a study of negotiations between English and Norwegian at a university in Norway

ABSTRACT This article explores the tensions between the use of English and Norwegian in the everyday lives of employees at a public university in Norway. The university is responsible for educating a large proportion of students for the Norwegian labour market, while also pursuing greater internationalisation. The qualitative interview study includes the voices of researchers with both international and Norwegian backgrounds, administrative staff, and department leaders. In the article, we analyse how language practices are negotiated in the institution, and how language functions as a device for inclusion or exclusion. We have identified three key domains in which language is activated as an inclusion/exclusion device: first, in the onboarding phase; secondly, when navigating bilingual workplaces; and thirdly, while participating in the life of the university as a societal institution. We find that both scientific and administrative staff navigate according to practical concerns, aiming to balance different and sometimes conflicting interests. Our analysis shows how maintaining bilingualism requires work and effort by everyone involved and that this work and its consequences are largely individualised. While academic prestige and power are associated with the use of English, Norwegian skills can function as a gatekeeper to positions of power within the university.

PRACTICAL APPROACH IN DELIVERING THEME "AUTONOMIC REFLEXES AND THEIR CLINICAL APPLICATION" AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, POLTEVE STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

In the system of higher medical education, physiology is a fundamental discipline and occupies an important place in the system of training highly qualified medical specialists. In the system of higher medical education, physiology stands as a cornerstone discipline, holding a pivotal role in shaping the competencies of future medical professionals. The scientific and pedagogical staff at the Department of Physiology, Poltava State Medical University, is dedicated to nurturing students' capacity to analyze and synthesize both theoretical and practical knowledge, laying the groundwork for clinical acumen in future specialists. This article presents a hands-on approach to teaching the topic "Autonomic Reflexes and Their Clinical Applications" within the contemporary educational landscape, targeting second-year master's and first-year bachelor's students. Highlighting the practical significance of this topic in the future medical practice, it underscores how mastering autonomic reflexes equips students with the skills to influence internal organ activity and administer emergency medical care. Such an approach not only fosters student engagement with the subject matter but also cultivates a deeper appreciation for physiology as a whole. The article outlines the instructional principles, spanning from theoretical discourse to practical exercises, emphasizing the integral role of physiology in higher medical education. By advocating for the study of physiology as a foundational science, the article underscores its role in fostering interdisciplinary integration and shaping clinical reasoning—an essential aspect of quality medical training in today's educational landscape.

From the Ground to the Public: Old and New Fossil Discoveries from Kefalonia–Ithaca UNESCO Global Geopark and Their Value in Research, Education, and Local Palaeontological Heritage

Fossils play a crucial role in geoparks contributing to their scientific, educational and recreational aspects. The purpose of the project “Study and promotion of the palaeontological heritage of Kefalonia–Ithaca UNESCO Global Geopark” is the overall consideration of the palaeontological record of the geopark and its utilization with a holistic approach. Excavations took place in 11 new excavation sites and a total of more than 1000 specimens were recovered belonging to 13 major groups (ammonites, barnacles, belemnitida, bivalves, brachiopods, corals, fish, foraminifera, gastropods, plant leaves, rudists, scaphopods, and sea urchins). After being conserved and identified by the scientific staff, the specimens, along with replicas, were exhibited in two newly developed exhibitions at the Information Centres. The exhibitions were inspired by science labs as spaces of exploration, research, discovery and experience. Moreover, an educational package was prepared consisting of different activities for all ages. It presents how life, landscapes, and climate have changed over time and how living things responded to those changes.

Soul with beautiful and amazing creatures (to commemorate Nadezhda Petrovna Savchenko's 80th birthday and 50th anniversary of her scientific and educational endeavors)

Nadezhda Petrovna Slavchenko, a soil zoologist, spent forty years of her life and career as a teacher and scientist at the Karaganda Pedagogical Institute, Karaganda University, and the Department of Zoology. The process of educating scientific and pedagogical staff of the greatest educational institution in Central Kazakhstan is depicted retrospectively on the example of the creative fate of a professional biologist. It was difficult to go from being an assistant to the department chair and a prominent associate professor, but it was made possible by senior colleagues' encouragement and the direction of the newly established University of Karaganda. Soil zoology specialization led to contacts with renowned scientists and great individuals, as well as a fantastic unexplored world. The sole stationary soil-zoological research of invertebrate creatures conducted in Central Kazakhstan by N.P. Slavchenko soil organisms contributed to a better understanding of the relict nature of the Pleistocene island forests' faunistic complex inside the folded nation of Kazakhstan. Invertebrate representatives from over 200 species and 57 families were described; some were reported for the first time for the Sary-Arka or Kazakhstan region. The post-glacial fauna's migration paths were taken into consideration. N.P. Slavchenko's students went on to become naturalists and professors, defended scientific theses, and maintained a passion for zoological study.

