Science Sector Research Articles

Examining the perceived transparency of DTC genetic testing company communication and its impact on consumer trust, attitude and behavioral intentions

PurposeThis study examines perceived transparency of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing communication and measures its impact on consumers' trust, attitudes, and the intention to recommend the test to others.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey of US–based adults (over 18 years of age) (N = 271) was administered by the online panel company Qualtrics Panels. The sample consisted of participants who have taken a DTC genetic test previously because only existing consumers could provide insight into companies' transparency about the entire genetic testing process (including the communication before, during, and after) as they experienced it. Participants were asked questions that measured intention to recommend DTC genetic tests to others, trust, attitude toward the DTC testing, and perceptions of transparency of the DTC companies' communication.FindingsResults indicated that consumers who perceive DTC genetic testing companies to be transparent in their communication tend to trust the genetic testing process more, have more positive attitudes toward DTC genetic tests, and are more likely to recommend the tests to others.Research limitations/implicationsThis study integrates corporate communication and science communication through the theoretical framework of transparency. It empirically demonstrates that message transparency is key to increasing the publics' trust, attitude and behavioral intentions toward companies that involve sensitive health information or online privacy.Originality/valueThis paper answers previous calls to explore the organizational approach of science communication in the context of the under-examined companies in the science and health sectors, specifically the DTC genetic testing industry.

Brazilian Space Sector: Historical Analysis of the Public Budget

We propose a historical analysis of the Brazilian space budget based on activities. The main contribution of this article is to consider Brazilian space public budget data in the context of an international classification that allows a better understanding of the priorities set by Brazil in its space sector over the last two decades. Brazilian space policy and activities have suffered from varying budgets ever since the inception of the space program. This follows the pattern of the Science, Technology, and Innovation sector, but there are also issues regarding the space sector itself. Launching centers and Earth observation are identified as the two priority areas for the Brazilian space program. One of the findings of this research is that the funding for research institutions has decreased over time, which was not that clear from previous data.

Rainfall variability and trends over Rwanda

Rainfall is regarded as one of the foundational concepts for comprehending climate variability and/or change. This paper aimed at examining the seasonal and annual rainfall variability and its associated trends over Rwanda between 1981 and 2017. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) was used to determine the rainfall variability. Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator techniques were used to detect trends and to quantify the magnitude of change. High rainfall variability was observed over eastern Rwanda, around Kigali city and central plateau, while the south-western, western and the north highland revealed lower rainfall variability. Trend analysis of annual and March-May (MAM) rainfall season depicted a significant decrease of -6.7% over south-western region (Kamembe-Aero station) and -9.8% over eastern parts (Kibungo-Kazo) respectively. A significant increase in trend of 4.3% over North-western (Gisenyi-Aero station) during September-December (SOND) season was also obtained. The rest of the stations registered a non-significant trend on both seasonal and annual time scales. Spatially, areas of Kigali City, eastern and central parts of Rwanda revealed a decreasing trend whereas an increasing trend was observed over the western, northern highland, north eastern and southern region except for the areas towards the south-east. The high rainfall variability and significant nature of changing trends demand that rain-dependent sectors of the economy link climate science and policy in order to make proper planning. With proper climate homogeneity zoning, the agricultural sector in particular needs to develop effective techniques that optimize food production including water use rationalisation.

