Scientific Research Research Articles

Aspects of Developing an Innovative, Energy-Efficient, Low-Emission Co-Generator

Purpose. To develop a model and construct an experimental, innovative co-generator with high energy efficiency and low emissions. This involves developing a system that can efficiently generate both electricity and heat simultaneously while minimizing emissions, contributing to sustainability efforts, and addressing energy demands in a more environmentally friendly manner. Methodology. To achieve the goal, a system approach is utilized, enabling the selection of modelling types for the development of an experimental, cutting-edge co-generation system capable of efficiently producing both electricity and heat with superior energy efficiency and minimal emissions. For this purpose, the following steps were completed: processing and summarizing available literature and patent sources, analysing scientific and technical papers on the selection and application of modelling types in co-generation systems, and considering principles and individual approaches to input data formation for mathematical modelling. This process enables the selection of a mechanism and the creation of simulation models for effective energy production at various enterprises. Findings. Assessment is performed of the energy efficiency of the co-generator system under various operating conditions, comparing it with existing conventional methods of electricity and heat generation. Results are presented of performance testing to determine the system’s capability to simultaneously generate electricity and heat efficiently, considering factors such as output stability, load responsiveness, and overall reliability. Identification and evaluation are performed of innovative technologies and methodologies integrated into the co-generator design, highlighting their effectiveness in enhancing energy efficiency and reducing emissions. Insights into any operational challenges encountered during the construction, testing, and optimization phases, along with proposed solutions or improvements to solve these problems. The analysis of the overall environmental impact of deploying the co-generator showed potential benefits in terms of reduced greenhouse gas emissions and local air quality improvement. Originality. Using a combination of scientific approaches encompassing physics and heat transfer engineering, in accordance with the first law of thermodynamics, such as the conservation laws of energy and entropy, and principles of heat exchange employed to transfer heat between different mediums, gas kinetics have yielded values for the energy transformation coefficient, indicating qualitative characteristics of fuel thermolysis and power generation as the final product. Practical value. The results provide for developing a comprehensive model of an advanced co-generation system capable of efficiently producing both electricity and heat with superior energy efficiency and minimal emissions. It also entails determining the types of models for mathematical modelling at all management levels and establishing a new method for input data formation for both technologies and their subsystems, incorporating additional technological implementations.

Gastronomic optimization: Scientific approaches to enhancing restaurant performance

This paper examines scientific approaches to gastronomic optimization aimed at improving the efficiency of restaurants. The focus is on integrating modern technologies, including data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI), to improve the quality of service, optimize menus and manage inventory. Culinary innovations such as the Sous Vide cooking method and fusion cuisine, which enhance the gastronomic value of dishes, are also being explored. The use of data analytics allows you to better understand customer preferences and make offers more targeted, and the introduction of AI helps to increase operational efficiency and ensure uniformity in service. In addition, the importance of POS systems for sales and inventory management, as well as improving the customer experience, is emphasized. Thus, scientifically based methods and technologies play a key role in increasing the competitiveness of the restaurant business and meeting the growing demands of consumers.

Utilization of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in Cement Mortar: Performance Analysis Against M-Sand

This study aims to explore the feasibility of incorporating Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) as a sustainable alternative to manufactured sand (M-Sand) in cement mortar, to enhance both environmental sustainability and mechanical performance. The research involves a systematic investigation where M-Sand is progressively replaced by GBFS at varying levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The effects of these replacements are evaluated through a series of tests that focus on the mortar's physical properties, as well as its compressive and tensile strengths. Experimental results reveal that replacing 30% of M-Sand with GBFS produces the most favorable outcomes, with the compressive strength of the mortar exceeding that of the control mix by 12% after 28 days. The tensile strength also showed marked improvements at this replacement level. However, when the replacement level exceeds 30%, both compressive and tensile strengths begin to diminish, indicating that excessive substitution may adversely affect the mortar's structural integrity. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the optimal use of GBFS in cement mortar, demonstrating that a 30% substitution not only enhances strength characteristics but also contributes to more sustainable construction practices by reducing reliance on natural sand resources. This research supports the potential of GBFS as a viable material for improving the environmental profile and durability of cement-based materials.