Internationalization of higher education in times of crisis: from globalist tendencies to the search for national priorities

Introduction. Global socio-political crises of our time, which limit the traditional forms of international cooperation for Russian universities, actualize the problem of searching for the most effective models of internationalization of higher education. At present, the nationally-oriented model corresponds to the goals and conditions of the organization of international activities in higher education to the greatest extent. The aim of the article is to identify the possibilities of implementation of the nationally-oriented model of internationalization of higher education in the assessment of scientific and pedagogical staff. Materials and methods. The study is based on general scientific methods, the principle of additionality of approaches of Russian and foreign researchers. Two-hundred thirty pedagogical profile teachers of Novgorod State University (Russian Federation) took part in the survey. Google Forms service was used to collect statistical information. Data collection was carried out from September 2022 to June 2023. Results of the study. The majority of survey participants who had experience of international cooperation believe that internationalization is important for the development of teacher education. This view is shared by more than half of the respondents who had no international experience. The use of foreign educational practices is considered useful by 32% of respondents. The same number of teachers use educational technologies borrowed from abroad and adapted to the specific realities of the university. The majority of respondents would like to continue international cooperation. Social motives (58%), pragmatic motives (52%), and cognitive motives (75%) dominate among the respondents. A total of 11% of respondents believe that internationalization is harmful to Russian teacher education because it has a pro-Western influence on young people. A significant number of teachers (33%) support the rejection of the Bologna system, as it is, in their opinion, alien to Russian pedagogical traditions. Conclusions. The obtained data suggest that various programs of scientific and educational cooperation with universities of friendly countries are currently in demand and will be able to replace European directions of international activities. The results of the study have shown that at present there is a transition from globalist approaches to internationalization of higher education to models focused on national priorities in Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, like in other Russian universities.

Studying the peculiarities of the universities students’ motivation for research activities

Introduction. The article substantiates the need for up-to-date knowledge about the state and possibilities of university students’ research activities, taking into account the necessity to increase the importance of such activities for education and personal development of future professionals in the field of science. The purpose of the article is to present the research results (2023) reflecting the problems of involving students into research activities and ways of solving these problems, as well as the results of investigating students’ motivation at the Herzen State Pedagogical University in Russia. The innovative model of preparing highly qualified scientific and academic staff is characterized. Materials and Methods. The research methodology is based on the ideas of a personality-centered approach. Theoretical and practical methods of scientific research were applied: theoretical analysis, synthesis, classification; the online questionnaire, which revealed various aspects of students’ motivation to participation in research activities, and mathematical methods of data processing. Results. The authors presented three groups of results: - the review and analysis of studies conducted in the 2000s by Russian and international researchers on various aspects of engaging university students in research activities; - the review of current research investigations conducted in Russian universities, reflecting practice of improving university students’ research activities in various regions of the country; - the results of the study conducted in 2023 at the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia - a survey of students majoring in the following fields: Education (Education science); Psychology (psychological sciences); Psychology and Education which reflect the key positions of organizing students’ research: the engagement of students in educational activities; motivation for research activities; satisfaction with research experience; the degree of participation in the student research society; self-assessment of the research skills; assessment of existing conditions for research activities and accessibility to them at the university. Conclusions. Students will choose research activities as a basis for their professional formation if research is considered to be a leading activity in the higher educational institution; where external and internal motives of involving students in research are taken into account and regulatory and research support of students in their scientific self-determination is manifested. One of the possible forms of creating such conditions is the model of a joint master’s and doctoral-level degree program.