Human Development Assessment in the Russian Federation

The article evaluates human development in the Russian Federation. An analysis of the Human Development Index data for 2015–2019, calculated according to the methodology of the UN Development Program, showed that, firstly, the level of coverage of the educated population in Russia is one of the highest in the world, therefore education is a fundamental factor in the growth of the HDI in the Russian Federation ; secondly, insufficient funding for the public health of the population determines the low life expectancy, which is one of the most important problems of the country that hinders the HDI; thirdly, the low level of GNI per capita, which forms a low standard of living in the Russian Federation in comparison with developed European countries, is an obstacle to the innovative development of human potential. An analysis of the impact of changes in the components of human development in the regions of the Russian Federation on the calculated human development index showed that there is a gap in the HDI indicators of various regions of the Russian Federation, causing disproportions in the economy and a general slowdown in the development of the country. It is proposed to use the author's methodology of the modernized HDI for a comprehensive assessment of the level of human development. The simulated index takes into account a larger number of its components to assess the real state of affairs in the country and the state, as well as to develop a strategy for improving human development. As a result of calculations and analysis of the modernized index, it was found that the HDI is significantly lower than the HDI (by 17.5%), which allows us to conclude that the concept of "human development" should include a wider set of requirements both to its essence and to its calculation. It was revealed that there are two indicators that are part of the AIDM, with very low values: the indicator of the needs for respect and recognition and the indicator of aesthetic needs. The failure in the indicators is due, on the one hand, to the insufficient impact on the human development of the scientific, managerial and creative intelligentsia in Russia, and on the other hand, to the underdevelopment of the “creative” and scientific sector of the economy and the state’s disinterest in investing in it.

Effect of laminar and turbulent flow on the collective motion of plasma microdischarges at atmospheric pressure

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is used for many important applications in various sectors of science and technology. For example, for ozone generation, surface modification of polymers, in plasma medicine, and for decomposition of heavy volatile organic compounds. Nowadays, one of the actual problems is getting of uniformity of discharge distribution for high quality treatment of materials surfaces. To achieve uniform distribution of the discharge, several methods are available, one is to use different types of noble gases, and another is to use AC power supply with frequency varied in wide range. But besides this, another of the potential methods for obtaining a uniformly distributed discharge is to blow through the discharge gap flow of air. This method was used in this paper to conduct experiments which consisted of oscilloscoping voltage and current values, high-speed imaging, also gas flow simulation for comparison with the experiments. The obtained results show the dynamics of microdischarge motion in laminar and turbulent flow regimes, which supported by flow simulation.

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR ON THE DECISION OF APPLYING MULTI-PURPOSE LOANS IN FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (FINTECH)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of consumer behavior on the decision to submit a multipurpose loan for funds in the science and technology sector. The sample used in this study was 80 respondents. By using the accidental sampling method. The data used are primary data using questionnaires. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that there is a significant influence of cultural and social factors on the decision to submit a multipurpose fund loan to the science and technology department. While there is no significant effect of personal factors on the decision to apply for a multipurpose fund loan in fintek, while the adjusted R Square value obtained is 0.525. This shows that the amount of cultural, social and personal contribution simultaneously influences the decision to apply for a multipurpose fund loan in fintek is 52.5%, while the remaining 47.5% is influenced by factors outside cultural, social and personal.

Intersectional Invisibility in Women's Diversity Interventions.

Many diversity interventions for women are ineffective. One reason for this may be that the field that diversity interventions are usually based on, the social sciences, often do not consider intra-group differences among women. Specifically, differences by racialization may be excluded from such diversity interventions. The present research examines whether racially marginalized women have different diversity interventions needs than White women, and whether organizations are less likely to represent those needs (i.e., intersectional invisibility). Across an open-ended coding (n = 293) and a ranking study (n = 489), Black women noted a need to incorporate intersectional differences, Asian women prioritized methods to address challenges to their authority, and White women indicated a need to address agency perceptions. Improving work-life balance and networks was a shared concern among participants, though we theorized different racially gendered reasons for why these intervention needs are relevant to each group. In Study 3 (n = 92 organizations), we analyzed organizations’ websites using word count and textual analysis. Organizations— including the Education, Science, and Research sector— most readily advocated for women through enhancing agency. They were also less likely to mention dealing with perceptions of excessive agency or addressing intersectional considerations. The organizations broadly mentioned other marginalized groups besides women, but rarely did they do so intersectionality. Taken together, our findings demonstrate different intervention priorities across differently racialized groups. We found evidence of intersectional invisibility where organizations were more likely to address agency-enhancing intervention needs while failing to include other intervention needs relevant for Black women and Asian women. We discuss the implications of these findings for organizations, in general, as well as potential implications for the field of academic social sciences.