The Type 1 Diabetes T Cell Receptor and B Cell Receptor Repository in the AIRR Data Commons: a practical guide for access, use and contributions through the Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium.

Human molecular genetics has brought incredible insights into the variants that confer risk for the development of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. The hallmark cell-mediated immune destruction that is characteristic of type 1 diabetes is closely linked with risk conferred by the HLA class II gene locus, in combination with a broad array of additional candidate genes influencing islet-resident beta cells within the pancreas, as well as function, phenotype and trafficking of immune cells to tissues. In addition to the well-studied germline SNP variants, there are critical contributions conferred by T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) genes that undergo somatic recombination to yield the Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire (AIRR) responsible for autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. We therefore created the T1D TCR/BCR Repository (The Type 1 Diabetes T Cell Receptor and B Cell Receptor Repository) to study these highly variable and dynamic gene rearrangements. In addition to processed TCR and BCR sequences, the T1D TCR/BCR Repository includes detailed metadata (e.g. participant demographics, disease-associated parameters and tissue type). We introduce the Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium goals and outline methods to use and deposit data to this comprehensive repository. Our ultimate goal is to facilitate research community access to rich, carefully annotated immune AIRR datasets to enable new scientific inquiry and insight into the natural history and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.

Research of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology in Bridge Detection

Fiber optic sensing technology is a new type of detection technology that realizes information transmission through total reflection of light and photoelectric conversion. It has been used in the fields of medicine, military, communication, transportation, industrial control, scientific research, etc., especially in the field of bridges for decades.This paper summarizes the research status of optical fiber sensing technology and optical fiber in bridge detection, and reviews the application of optical fiber in bridge detection. First, this paper introduce the optical fiber technology, its working principle and application advantages. Secondly, the feasibility of optical fiber sensing technology in bridge detection is demonstrated through concrete application cases. It includes the detection of bridge structure and the detection of bridge material structure. Through the optical fiber sensing technology, this paper can detect the hidden dangers of the bridge in a timely and non-destructive manner Finally, this paper prospect the future development of optical fiber technology in the field of bridge detection.

Socio-economic transformation follows environmental change on Svalbard

The European Arctic, which includes the Svalbard archipelago, is situated in one of the areas showing most notable changes due to global warming and associated cascade events and processes. The main driving factor, temperature rise, is continuing to cause a large-scale overall decline in ice, from glacier retreating, less coastal land-fast ice to thinning and shrinking of open-sea pack ice. This, together with increased inflow of Atlantic waters, is causing profound changes in the local fauna, food web and biodiversity. In parallel, changes in landscape are also notable, mainly due to increasing coastal erosion and glacial melt. Over the past decades, both the traditional hunting-trapping lifestyle and mining have declined almost to the point of non-existence. At the same time, destination tourism and scientific research have become the major industries, both associated with an increase in the size of the main settlement of Longyearbyen, and thus also service jobs and local administration. Along with the shrinking of the glaciated Arctic landscape, the archipelago exemplifies the broadest level of nature protection in Europe. Strict environmental regulations that restrict and even prohibit human activities in large areas contribute to Svalbard being one of the best formally protected wilderness environments in the entire Arctic. Thus, as Svalbard marine ecosystems continue to change, they also are becoming more accessible to humans, and so also anthropogenic pressures are both changing and increasing in extent. We provide a compilation of both ecosystem components and human activities, together with indications of how these are, in parallel, changing. This forms the basis for future ecosystem and societal valuation assessments.

Autocatalysis-Integrated Bioorthogonal (Poly)Catalyst-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Living Cell Membrane Antigens.