Методические вопросы кадрового обеспечения реализации инклюзивного высшего образования в вузах

The article provides a methodological justification for the personnel support system for the implementation of inclusive higher education at a university. The purpose and directions of the personnel support system for the implementation of inclusive higher education at the university have been determined. The structure of the personnel support system for the implementation of inclusive higher education in higher education is proposed, consisting of five elements: 1) the system implementation team, regulatory and local documents; 2) the resource support of the system; 3) the necessary measures for the implementation of the system, partners and their contribution to the successful implementation of measures; 4) the results of the implementation of the system; 5) tools and tools for evaluating the effectiveness of the system. The content of each element of the personnel support system for the implementation of inclusive higher education at the university is disclosed. It is proved that the implementation of the proposed system of personnel support for the implementation of inclusive higher education will allow the formation of a staff at the university, including managerial, scientific, pedagogical and support staff necessary for the comprehensive support of the educational process of students with disabilities and disabilities.

Performance of Frontline Demonstration on Productivity and Profitability of Utera Cropping of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under Rainfed Conditions in Tribal District Balaghat of Madhya Pradesh, India

The study was carried out during rabi season 2016-17 by the College of Agriculture Waraseoni (Balaghat), Madhya Pradesh to assess the yield gap between front-line demonstration (FLD) and farmer’s practice (FP) of Utera cropping of Linseed crop under rainfed condition of the Chhattisgarh plains. FLD’s were conducted in 11.20 ha with the active involvement of 28 farmers and scientific staff of the Institution. The findings of the present study revealed that the highest grain yield was obtained in demonstrated plots with an average of 7.25 q/ha as compared to local check with an average of 4.94 q/ha. The average of extension gap, technology gap and technology index was computed as 2.31q/ha, 2.75q/ha, and 27.53% respectively. The implementation of the enhanced package of practices in Linseed cultivation yielded a significantly higher average IBCR ratio (2.99) compared to traditional farmer practices during the study period, indicating the potential for increased productivity. This outcome underscores the effectiveness of adopting the recommended improved practices, ultimately satisfying the farming community by producing higher yields and returns.

Digitalization concepts in academic bioprocess development.

Digitalization with integrated devices, digital and physical assistants, automation, and simulation is setting a new direction for laboratory work. Even with complex research workflows, high staff turnover, and a limited budget some laboratories have already shown that digitalization is indeed possible. However, academic bioprocess laboratories often struggle to follow the trend of digitalization. Due to their diverse research circumstances, high variety of team composition, goals, and limitations the concepts are substantially different. Here, we will provide an overview on different aspects of digitalization and describe how academic laboratories successfully digitalized their working environment. The key aspect is the collaboration and communication between IT-experts and scientific staff. The developed digital infrastructure is only useful if it supports the laboratory worker and does not complicate their work. Thereby, laboratory researchers have to collaborate closely with IT-experts in order for a well-developed and maintainable digitalization concept that fits their individual needs and level of complexity. This review may serve as a starting point or a collection of ideas for the transformation toward a digitalized laboratory.

Analysis of foreign scientific relations and business trips of the Riga Medical Institute from 1950 to 1991

Relevance. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the role of foreign scientific contacts and professors' trips from 1950 to 1991 in the context of bibliographic sources underlines the tasks of the teaching character of the Riga Medical Institute. Since one of the least studied periods in the history of Latvian medicine with its ideological specificity is the period from 1950 to 1991, only individual studies can be found, including the history of the Riga Medical Institute and the Latvian State University in the monograph “From University to University”. The 60-year presence of Latvia in the USSR is often interpreted and idealized in two ways. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to consider the analysis of foreign scientific relations and business trips of the faculty of the Riga Medical Institute in the period from 1950 to 1991 in terms of bibliographic sources. For trips of scientific and teaching staff of the Riga Medical Institute outside the USSR, in the period from the establishment of the RSU until the restoration of the independence of the Republic of Latvia in 1991, is characterized by connection with the political situation of the USSR system in international scientific relations. Methodology. The modern world has great opportunities for international cooperation and freedom of movement. Results. Students and Western scientists lack an understanding of the complex possibilities of scientific and academic staff of the Riga Medical Institute for scientific communication with researchers outside the USSR. Therefore, this topic has already attracted the attention of other European researchers. Conclusions. Practical significance lies in the updating of problems of foreign scientific relations and business trips of professors and teachers of the Riga Medical Institute in the period from 1950 to 1991 on the basis of new primary sources.