Electrochemiluminescence within veterinary Science: A review

Veterinary science or veterinary medicine is a diverse and significant field. Concerned not only with the diagnosis and treatment of domestic animals and livestock, but it also places focus upon zoonotic diseases, the development and effectiveness of potential vaccines and the possibility of transmission of veterinary medication or viruses into animal food products. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful analytical technique, which despite its significant intrinsic benefits has not seen enormous adoption into the wider analytical chemical community. In contrast, the veterinary science sector has reaped the merit of ECL as far back as the late 90′s and continue to benefit from development of the technique a further three decades later. ECL offers the superb sensitivity, low running costs, rapid results and high reliability required within the veterinary science sector, as such its employment in this area shouldn’t be surprising. To this end this article aims to summarise the standing of ECL within the veterinary science field, in an attempt increase the awareness of its successful employment within this area to the electro-analytical and wider analytical chemistry communities. Where it is hope veterinary science will gain recognition as possible end user targets for academic and industrial electrochemical researchers.

Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion and bioconvection in magnetohydrodynamic three-dimensional nanomaterials of non-Newtonian fluid containing microorganisms with variable thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity

Inspired by the latest deeds of nanotechnology and biomedical sciences and their plentiful features in the science and engineering sectors, we developed a mathematical model for the magnetohydrodynamic, steady, incompressible bio-convection flow of micropolar Casson Cross nanofluid (MCCNF) via a nonlinear stretchable surface. Novel attributes regarding heat and mass transport phenomenon are retained including the Brownian motion and thermophoresis dispersion. The impact of nonlinear thermal radiation and Arrhenius activation energy along the chemical reaction is taken into account. The conversion variables are used to alter the system of PDEs coupled with nonlinear differential equations. The Bvp4c built-in function MATLAB is used along with the Lobatto-IIIA formula to equip the reduced set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Graphs have been designed to investigate the behavior of flow parameters via velocity components, micro rotation distribution, heat profile, concentration, and microorganism field. It is deceptive that axial velocity is upsurged as the mixed convection parameter augments. The numerical simulation of bio-convective non-Newtonian fluid flow containing nanoparticles and microorganisms with bioconvective applications configured by a linear stretchable surface is scrutinized for the first time.

Правовое регулирование развития цифровой образовательной среды и коммерциализация результатов научных разработок в образовании

Introduction: one of the national development goals of the Russian Federation until 2030 is digital transformation, which implies the achievement of “digital maturity” of key sectors of the Russian economy and social sphere, including healthcare and education, as well as public administration. The goals, objectives, and measures for the implementation of state policy designed to promote the formation of the digital economy in Russia, the use of science and technology as a key factor in the development of the country, to ensure national interests and the implementation of strategic national priorities are defined by the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017–2030. Purpose: to analyze the main directions of digital transformation of the science and education sector in connection with the intensification of the process of digitalization of all spheres of society, fixed as one of the priorities of Russia’s development at the state level; to study the conditions for effective interaction of universities with industry and business. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is the methods of scientific cognition, among which the main ones are the methods of systematicity, analysis, and comparative law. Results: the necessity of defining a new role of education for the sustainable development of Russia and ensuring structural changes in the country’s economy is revealed; new trends related to the transfer of knowledge and technology from universities to the industry are described, legislative initiatives and other instruments of its stimulation are considered; some problems of the development of science, education, and entrepreneurship in the light of the implementation of the national project “Digital Economy” are identified. Conclusions: a system of educational quality criteria for creating a digital educational environment is defined; it is established that the mechanism of commercialization of the results of scientific applied research and development in the Russian Federation does not function effectively enough; the problems and directions of improving the legal regulation of relations in the field of public-private partnership, the results of artificial intelligence, the development of the digital educational environment are shown.

Semiannual Variation of Total Ion Density of Topside Ionosphere Over Indian Equatorial and Low Latitudes

The International Scientific Research Organization for Science, Engineering and Technology (ISROSET) is a Non-Profit Organization; The ISROSET is dedicated to improvement in academic sectors of Science (Chemistry, Bio-chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Science, Bioscience, Bioinformatics, Biometrics, Biostatistics, Microbiology, Environmental Management, Medical Science, Forensic Science, Home Science, Library Science, Material Science Military Science, Physical Science, Physical Education Science, Educational Science, Fisheries, seed technology, Agriculture, Forestry Science, Mathematics, Physics, Statistics and Geology/Earth Science), Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Commerce, Management, Economics Sociology and Social Science.