Immunoassay methods, notably enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs),renowned for their signal amplification capabilities, are extensively employed in scientific research and clinical diagnostics. However, the instability of enzymes and their sensitivity to cellular environments present significant challenges for the broad application of ELISA in living cells. In this work, we present a bioorthogonal (poly)catalysis-linked immunosorbent assay (BCLISA) designed for the detection of cell membrane antigens, whichinvolvescoupling bioorthogonal catalysts based on small molecules or polymers to antibodies. After screening, we opted for the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) as the core reaction system. The polymer-based catalysts exhibit enhanced reactivity at the same molecular concentration due to their multiple catalytic sites. Polytriazoles formed during the CuAAC reaction have the ability to chelate Cu(I),therebypromoting faster catalysis. By harnessing this autocatalytic feature, we successfully increased the signal amplification potential of BCLISA. Ultimately, this autocatalysis-integrated BCLISA technique was employed for antigen detection and imaging on bothin vitroand living cell membranes. This approachoffersa new method for the detection and imaging of low-abundance antigens on living cells.

Time series trends and correlations of aerosol optical depth and cloud parameters over Addis Ababa

Aerosols are microscopic liquid or solid particles that enter the atmosphere through natural and man-made processes. Time series trends and correlations of aerosol optical depth and cloud parameters over Addis Ababa have become the subject of scientific research because of the importance of clouds in controlling climate. In this study, we have examined the temporal variations (time series analysis) in aerosol particles over Addis Ababa and the impact of these variations on various optical properties of clouds using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from January 2003 to December 2018. The maximum aerosol optical depth (AOD) was found during the summer period, with minimum values in winter. During summer, the air temperature is high, which leads to abundant atmospheric water vapor, facilitating the hygroscopic growth of aerosols. We then analyzed the relationships between AOD and other cloud parameters, namely, water vapor (WV), cloud fraction (CF), cloud top temperature (CTT), and cloud top pressure (CTP), to provide a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions. The correlation between AOD and CF and WV was positive for Addis Ababa, while there was a negative correlation with CTT and CTP.

The Aromaticity of Osmapentalenes Derivatives. An Analysis Based on Electron-delocalization Indices.

A systematic investigation of the aromatic features of the electronic structures of a family of recently synthesized osmapentalene derivatives has been carried by means of indices derived from the calculated one-electron density matrix of the corresponding geometry optimized compounds, and complemented by the analysis of the valence molecular orbitals and the delocalized bonding units emerging from the adaptive natural density partitioning method. The calculated delocalization indices between consecutive atom pairs, and normalized multicenter indices are very suggestive of the aromatic character of the equatorial fused carbon rings (except triangular ones) for all the members of the family. Since the electron-delocalization based indices allow precise quantification of the aromaticity, differences of the aromatic character among the various members have also been highlighted, and have been found to be consistent with the magnetic based criteria indices reported earlier. Finally, the valence molecular orbitals along with the delocalized bonding units of the adaptive natural density partitioning indicate that the aromaticity of these compounds is sustained by either 10 or 14 π electrons, which satisfy the Hückel aromatic electron counting rule.

Exploring Bonding Configurations in MnBi2Te4-Type Materials.

We perform a systematic investigation of several crystal structures, based on monolayer MnBi2Te4, of the form MnBiBiiXi2Xii2 using first-principles calculations. Our analysis shows that the most energetically favorable bonding configuration of the constituent elements in monolayer MnBiBiiXi2Xii2 is determined by the bond length between the Mn atom and its nearest X-site atoms. Tuning the bonding configuration of the material alters the magnetic, electronic, and topological properties. We also calculate the magnetic exchange parameters and magnetic anisotropy energy of the predicted structures. The calculations show that the elements at the X sites mainly determine the magnetic properties. Finally, we propose a stable phase of monolayer MnBi2S2Te2 (i.e., γ-MnBi2S2Te2) that exhibits the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE). This study demonstrates that the bonding configuration of MnBi2Te4-type materials provides avenues for tuning the magnetic, electronic, and topological properties of van der Waals (vdW) materials.

Acquaintance, attitude, and perceived barriers regarding scientific research publications among clinical nurses: a cross-sectional study at tertiary care hospitals in western Rajasthan

IntroductionIn today's era, conducting nursing research is crucial for the advancement of the nursing profession. Scientific publications in clinical research aim to improve patient care outcomes and foster a sense of importance for nurses within the healthcare team. However, clinical nurses often fall behind due to factors such as limited familiarity, attitudes toward research, and encountered barriers.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers regarding scientific research publications among clinical nurses at tertiary care hospitals in western Rajasthan.MethodologyA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among the clinical nurses. The participants were assessed for their knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers regarding scientific research publications through a self-administered questionnaire.ResultsThe study revealed that 92% of the participants lacked sufficient knowledge about scientific research publications and 78.3% experienced moderate perceived barriers. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated a weak positive correlation (r = 0.143, p = 0.007) between knowledge and attitude and a significant negative correlation (r = −0.143, p = 0.012) between knowledge and perceived barriers. However, multiple linear regression analysis showed no significant relationship among the clinical nurses in terms of knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers toward scientific research publications.ConclusionThis study on clinical nurses revealed that the majority had insufficient knowledge about scientific research, while over half had neutral attitudes toward research publications. In addition, a significant portion of the clinical nurses reported experiencing moderate perceived barriers.

A study of structural effects on the focusing and imaging performance of hard X-rays with 20–30 nm zone plates

Hard X-ray microscopes with 20–30 nm spatial resolution ranges are an advanced tool for the inspection of materials at the nanoscale. However, the limited efficiency of the focusing optics, for example, a Fresnel zone plate (ZP) lens, can significantly reduce the power of a nanoprobe. Despite several reports on ZP lenses that focus hard X-rays with 20 nm resolution – mainly constructed by zone-doubling techniques – a systematic investigation into the limiting factors has not been reported. We report the structural effects on the focusing and imaging efficiency of 20–30 nm-resolution ZPs, employing a modified beam-propagation method. The zone width and the duty cycle (zone width/ring pitch) were optimized to achieve maximum efficiency, and a comparative analysis of the zone materials was conducted. The optimized zone structures were used in the fabrication of Pt-hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) ZPs. The highest focusing efficiency of the Pt-HSQ-ZP with a resolution of 30 nm was 10% at 7 keV and >5% in the range 6–10 keV, whereas the highest efficiency of the Pt-HSQ-ZP with a resolution of 20 nm was realized at 7 keV with an efficiency of 7.6%. Optical characterization conducted at X-ray beamlines demonstrated significant enhancement of the focusing and imaging efficiency in a broader range of hard X-rays from 5 keV to 10 keV, demonstrating the potential application in hard X-ray focusing and imaging.

Air pollution and cerebrovascular diseases - retrospective analysis of 10,486 cases of acute ischemic stroke requiring intravenous thrombolysis. A report from the EP-PARTICLES study