Possible Relations between Fast Radio Bursts and Gamma Ray Bursts

The International Scientific Research Organization for Science, Engineering and Technology (ISROSET) is a Non-Profit Organization; The ISROSET is dedicated to improvement in academic sectors of Science (Chemistry, Bio-chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Science, Bioscience, Bioinformatics, Biometrics, Biostatistics, Microbiology, Environmental Management, Medical Science, Forensic Science, Home Science, Library Science, Material Science Military Science, Physical Science, Physical Education Science, Educational Science, Fisheries, seed technology, Agriculture, Forestry Science, Mathematics, Physics, Statistics and Geology/Earth Science), Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Commerce, Management, Economics Sociology and Social Science.

Generalized Composite Regression with Ratio and Product Estimators in Double Sampling

The International Scientific Research Organization for Science, Engineering and Technology (ISROSET) is a Non-Profit Organization; The ISROSET is dedicated to improvement in academic sectors of Science (Chemistry, Bio-chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Science, Bioscience, Bioinformatics, Biometrics, Biostatistics, Microbiology, Environmental Management, Medical Science, Forensic Science, Home Science, Library Science, Material Science Military Science, Physical Science, Physical Education Science, Educational Science, Fisheries, seed technology, Agriculture, Forestry Science, Mathematics, Physics, Statistics and Geology/Earth Science), Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Commerce, Management, Economics Sociology and Social Science.

Microwave Heat Treatment Effects on the Microbial Profile of Some Ready-To-Eat Street Vended Snacks

The International Scientific Research Organization for Science, Engineering and Technology (ISROSET) is a Non-Profit Organization; The ISROSET is dedicated to improvement in academic sectors of Science (Chemistry, Bio-chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Science, Bioscience, Bioinformatics, Biometrics, Biostatistics, Microbiology, Environmental Management, Medical Science, Forensic Science, Home Science, Library Science, Material Science Military Science, Physical Science, Physical Education Science, Educational Science, Fisheries, seed technology, Agriculture, Forestry Science, Mathematics, Physics, Statistics and Geology/Earth Science), Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Commerce, Management, Economics Sociology and Social Science.

Human Activity Recognition Data Analysis: History, Evolutions, and New Trends.

The Assisted Living Environments Research Area–AAL (Ambient Assisted Living), focuses on generating innovative technology, products, and services to assist, medical care and rehabilitation to older adults, to increase the time in which these people can live. independently, whether they suffer from neurodegenerative diseases or some disability. This important area is responsible for the development of activity recognition systems—ARS (Activity Recognition Systems), which is a valuable tool when it comes to identifying the type of activity carried out by older adults, to provide them with assistance. that allows you to carry out your daily activities with complete normality. This article aims to show the review of the literature and the evolution of the different techniques for processing this type of data from supervised, unsupervised, ensembled learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, transfer learning, and metaheuristics approach applied to this sector of science. health, showing the metrics of recent experiments for researchers in this area of knowledge. As a result of this article, it can be identified that models based on reinforcement or transfer learning constitute a good line of work for the processing and analysis of human recognition activities.

Synthesis of Silicon Di Oxide Nano-Particles By Sol-Gel Method for Applications in Geopolymer Composites

The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized the major sectors of science and technology. However, synthesis methodology plays a prime role in deciding the size, shape, and purity of nanoparticles. The sol-gel method of synthesis can control the size and morphology of nanoparticles. It is one of the simplest ways to produce nanoparticles in pure form from the bottom-up approach. In this study, silica nanoparticles were produced through the sol-gel method. Sodium silicate was used as precursor material, with ethanol as solvent. CTAB and Ammonia were used as catalyst and reducing agents respectively. The synthesis process was followed by 4 hours of calcination. The obtained nanoparticles were subjected to FESEM, EDAX, XRD, and PSD analysis. From the results, it is observed that the synthesized nanoparticles had an average diameter of 26nm.