Abstract Introduction Air pollution (AP) is becoming an increasingly important non-classical CVD risk factor. Recent years have brought us the introduction of new types of AP, such as ‘Polish smog’, rich in particulate matter (PM) and benzo(alpha)pyrene (B(a)P) - thus far overlooked in scientific research. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an increasing healthcare challenge, with the ageing population and associated presence of atrial fibrillation worldwide. Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), alongside thrombectomy, is the most effective AIS treatment method. Purpose To analyze the impact of AP on AIS requiring IVT incidence. To our knowledge this is the first study of its kind worldwide. Methods The study covered 500 municipalities inhabited by 5.7 million people in Poland in 2011-2020. AIS requiring IVT incidence data [hospitalizations with ICD-10 diagnosis (I63.X) and concomitant ICD-9 procedure (99.101/99.102/99.103)] and AP concentrations (PM2.5 and B(a)P) were obtained from the National Health Fund and Inspectorate for Environmental Protection, respectively. IVT was administered within 4.5 hours from the onset of AIS symptoms, ensuring accuracy in the timing of exposure. Using the GEM-AQ model we calculated AP levels for all 500 municipalities. To analyze the effects of AP we used quasi-Poisson generalized additive models with covariates such as weather conditions, day of the week, bank holidays, and seasonal trends. Results are presented as relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) per interquartile range increase in AP on the day of exposure (LAG 0) and the following days (LAG 1, etc). Results In the study period, we recorded 96,122 AIS with a slight predominance of females (52.6%) and median age 76 years old (y.o) [IQR 66-83]; 10,486 (10.9%) were treated with IVT (median age 74 y.o. IQR 65-82), females 51.3%. Mortality rates were lower in patients treated with IVT than overall AIS patients (13.3% vs 15.4%, p<0.001). Exposure to B(a)P was associated with the highest increase in AIS requiring IVT incidence on LAG 0 and this effect persisted for up to 3 days after exposure [Figure 1]. In the overall population, an increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with an increased risk of AIS requiring IVT on LAG 0, LAG 1, and LAG 3 [Figure 1]. AP increased the risk of AIS requiring IVT in both young and older individuals, as well as in women and men. We recorded no differences between the effects of analyzed air pollutants and AIS requiring IVT depending on age and sex [Figure 2]. Conclusions AP acts as a trigger for AIS requiring IVT with a similar impact regardless of sex and age. Patients undergoing IVT are characterized by better survival. Public health changes should consider efforts to decrease levels of air pollutants. Highly polluted areas should have centers with rapid access to AIS treatments and our study could help to identify high risk areas that require adaptations in local infrastructure.Figure 1.Figure 2.

A Systematic Literature Review: Emotional Intelligence, Positive Affect, and Customer Satisfaction in Tourism

Objective: To perform a rigorous systematic review of the literature, with the aim of identify the most relevant studies on emotional intelligence and positive affect and their relationship with customer satisfaction in the tourism industry, and a bibliometric analysis of scientific production to lay the foundations of such relationships. Theoretical Framework: This paper presents the key concepts and theories that underpin the research. Emotional intelligence, positive affect and customer satisfaction in the tourism industry are highlighted to provide a solid basis for understanding the context of the research. Method: The methodology used in this research is based on the Constructivist Knowledge Development Process (Proknow-C), which facilitates the organisation of a systematic literature review to select and analyse bibliographical references and generate the necessary knowledge. Results and Discussion: The resulting portfolio of 17 relevant articles in line with the object of the study made it possible to identify the main approaches proposed by the authors on this subject. In essence, the review of the literature showed a clear consensus on the relationship between the emotional intelligence and positive affect of service providers and customer satisfaction in the tourism industry. Research Implications: This research is useful for the academic community in conducting significant and relevant research on the study axes, laying the foundations to continue advancing in future lines of research. In addition, the results are profitable from a professional standpoint. Organizations in the tourism sector may reflect on and promote best practices in developing emotional and positive affect skills among their service staff given their influence on customer satisfaction. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature as scientific research on this subject remains scarce. Furthermore, the results can have an impact on the performance of tourism businesses and thus on the economic development of the destination.

Sensitive Determination of Diosmetin Using Orange‐Red Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters

AbstractDiosmetin (Dio) has attracted much attention because of its good pharmacological effects, thus it is necessary to determine its content in scientific research and production. In the study, stable orange‐red copper nanoclusters with 4‐hydroxy‐2‐mercapto‐6‐propylpyrimidine (PTU) as reducing agent and ligand (PTU‐CuNCs) was prepared by a simple approach with superior quantum yield (18.03 %), and the PTU‐CuNCs with red fluorescence could improve the anti‐interference ability of detection. Meanwhile, the synthesis conditions of PTU‐CuNCs were optimized and analyzed in detail. Through a series of experiments, it was found that inner filter effect (IFE) and dynamic quenching might become the main reasons for the fluorescence quenching of PTU‐CuNCs by Dio. Based on the mechanism, a fluorescence probe for the determination of Dio was established. In the range of 0.33–31.67 μmol L−1, the fluorescence quenching efficiency of PTU‐CuNCs was linearly related to the contents of Dio, and corresponding limit of determination (LOD) was estimated to be 101.3 nmol L−1, and limit of quantitation (LOQ) was calculated to be 337.4 nmol L−1. Furthermore, the method could be used effectively for the assay of Dio in practical samples.

Opportunities for nursing and midwifery research in Bulgaria

Abstract Background The training of nurses and midwives today is at university level and follows established standards. The 2009 Global Standards for the basic nursing and midwifery education of the World Health Organization requires that the curricula should include basic knowledge and skills for scientific research to implement evidence-based health care. In Bulgaria, scientific research among nurses and midwives began in 2000 and has seen more serious development in the last 5 years. Methods A content analysis of normative documents was carried out, to regulate the conduct of scientific studies and the curricula for the two specialties. Results In all documents on the activities of graduate nurses and midwives, activities related to conducting scientific studies are regulated. No mandatory discipline for these competencies is included in the basic education. In Bulgaria, there is a bachelor’s and master’s program only in Health Care Management, in which sociology, statistics, and research methodology are studied. From 2000 to 2016 nurses and midwives defended doctoral dissertations in a program for medical doctors. The first doctoral program for nurses and midwives is from 2016. There are no legal norms for stimulating and provide conducting clinical research, and to ensure evidence-based practice by nurses and midwives. Conclusions The normative regulation of scientific activity among nurses and midwives in Bulgaria corresponds to international and European requirements, but the opportunities for training are limited. The responsibility of nurses and midwives to modern society is to ensure high quality in health care provided by: a. providing opportunities for clinical studies; b. implementation of evidence-based health care and practice; c. developing programs for training for research in health care. Key messages • In Bulgaria, there is a legal norms for conducting nursing research, but not for evidence-based practice. • There is a need for more opportunities to train and encourage clinical nursing research.

1.P. Round table: How could a perfect monitoring and response system look like?

Abstract Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle, was ridiculed when he started to assemble a network of telegraphs to be able to follow storms at sea: in the 19th century, predicting the weather, even in the short term, was considered impossible. 150 years later, meteorological institutes around the world may have helped prevent millions of deaths. Dynamic and complex systems are particularly difficult to predict: we still don’t know exactly when the glaciers will collapse, when the next variant of a virus will appear, how intense the next earthquake will be. In fact, and as the COVID-19 pandemic has shown, most services are unprepared to adjust to such fast evolving-situations: in general, we are limited to trying to react and adapt, but systematically fail at prediction and planning, with important consequences. Moreover, disease outbreaks, scientific research, public health response(s) and legislation happen at completely different time scales, and are not prepared to communicate with (or even understand) each other. Therefore, a fundamental question is how we can create structures that, similar to what FitzRoy imagined, are prepared to anticipate and respond to health threats, when they appear. During this round table, we will bring together experts that use different perspectives (One Health, Digital Epidemiology, Health Policy) and discuss what is needed to build the “perfect” system, in an ideal world. We will argue in favor of 1) creating efficient systems for collecting and processing good quality data, fundamental for any decision making; 2) training multidisciplinary teams to work on the full pipeline from performing complex analyses, using mathematical and computational tools, to communicating with the decision-makers and the population; 3) prepare institutions to network, nationally and internationally; and 4) simulate different scenarios and design medium-term strategies. We will recognize and highlight many of the challenges of such an integrated approach, from data availability and sharing, to communicating under uncertainty, but also the risks of not even trying to do so. We expect to make very brief presentations, to leave abundant time for audience feedback and discussion. Key messages • It is urgent to create structures prepared to anticipate and respond to health threats. These should be local but integrated at the international level. • Their creation faces many challenges, from data collection and sharing to decision making and communication, that should be recognized and tackled using multidisciplinary, integrative approaches. Speakers/Panelists Joana Gonçalves-Sá Social Physics and Complexity Lab, Lisbon, Portugal Ana Bento Cornell University, Ithaca, USA Daniela Paolotti ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy André Peralta-Santos ENSP, Lisbon, Portugal