Industrial Organic Synthesis in Life Sciences – Today and Tomorrow

The Life Science sector is currently undergoing a revolutionary transformation – powered by the convergence of biology, technology and data-driven insights. The important enabling role of synthetic organic chemistry in this transformation is sometimes overlooked. In this Guest Editorial, a perspective on the current and future role of synthetic organic chemistry in the Life Science Industry is provided.

Analysis and global research trends on nautical tourism and green coastal infrastructures: the case of coral reefs and seagrass meadows

BackgroundThis article aims to analyse the scientific production related to the impact worldwide of recreational and sports tourism on the conservation and management of coast and marine green infrastructures. To this end, the research focuses on two of the ecosystems, where this type of tourism exerts pressure on a global scale: seagrass meadows and coral reefs. Based on Scopus and WoS databases, different levels of analysis have been carried through the application of bibliometrics to identify the most prevalent topics and future research trends.ResultsThe main results are summarised as follows. On the one hand, many publications in the scientific sector analyse how tourism and recreational activity affect specific marine ecosystems, especially coral reefs. On the other hand, the phenomenon of Global Change and the social and environmental effects on marine ecosystems with significant tourism potential have been identified as one of the most studied research topics. Finally, emerging research trends have been identified, including environmental monitoring and tracking programs aimed at controlling tourism, aspects related to the participation of the population and local tourism sectors, and the role of ecotourism in marine protected areas.ConclusionsIn conclusion, a greater commitment from the public administration and a greater social awareness of the ecosystem services it generates is needed. If the species and the natural environment are not conserved and protected, the tourist attractiveness of these areas would be lost and, ultimately, the tourism of the area would change, with the consequent loss of well-being for the whole community.

460 Adaptive Capacity and Preparedness of CTSAs: The Environmental Scan Approach and Findings

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Illuminate processes and findings of the Environmental Scan of Adaptive Capacity and Preparedness of CTSAs done by the CTSA Working Group. Share challenges, strategies, and lessons learned for CTSAs to build Capacity to address clinical and translational barriers while responding to emergencies. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: An Environmental Scan approach for searching, collecting, analyzing and using information from diverse sources regarding CTSA hubs experiences during emergency as related to research implementation, translation, support, adaptation, and preparedness: - Triangulating multiple data sources and mixed methods (e.g., literature review, document/RPPR analysis, and expert review); - Secondary analysis of the JCTS COVID-19 Survey of the CTSAs: challenges, lessons learned, and practices that work in various program components/areas; - Using feedback of CTSA professionals from multiple disciplines to enhance our knowledge of emergency preparedness and efficient adaptation to public health and other crises. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The E-scan approach helped identify challenges, successful practices, and evidence-based strategies for building adaptive capacity and preparedness of CTSAs across various scientific sectors of the translational science spectrum. Some of the findings include: - Roadmaps for the creation of new collaborative research resources (biobanks; data repositories, etc.); - Rapid clinical and research decision making during public health crises; - New community-based research strategies to facilitate communication, research dissemination, and participant recruitment based on existing trust-based networks; - Innovative resource allocation to guarantee continuity of training and research opportunities for trainees. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The Environmental Scan of the Adaptive Capacity of CTSA hubs provides useful knowledge and tools to diverse clinical research stakeholders for mitigating the impact of a disaster via adjusting programs, practices, and processes, and building capacity for effective, emergency-ready and responsive research, training, and community engagement.

Artes Liberales as a Prototype for Academic Education of 21st Century

An increasingly globalised world of the new millennium with its technological, socio-economic, and political challenges requires such type of a university that could guarantee an effective educational space for the academic training of professionals for those disciplines that are and will be crucial for the very existence and progress of the state, the preservation and development of its potential for full participation and competitiveness in global markets. To this end, academic institutions need to take into account, as part of their educational and research process, the latest technological and socio-economic trends in global developments in the industrial and scientific sectors. One possibility to meet institutionally these criteria is a liberal university with its potential to contribute a qualification basis for, e.g. the so-called global managers, top performers, creators of technical and social innovation, and for the enhancement of globalising science. This paper aims to present and highlight, via synthesis, descriptive, analytical and historical methods, how a liberal university can contribute to increasing the political and economic openness of the European Union within its own space, as well as to its openness to the outside world in global educational and socio-economic space.