Enhancing Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation efficiency with an auxiliary solution

Soybean is a crucial source of oil, protein, and biofuel, necessitating efficient transformation systems for advancing research. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is currently the primary method used in the soybean transformation industry and scientific research. However, the low efficiency and genotype dependency of this technology leave significant room for improvement. This study aimed to enhance soybean transformation efficiency by generating and validating three reporter vectors (ZsGreen, TdTomato, and Ruby) and using Agrobacterium Auxiliary Solution (AAS) containing Silwet L-77 and hormone mixtures. Our findings demonstrate that AAS significantly improves hairy root transformation rates. Specifically, this combination increased total root and cotyledon transformation efficiencies compared to the control. We also found that larger vectors like Ruby reduced transformation efficiency compared to smaller markers like GFP and RFP. Furthermore, AAS slightly reduced the co-transformation rate of two separate vectors compared to single vector transformations. Additionally, AAS enhanced soybean hypocotyl transformation rates across various varieties, consistently increasing positive root and explant efficiencies. Notably, transformation rates varied significantly between varieties, with Forrest differing from Williams 82 and Dongnong 50. This research highlights the importance of auxiliary agents and vector size in optimizing soybean transformation, providing insights for future advancements in genetic modification and biotechnology.

CANNABIS: USO TERAPÊUTICO E DESAFIOS PARA SUA APLICABILIDADE MEDICINAL NO BRASIL

Introduction: The legalization of medicinal marijuana use has been a controversial and constantly debated topic in recent years worldwide. Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a plant that contains various chemical components, including THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), which are the main compounds responsible for its medicinal effects. Although many countries have already established regulations for the therapeutic use of cannabis, there are still many barriers to overcome. Objective: To explore the methodology of therapeutic use and the challenges for the application of cannabis, focusing on its medicinal use, identifying notable challenges and the regulatory aspects involved. Methodology: This study is based on a bibliographic review with a qualitative methodology, centered on the subjective nature of the verified bibliography through literary studies. The works reviewed were published between 2020 and 2023, collected from three main sources: LILACS and PUBMED databases. Results: The review identified significant evidence pointing to the therapeutic potential of Cannabis sativa L., particularly in the treatment of neurological conditions such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and anxiety disorders. However, it also highlighted the major regulatory challenges faced in countries like Brazil, where the cultivation of cannabis for medicinal purposes remains prohibited. This prohibition increases treatment costs and limits accessibility for patients. Additionally, the results revealed a growing acceptance among healthcare professionals and patients, suggesting a likely increase in the demand for medicinal cannabis in the coming years. Conclusion: Although there is robust evidence supporting the efficacy of cannabis for medicinal purposes, significant regulatory and legal barriers remain, particularly in countries with restrictive policies. A reformulation of regulatory frameworks is urgently needed to expand patient access and promote the development of local medicinal cannabis industries. Further investment in scientific research is also essential to ensure that regulatory decisions are based on comprehensive and context-specific data.

Implementasi Pendekatan Saintifik dalam Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak di MAS Muallimin Univa Medan

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the learning process when implementing a scientific approach in teaching Islamic faith and moral conduct at MAS Muallimin UNIVA Medan. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a phenomenological perspective. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validation is conducted through source triangulation. The results of the study indicate that the use of a scientific approach in teaching Islamic faith and moral conduct in the classroom enhances students' enthusiasm for learning, as they engage in activities such as observation, questioning, reasoning, experimentation, and communication